scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION OF TOOLS AND CONSERVATION OF ARCHITECTURE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
DONATELLA FIORANI ◽  
MARTA ACIERNO ◽  
SILVIA CUTARELLI ◽  
ADALGISA DONATELLI
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Risk Map ◽  
Computer Tools ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Research ◽  
Architectural Research

The use of digital technologies to study architecture and landscape has begun to represent an innovative aspect of the research when it started to allow the dynamic association (as input and output) of images and alphanumeric data: the different combination of this information through inferences and algorithms and the consequent generation of new data has freed digitisation from a strictly instrumental role making it a new methodological approach in itself.As a matter of fact, recently architectural research has begun to take an interest in the problem ‘from within’, working not only on the application of computer tools but, more consciously, on their configuration. The work carried out by the Sapienza research group is aimed at developing ontologies and inferential models specifically dedicated to the representation of historical buildings and is devoted to the implementation of a national GIS platform for the historical centres, the Risk Map of the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism.This kind of work involves a series of methodological issues specially oriented to the definition of the role of the history of architecture in itself and its use for the conservation project. These arguments are developed within this essay, mainly focused on: type and quality of information deriving by the new procedures; interpretative components that fuel the new research methods; cost/benefit ratio in the use of ‘analogue’ and ‘digital’ approaches; future prospects of the two different (traditional and digital) investigative strategies. Moreover, both of the fields of digital research developed by the group (ontology and Risk Map) are here summarised.

scholarly journals O desenho digital e as paisagens patrimoniais. Convento da Madre Deus de Monchique, no Porto

CEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 57-74
Author(s):  
Tiago Trindade Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Urban Research ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
New Research ◽  
The City ◽  
Historical Periods

This article is part of a broader reflection on the digital drawing and new research metho‑ dologies in the History of Architecture. Aiming to reflect on the concept of Heritage Landscape, it starts from the old monastic structure of Monchique, in the city of Porto, as an experimental labora‑ tory for architectural and urban research. It is known that digital technology makes it possible to reconstruct elements from other eras, whose time has transformed or disappeared. In this context, and using digital drawing, the recognition of the built heritage and urban structures is sought through a synchronic and diachronic interpretation, attentive to the different historical periods and their specificities.

scholarly journals The Mausoleum of Giuseppe Tonietti on the Elba Island. From a masterpiece of Adolofo Coppedè to a compromising state of decay.

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 719-734
Author(s):  
Angela Mancuso ◽  
Andrea Pasquali ◽  
Giorgio Verdiani
Keyword(s):  
Work Conditions ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Total Absence ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
Elba Island ◽  
Architectural Research

The study shows the results of the digital and photographic surveys operated on an architectural work of great importance: it is the Mausoleum for Tonietti family, by Adolfo Coppedè, built on the Elba Island in Tuscany-Italy at the beginning of the 20th century. The current alarming conditions of the building invite to make some reflections on the unpleasant but common fate of many architectures of the Liberty and Eclectic period in Italy. With the evolution of rationalism of the architectural form and thus the gradual purifying of decorative plastic organisms from architectural objects, architectural research, and with it the observation and conservation of cultural heritage, has increasingly focused on new rational style, omitting many examples in floral style equally deserving of attention. The alarming state of preservation of Tonietti Mausoleum, combined with the total absence of projects by local authorities, set the conditions for the dissolution of the work and the consequent loss of the cultural and territorial connotation that it creates. The processing of the surveys and the gathering of documentation wants to create the basis for the comparison of work conditions in its original state and the current form, fixing the actual conditions of decay. There is the hope that this work can create a conservative practical input that restores the integrity of the cultural property designed by the youngest of Coppedè brothers, giving to it a proper and necessary value in the study of the history of architecture and the development of the evolutionary dialogue necessarily connected to the same historical evolution.

scholarly journals Quality Control for Biomarker Determination in Oncology: The Experience of the Italian Network for Quality Assessment of Tumor Biomarkers (INQAT)

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Paradiso ◽  
S. Volpe ◽  
A. Iacobacci ◽  
E. Marubini ◽  
P. Verderio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Biomarker Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Analytical Phase ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
The Cost

Biomarker analysis and evaluation in oncology is the product of a number of processes (including managerial, technical and interpretation steps) which need to be monitored and controlled to prevent and correct errors and guarantee a satisfactory level of quality. Several biomarkers have recently moved to clinical validation studies and successively to clinical practice without any definition of standard procedures and/or quality control (QC) schemes necessary to guarantee the reproducibility of the laboratory information. In Italy several national scientific societies and single researchers have activated – often on a pilot level – specific external quality assessment protocols, thereby potentially jeopardizing the clinical reality even further. In view of the seriousness of the problem, in 1998 the Italian Ministry of Health sponsored a National Survey Project to coordinate and standardize the procedures and to develop QC programs for the analysis of cancer biomarkers of potential clinical relevance. Twelve QC programs focused on biomarkers and concerning morphological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, molecular, and immunoenzymatic assays were coordinated and implemented. Specifically, external QC programs for the analytical phase of immunohistochemical p53, Bcl-2, c-erb-2/neu/HER2, and microvessel density determination, of morphological evaluation of tumor differentiation grade, and of molecular p53 analysis were activated for the first time within the project. Several hundreds of Italian laboratories took part in these QC programs, the results of which are available on the web site of the Network ( www.cqlaboncologico.it ). Financial support from the Italian Government and the National Research Council (CNR) will guarantee the pursuit of activities that will be extended to new biomarkers, to preanalytical phases of the assays, and to revision of the criteria of clinical usefulness for evaluating the cost/benefit ratio.

Negotiating the History of Education: How the Histories of Indigenous Education Expand the Field

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yesenia Lucia Cervera
Keyword(s):  
American Indian ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Indigenous Education ◽  
New Methods ◽  
History Of ◽  
Issue Frames ◽  
American Society ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Research

Today many historians of education reference Bernard Bailyn'sEducation in the Forming of American Societyand Lawrence Cremin's three-book seriesAmerican Educationas important works that created a turning point in the field. Yet, few have constructed histories of education as narratives in the transmission of culture across generations and even fewer have taken time to critically analyze the possible meanings, implications, and limitations of proposals set forth by Bailyn and Cremin. Thus, while the definition of education was broadened, research has not advanced new research topics and designs. This special issue frames histories of American Indian cultures as education histories thereby bringing this pressing conversation into critical analysis and pushing the field toward new agendas and frameworks. The authors demonstrate that constructing American Indian histories requires new methods and concepts be employed and advocate for the dismissal of Euroamerican frameworks. Accepting their proposals, historians of education can hope to gain fresh histories of teaching and learning that can expand research in new and exciting ways.

scholarly journals Diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome – a historical overview

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Szychlińska ◽  
Katarzyna Gontarz-Nowak ◽  
Wojciech Matuszewski ◽  
Katarzyna Myszka-Podgórska ◽  
Elżbieta Bandurska-Stankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Current Definition ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Research ◽  
European Group

Introduction: Although attempts to establish a definition of metabolic syndrome (MS) intensified two decades ago, research into diseases co-occurring with MS was initiated as early as in the 17th century. The breakthrough came in 1988 with a study by Gerald M. Reaven, which combined so far unrelated conditions into X syndrome. In the 20th and 21st century, research focused on providing a definition applicable in clinical practice. Aim: The following overview summarizes the history of MS, from early descriptions to the most recent attempts at defining it. Material and methods: The literature was searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases focusing on history of research on MS, criteria of diagnosis. Results and discussion: Since 1998, while the concept of MS was accepted, the definition has evolved. Since the European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance definition was announced, the essential components of diagnosing MS have not changed, they have only been specified to include a greater part of the population. It seems that MS is not only a pathophysiological term, but also a practical-clinical one. When diagnosed, it involves further medical treatment. Conclusions: (1) The definition of MS has evolved, becoming simplified so that it can be used in clinical practice. (2) Main components of diagnosing MS have been specified to include a greater part of the population. (3) It seems that MS is not only a pathophysiological term, but also a practical-clinical one. (4) The construct of MS definition has inherent limitations which impact on its clinical usefulness. (5) The current definition might be subject to more modifications following new research studies.

scholarly journals NANOFLUIDS: LOOKING FOR MORE EFFICIENCY IN SOLAR HEATING SYSTEMS

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Etevaldo Francisco Carreira Junior ◽  
Reynaldo Palacios Bereche ◽  
Paulo Henrique De Mello Santana
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Thermal Systems ◽  
Thermal Exchange ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
History Of

Researches into the use of solar energy and its application in the form of heat have been intensified in the recent history of renewable energy. However, flat plate and evacuated tube solar collectors still have low capacity to convert solar energy to thermal energy due to several factors, including low thermal conductivity of the exchange fluid. Recent studies seek to make feasible the use of nanofluids, whose thermophysical properties, such as thermal conductivity, can improve the performance of solar collectors. The objective of this paper is to review the recent literature on solar water heating systems, identifying opportunities to apply nanofluids to solar collectors, in order to increase their efficiency. The results of the research point to gains of more than 20% in the efficiency of the collectors compared to the use of water as thermal exchange fluid, and also indicate that the carbon nanoparticles have the best cost-benefit ratio, although the nanofluids are not yet feasible for real applications, because there are challenges to be overcome by this technology, such as reducing the loss of stability, which reduces its useful life, reduce the complexity and cost of production for commercial scale production. It is concluded that there is in fact potential to apply nanofluids in solar thermal systems. 

Criteri e basi teoriche per un corretto approccio allo screening presintomatico delle malattie neoplastiche: Criteria and theoretical bases for a correct approach to presymptomatic screening of neoplastic diseases

1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-295
Author(s):  
L. Di Silvio
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Neoplastic Diseases ◽  
Life Expectation ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cost

The different criteria to be taken into consideration when carrying out presymptomatic screening of neoplastic diseases are given. Screening is an operation of secondary prevention and can be divided into: 1) mass screening 2) selective (or aimed) screening 3) multifascia screening (check up). The Author gives the fors and againsts of the above types of screening and concludes that they can lead to: 1) only a prolungation of the lead time 2) a more favourable life expectation 3) a normal life expectation with death due to the neoplasm 4) death for natural causes and not for the tumour 5) early death (iatrogenic). The general criteria laid down by the W.H.O. on the suitability of submitting a population to screening are: a) the pathology to be investigated must be an important problem both for health and socially b) a diagnostic protocol must be available for subjects who have a positive test result, as well as an effective treatment protocol for the diagnosed cases c) the investigated pathology must be characterised by a recognisable stage, latent or with early symptoms d) screening methods must be easy to carry out with no risks involved e) the screening must be acceptable for the invited population f) the natural history of the neoplasm must be sufficiently well-known g) the parameters of normality, allowing the positive patients to be distinguished from the negative ones, must be very clear h) assessment of the cost/benefit ratio i) the activity of early diagnosis must be a continuing and not an irregular service, on the basis of established protocols I) the availability of economic, staff and organisational resources must be guaranteed. In any case, the Author proposes that the screening programme be checked in terms of sensitivity (capacity to select the truly ill people), specificity (capacity to select the healthy ones) and predictive value (% value of test reliability).

scholarly journals ПОНЯТІЙНО-КАТЕГОРІАЛЬНИЙ ЗМІСТ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА З ПОЗИЦІЙ ЕВОЛЮЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ДУМКИ

2019 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Ольга Володимирівна Орлова-Курилова
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Effective Development

The article seeks to explore the key categories that characterize the phenomenon of innovative entrepreneurship. It is specified that from the conceptual and categorical perspectives, the innovative activity of business entities is considered as a complex characteristic with a range of complementary definitions which demonstrate ambiguity and contradiction in their interpretation. The domestic and foreign economic literature review has revealed that there is neither a common conceptual framework in this field of scientific knowledge, nor a harmonized definition of even such basic categories as innovation, novelties, invention, entrepreneurship, innovation activity, etc. among modern scholars and practitioners. The primary sources in the history of economic thought in the area of innovative entrepreneurship can be traced back to remote past, found in the works of foreign economists and political economists who developed a number of theories and concepts revealing the nature, forms and specific features of innovative activity, as well as suggesting methods and pathways to enhance its development. The study offers a more specified definition of innovative entrepreneurship viewing it as a complex category which entails such notions as innovation, entrepreneurship, innovation process, innovation activity, innovation environment, etc. The research findings provide argument why innovative entrepreneurship is critical for effective development of the national economy. The suggested methodological approach argues for the need to explore the innovative entrepreneurship concept both at the micro- and the macrolevels.

scholarly journals Bionics in architecture

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktória Sugár ◽  
Péter Leczovics ◽  
András Horkai
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Design ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Sustainable Architecture ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract The adaptation of the forms and phenomena of nature is not a recent concept. Observation of natural mechanisms has been a primary source of innovation since prehistoric ages, which can be perceived through the history of architecture. Currently, this idea is coming to the front again through sustainable architecture and adaptive design. Investigating natural innovations and the clear-outness of evolution during the 20th century led to the creation of a separate scientific discipline, Bionics. Architecture and Bionics are strongly related to each other, since the act of building is as old as the human civilization - moreover its first formal and structural source was obviously the surrounding environment. Present paper discusses the definition of Bionics and its connection with the architecture.

scholarly journals Prognosticating ovarian reserve by the new ovarian response prediction index

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1196
Author(s):  
Apoorva Tak ◽  
Madhubala Chauhan ◽  
Bharti Tak
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Stimulation ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Response Prediction ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

Background: Knowledge of patient's potential ovarian response can help individualise the medication dosage and thus prevent adverse effect of excessive ovarian response and, decrease the rates of cancelled cycles, overall it will help to improve the cost benefit ratio of ovarian stimulation regimes. In addition to age, several clinical, endocrine and USG markers and dynamic tests have been proposed for the prediction of ovarian response to stimulation. Among these use of AMH levels and AFC are of particular interest However, despite the predictive power that each marker for the ovarian response may individually have, all these markers have errors associated with their estimation. So, prediction of ovarian response using a single biomarker may not be sufficient for formulation of a precise treatment plan.Methods: This study includes 50 patients undergoing ivf cycle. All patients satisfied the following criteria; age <or equal to 39 yrs, BMI between 20-30, regular menstrual cycles, both ovaries present, no history of ovarian surgery, no severe endometriosis and no evidence of endocrine disorders. The only exclusion criteria was the presence of ovarian cysts as assessed by TVS.Results: The results showed significant correlation between the number of obtained follicles and the number and maturity of collected oocytes. In addition, the results using the ORPI were always better than those obtained using other predictive factors (AFC, AGE and AMH) separately.Conclusions: The present study reinforces the ORPI, which is a simple 3 variable index that exhibits an excellent ability to predict low and excessive ovarian response. ORPI might be used to improve the cost benefit ratio of ovarian stimulation regimens by guiding the selection of medication and by tailoring the doses and regimens to the actual needs of patients.

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