scholarly journals Bionics in architecture

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktória Sugár ◽  
Péter Leczovics ◽  
András Horkai
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Design ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Sustainable Architecture ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract The adaptation of the forms and phenomena of nature is not a recent concept. Observation of natural mechanisms has been a primary source of innovation since prehistoric ages, which can be perceived through the history of architecture. Currently, this idea is coming to the front again through sustainable architecture and adaptive design. Investigating natural innovations and the clear-outness of evolution during the 20th century led to the creation of a separate scientific discipline, Bionics. Architecture and Bionics are strongly related to each other, since the act of building is as old as the human civilization - moreover its first formal and structural source was obviously the surrounding environment. Present paper discusses the definition of Bionics and its connection with the architecture.

scholarly journals Chaos and Order: Contemporary Cosmology and Myth

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Tomašević
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Stephen Hawking ◽  
Modern Cosmology ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Concise Definition

The paper offers a definition of cosmology and its connections with mythology, and presents contemporary theories as a secular mythical narrative suitable for anthropological analysis. The paper is dedicated to emphasizing the folklore characteristics of modern cosmology and points to the importance of popular cosmological narratives as reading that contains culturally, philosophically and even religiously relevant elements. Special attention is paid to cosmogonic myths that describe the state of the universe before the creation of space and time. A parallel has been drawn between modern cosmology and conventional cosmogonic myths. In the end, the paper offers a concise definition of popular cosmology and recalls the most important authors and popularizers of modern theories. The main task of the paper is to present the basic concepts that can contribute to a complete understanding of the anthropological character of the presentation of contemporary cosmology that we encounter in popular narratives. The aim of such an analysis is to observe the depth of the significance of modern science for creating a philosophical picture of the world that inherits secular worldviews. By treating popular cosmology as a modern myth, the paper presents a new dimension of the significance of scientific theories for today's civilization. Such an approach unravels the strictly positivist halo of cosmology and points to its anthropological character. The concepts highlighted in the paper serve as an illustration of the significance that the image of the universe and the position of the Earth has for the history of civilization. By presenting the cultural dimension of cosmology, it opens a space for dialogue between different branches of scientific research, i.e. it contributes to the communication of philosophy and science. Equally important, by illuminating the folklore character of the narrative of the origin and history of the universe, a training ground is created for philosophers and theologians who, in their own ways, interpret the creation of everything around us. By drawing attention to authors such as Neil deGrasse Tyson, Lawrence Kraus, Stephen Hawking, Michio Kaku and others, as contemporary bards and narrators, the paper seeks to contribute to the understanding of popular cosmology as an expression of modern man's need for great stories, for narratives that transcend the spatial and temporal frames of one generation, and that is exactly what myths do.

A History of Police Psychology

2019 ◽  
pp. 377-402
Author(s):  
Philip S. Trompetter
Keyword(s):  
Public Safety ◽  
American Psychological Association ◽  
Police Psychology ◽  
American Psychological ◽  
Current Definition ◽  
Specialty Board ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter briefly identifies important societal events and governmental responses that set the stage for the emergence of the specialty of police psychology, provides the names and departments of early practitioners (1963-1990) of police psychology, and explains how the current definition of police psychology was developed, with its four domains and 55 proficiencies. The maturation of the specialty is outlined from its recognition as an American Psychological Association (APA) proficiency, to the creation of an American Board of Police & Public Safety Psychology (ABPPSP) specialty board, and most recently to its recognition as an APA specialty.

The creation of thermodynamics

2020 ◽  
pp. 422-437
Author(s):  
Robert T. Hanlon
Keyword(s):  
The North ◽  
Revisionist History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Written Word ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
John Tyndall

The North British group of scientists, including Thomson, Rankine, an adopted Joule, Tait, and Maxwell created in the written word the field of thermodynamics in which temperature plays a central role. Thomson experienced the first glimpse of dQ/T; however, a valid definition of the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics remained absent. John Tyndall challenged the revisionist history of this group in which Joule was declared the first to discover heat–work equivalence and not the German Mayer. This led to the infamous Tait–Tyndall controversy.

The Legal History of Public Land in Liberia

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb J Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Legal History ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Public Land ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Source Materials

AbstractThis article demonstrates that there has never been a clear definition of public land in Liberian legal history, although in the past the government operated as if all land that was not under private deed was public. By examining primary source materials found in archives in Liberia and the USA, the article traces the origins of public land in Liberia and its ambiguous development as a legal concept. It also discusses the ancillary issues of public land sale procedures and statutory prices. The conclusions reached have significant implications for the reform of Liberia's land sector.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF FORENSIS-PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF TYPOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PERSONALITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-521
Author(s):  
O. Slipets
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Study ◽  
Psychological Examination ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Psychological Knowledge ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Administrative Proceedings

Over more than a hundred years of history of the application of psychological knowledge to resolve issues of law remains a controversial series of theoretical provisions of forensic psychological examination. This is also true for the psychological examination of individual psychological (typological) features of the person. The purpose of the article is to formulate theoretical provisions of forensic psychological examination of typological features of a person, main concepts. Based on the definition of the object and subject of forensic psychological examination, the concept of object and subject of psychological examination of typological features of a person is formulated. On the basis of an analysis of the legal significance of the psychological study of a person of a suspect (accused) in criminal and administrative proceedings, the legal significance and tasks of forensic psychological examination of typological peculiarities are formulated. Proceeding from the subject of psychology, the legal significance of psychological facts for establishing legal criteria, the standardized requirements for qualification and the behavior of an expert, it is proposed to clarify the limits of competence of an expert psychologist. A means of applying the notion-limiter to general psychological categories, the definition of the basic concepts of forensic psychological examination typological features of the person. The theoretical provisions of the forensic psychological examination of psychological peculiarities of a person are formulated: object, subject, legal significance, tasks, limits of competence, thesaurus, is an element of the system of theoretical and methodical foundations of forensic psychological examination and the basis for the creation of a method of forensic psychological examination of typological features of a person .

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION OF TOOLS AND CONSERVATION OF ARCHITECTURE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
DONATELLA FIORANI ◽  
MARTA ACIERNO ◽  
SILVIA CUTARELLI ◽  
ADALGISA DONATELLI
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Risk Map ◽  
Computer Tools ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Research ◽  
Architectural Research

The use of digital technologies to study architecture and landscape has begun to represent an innovative aspect of the research when it started to allow the dynamic association (as input and output) of images and alphanumeric data: the different combination of this information through inferences and algorithms and the consequent generation of new data has freed digitisation from a strictly instrumental role making it a new methodological approach in itself.As a matter of fact, recently architectural research has begun to take an interest in the problem ‘from within’, working not only on the application of computer tools but, more consciously, on their configuration. The work carried out by the Sapienza research group is aimed at developing ontologies and inferential models specifically dedicated to the representation of historical buildings and is devoted to the implementation of a national GIS platform for the historical centres, the Risk Map of the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism.This kind of work involves a series of methodological issues specially oriented to the definition of the role of the history of architecture in itself and its use for the conservation project. These arguments are developed within this essay, mainly focused on: type and quality of information deriving by the new procedures; interpretative components that fuel the new research methods; cost/benefit ratio in the use of ‘analogue’ and ‘digital’ approaches; future prospects of the two different (traditional and digital) investigative strategies. Moreover, both of the fields of digital research developed by the group (ontology and Risk Map) are here summarised.

Between History and Tafsīr: Notes on al-Ṭabarī’s Methodological Strategies

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-129
Author(s):  
Marianna Klar
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Detailed Understanding ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relevant Section

The bulk of the cited anecdotes in the most immediately relevant section pertaining to the Fall of Adam within al-Ṭabarī’s History consist solely of material that is duplicated in al-Ṭabarī’s commentary on But Satan made them slip in Q. 2:36. The duplicated material is not presented in the same order across the two works, but the extent of the overlap between the two sources is intriguing. In his introduction to the Tafsīr, published (in the form of public lectures) from 270/883–884 onwards, al-Ṭabarī (d. 310/923) gives a definition of his own methodology; the introduction to his History, the first volume of which was made public some 20 years later in 294/906–907, announces meanwhile a focus on the history of kings. Yet al-Ṭabarī does not provide any explicit elucidation of what this difference might entail. In areas where al-Ṭabarī’s subject matter spans both texts such a question seems especially pertinent. This article seeks to contribute to a more detailed understanding of how concepts of genre affected the material that was included by al-Ṭabarī in the History and the Tafsīr, and to expose the author's editorial techniques, with specific reference to the parallel versions of the story of Adam and the Fall al-Ṭabarī provided. It draws upon the preceding historical account of the Creation of Eve, and the material that frames the repentance narratives. It also seeks to ascertain whether the individual context of each Qur'anic pericope affected the presentation of material within the Tafsīr itself.

scholarly journals UNDERSTANDING THE MEME TERM FROM A GENERAL AND ARCHITECTURAL POINT OF VIEW

space&FORM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (44) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Alina Holovatiuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Genetic Environment ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Definition Of

This article deals with the notion of meme from the general, web and architectural point of view. The history of the creation and the process of further transformation of the term meme, which gradually penetrated from the initial genetic environment into the environment of media and technologies, is described. The disagreements are mentioned both in the interpretation of the concept of a meme and in the definition of a meme as a certain useful or harmful element of culture. By comparing the Internet meme and its main properties with the architectural meme, the characteristics of the last one are indicated.

scholarly journals “Tendencias y guerrillas en la arquitectura española”. Arquitectura y Prensa

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Alberto Ruiz Colmenar
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
General Reader ◽  
Educational Role ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Mass Media

<p>Architecture critique has historically used specialised publications as a dissemination channel. These publications, written by and for architects, have been of seminal importance in the creation of architectural culture in Spain. Nevertheless, this type of publication leaves out the non-specialised public, mistakenly considering them alien to these matters. In this case, the mass media has filled this space, carrying out a very important educational role. Its task has not been that of a mere dissemination of contents, but it has also provided a platform for criticism and analysis of some of the main events in Spanish architecture over the course of the 20th Century. In this study we analyse the years preceding and following the Spanish Civil War. A review of the issues that the main papers addressed—ABC and La Vanguardia—allows us to grasp what the general reader perceived during a key period in our history of architecture.</p>

scholarly journals Art. II.—Essays on the Puránas. I.

1838 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
Horace Hayman Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
General Character ◽  
European Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Similar Class ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Universe

The earliest inquiries into the religion, chronology, and history of the Hindús, ascertained that there existed a body of writings especially devoted to those subjects, from which it was sanguinely anticipated much valuable and authentic information would be derived. These were the Puránas of Sanscrit literature, collections which, according to the definition of a Purána agreeably to Sanscrit writers, should treat of the creation and renovation of the universe, the division of time, the institutes of law and religion, the genealogiès of the patriarchal families, and the dynasties of kings; and they, therefore, offered a prospect of our penetrating the obscurity in which the origin and progress of the Hindú social system had so long been enveloped. A formidable difficulty, however, presented itself in the outset, arising from the voluminous extent of this branch of the literature of the Hindús, and the absence of all facilities for acquiring a knowledge of its nature. The Puránas are eighteen in number, besides several works of a similar class, called Upa, or minor, Puránas. The former alone comprehend, it is asserted, and the assertion is not very far from the truth, four hundred thousand slokas, or sixteen hundred thousand lines, a quantity which any individual European scholar could scarcely expect to peruse with care and attention, unless his whole time were devoted exclusively for very many years, to the task. Nor was any plan, short of the perusal of the whole, likely to furnish satisfactory means of judging of their general character: few of them are furnished with anything in the shape of an index, or summary of contents, and none of them conform to any given arrangement; so that to know with accuracy what any one contains, it is necessary to read the entire work. The immensity of the labour seems to have deterred Sanscrit students from effecting even what was feasible, the publication or translation of one or two of the principal Puránas, and to the present day not one of them is accessible to the European public.

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