The Association Between Own Unemployment and Violence Victimization Among Female Youths

2015 ◽  
Vol 235 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 499-516
Author(s):  
Michèle Tertilt ◽  
Gerard J. van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Patient Visit ◽  
Population Register ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Violence Victimization ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Employed Women

Summary We estimate the association between the unemployment status of young women and the probability that they are subject to violence, using Swedish population register data covering the period 1999-2008. These data contain the highest-level classification of diagnoses made by medical experts at every individual in-patient and out-patient visit to medical care units, including every contact with a physician. We distinguish between domestic and non-domestic violence. It turns out that unemployed women are significantly more likely to be victimized than employed women with the same individual characteristics. This is mostly reflected in indicators of nondomestic violence and long-run abuse among unemployed female youths.

scholarly journals Firms and the Intergenerational Transmission of Labor Market Advantage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Engzell ◽  
Nathan Wilmers
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Intergenerational Mobility ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
High Income ◽  
Population Register ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
Imperfectly Competitive ◽  
Competitive Labor Market

Recent research finds that pay inequality stems both from firm pay-setting and from workers’ individual characteristics. Yet, intergenerational mobility research remains focused on transmission of individual traits, and has failed to test how firms shape the inheritance of inequality. We study this question using three decades of Swedish population register data, and decompose the intergenerational earnings correlation into firm pay premiums and stable worker effects. One quarter of the intergenerational earnings correlation at midlife is explained by sorting between firms with unequal pay. Employer or industry inheritance account for a surprisingly small share of this firm-based earnings transmission. Instead, children from high-income backgrounds benefit from matching with high-paying firms irrespective of the sources of parents’ earnings advantage. Our analysis reveals how an imperfectly competitive labor market provides an opening for skill-based rewards in one generation to become class-based advantages in the next.

Domestic Violence Victimization among South Asian Immigrant Men and Women in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110152
Author(s):  
Abha Rai ◽  
Y. Joon Choi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
South Asian ◽  
South Asians ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asian Immigrant ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Violence Victimization ◽  
Immigrant Men ◽  
South Asian Immigrant

Domestic violence is a pernicious social problem in the United States and a cause of national concern. The South Asian culture disempowers individuals experiencing domestic violence from recognizing and reporting victimization. Structural inequities may also discourage reporting victimization. These issues have led to inconsistent findings of domestic violence prevalence rates. Additionally, domestic violence studies with South Asians in the United States have predominantly focused on women, omitting men from this purview of research. The purpose of this study was to examine domestic violence victimization rates as well as their correlates among South Asian immigrant men and women. The sample for this cross-sectional study included 468 South Asians across the 50 U.S. states. Descriptive statistics were used to establish rates of domestic violence victimization. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to examine the correlates of domestic violence victimization. All of the sociodemographic information was added in step 1, and acculturation and gender-role attitudes were added as covariates in step 2. The most prevalent type of domestic violence victimization was physical violence (48%), followed by emotional (38%), economic (35%), verbal (27%), immigration-related (26%), in-laws related (19%), and ultimately sexual abuse (11%). Prevalence rates were higher for women than for men in each type of violence. According to the logistic regression results, education, generational position, family type, and employment were significant correlates of domestic violence victimization. Prior to development of prevention programs by community agencies, it is essential to understand the nature and prevalence of domestic violence experiences among South Asians. The victimization of men in addition to women adds to the novelty of this research study and paves the way for practitioners and scholars to engage in conversations about providing both male and female victims of domestic violence with the needed resources and support. The article will discuss implications for research, practice, and policy.

Self-reported disciplinary practices among women in the child welfare system: Association with domestic violence victimization

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 811-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly J. Kelleher ◽  
Andrea L. Hazen ◽  
Jeffrey H. Coben ◽  
Yun Wang ◽  
Jennifer McGeehan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
Child Welfare System ◽  
Welfare System ◽  
Disciplinary Practices ◽  
Violence Victimization

Predicting individual post-penitentiary crimes

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Валерий Ильич Терехин ◽  
Виктор Валентинович Чернышов ◽  
Ольга Викторовна Имамбаева
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Penal Institutions

Факторы рецидивных преступлений. Оценка вероятности рецидивов по стадиям жизненного цикла преступности. Проблема взаимосвязи факторов. Адаптация осужденных после освобождения. Классификация осужденных по вероятности постпенитенциарных рецидивов. Латентность преступлений как ограничение достоверности прогнозов преступности. Моделирование индивидуальных постпенитенциарных преступлений. В статье обоснована классификация осужденных на момент их освобождения из учреждений УИС по вероятности совершения ими постпенитенциарного рецидива. Приведен пример моделирования сроков совершения постпенитенциарных преступлений. В работе выделена совокупность индивидуальных характеристик осужденного, которые отражают его нацеленность на совершение латентных преступлений и способности их совершения. Factors of recidivism. Assessment of the probability of recidivism by stages of the life cycle of crime. The problem of interrelation of factors. Adaptation of prisoners after release. Classification of prisoners according to the likelihood of post-penitentiary relapse. Crime latency as a limitation on the reliability of crime forecasts. Modeling of individual post-penitentiary crimes. The article substantiates the classification of convicts at the time of their release from penal institutions by the probability of their post-penitentiary recidivism. An example of modeling the timing of post-penitentiary crimes is given. The paper highlights a set of individual characteristics of the convict, which reflect his focus on the Commission of latent crimes and the ability to commit them.

scholarly journals Combination of Sjogren’s disease with autoimmune thyroiditis: A case history

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-31
Author(s):  
Ye A Sycheva ◽  
Ts S Khein
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Case History ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Endocrine Diseases ◽  
Thyroid Pathology ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Sjögren’S Disease

Therapists, including rheumatologists, often forget that many autoimmune diseases are combined with endocrine pathology, in particular with thyroid pathology. These cases, according to the classification of N. Smith and A. Steinberg, belong to the 5th class - class E of autoimmune diseases, which includes conditions that manifest several autoimmune diseases, both organ-specific and organ-specific. In the literature, cases of combinations of endocrine diseases with non-endocrine autoimmune are described. It was noted that they are most often found in young women, which are associated with the X chromosome. We give our own observation of a patient with Sjogren's disease in combination with thyroid pathology.

scholarly journals On the issue of chemical mechanism and soil salinity degree determination: Russian and foreign practices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Manzhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Mechanism ◽  
International Level ◽  
Salt Composition ◽  
Soil Salt

Purpose: analysis of the currently available approaches to determining the chemical mechanism and degree of soil salinity. In the course of research, the researches of Russian and foreign scientists, Russian and foreign methodological documents in the field of determining the degree and type of land salinization were studied. The methods of data analysis, processing and generalization were used. Discussion. The retrospective analysis of the Russian and foreign practices of assessing the degree and types of soil salt degradation was made by the author. The main indicators, assessed in the process of determining the degree and chemistry of soil salinization, as well as the methods for their determination, generally accepted in Russia and abroad, are given. Identification of these characteristics is of great importance in planning and carrying out reclamation activities aimed at increasing soil fertility, preventing soil degradation and loss of agricultural and commercial value. Conclusions. Based on a retrospective analysis of various possibilities for determining and classification of soil salt degradation, it was concluded that there are various methods oriented both to individual characteristics of soils in order to identify their unfavorable salt composition, and to different approaches to the procedures and methods of diagnosis. The main purpose of identifying the salt imbalance in agricultural lands composition is the possibility of preserving and improving their fertility, which, undoubtedly is carried out through reclamation measures in the case of their degradation. In order to develop uniformity in assessment and interpretation of data on the salt composition of soils, the degree of their salinity and the need for one or another type of reclamation work, it is necessary to develop a system of indicators based on the experience of Russian and foreign scientists with international practices. The development of the specified regulatory and methodological documentation should be focused on the international level, take into account all possible indicators affecting the accuracy of determination, excluding unnecessary details.

scholarly journals DOWRY, ‘DOWRY AUTONOMY’ AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AMONG YOUNG MARRIED WOMEN IN INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saseendran Pallikadavath ◽  
Tamsin Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Women's Education ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Women’S Autonomy ◽  
Women's Autonomy ◽  
Paid Employment ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Women In India

SummaryDowry practice, women’s autonomy to use dowry (‘dowry autonomy’) and the association of these with domestic violence were examined among young married women in India. Data were taken from the ‘Youth in India: Situation and Needs Study’ carried out in six Indian states during 2006–07. A total of 13,912 women aged 15–24 years were included in the study. About three-quarters of the women reported receiving a dowry at their marriage, and about 66% reported having the ability to exercise autonomy over the use of it – ‘dowry autonomy’. Dowry given without ‘dowry autonomy’ was found to have had no protective value against young women experiencing physical domestic violence in India. While women’s participation in paid employment increased the odds of them experiencing physical domestic violence, women’s education and marrying after the age of 18 years reduced the likelihood of experiencing physical domestic violence.

ADHD in Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-69
Author(s):  
Sandamita Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Academic Outcomes ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Educational Effectiveness ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Relative Caregivers ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Psychological Management

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most common neurobehavioral disorders presenting for treatment in children and adolescents. ADHD is often chronic with prominent symptoms and impairment spanning into adulthood. During the past decade, epidemiological studies have documented high rates of comorbid conditions among individuals with ADHD. In the absence of adequate identification of its comorbidities and secondary symptoms, it has an impact on the behavioural and academic outcomes in the long run. Research highlights the psycho educational effectiveness that focused on the relative/caregivers of ADHD as better understanding and knowledge of the disorder improves treatment adherence, quality of life, and decreased symptoms of ADHD. Therefore, the chapter intends to throw light on the classification of ADHD, its assessment, and psychological management for better outcomes in children.

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