Diuretic activity and toxicity study of the aqueous extract of Cola nitida seed on markers of renal function and electrolytes in rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirian Nnemdi Ashibuogwu ◽  
Olukayode Isaac Adeosun ◽  
Rufus Ojo Akomolafe ◽  
Douglas Olaniyi Sanni ◽  
Olaoluwa Sesan Olukiran
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Urine Output ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
Morning Sickness ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Urine Concentrations ◽  
Cola Nitida

AbstractBackgroundis a plant, conventionally used in Africa in the treatment of various ailments such as migraine, morning sickness and indigestion. The aim of the present study was to explore the diuretic activity of the aqueous extract ofMethodsThe study was divided into diuretic and subchronic studies. Twenty-five male Wistar rats weighing between 140 and 180 ResultsThe results of the diuretic study showed that the AECONS at all doses used and furosemide produced a significant increase in urine output with respect to the control group. AECONS also induced a significant increase in the urine concentrations of NaConclusionsIt is concluded that AECONS induced diuresis which is associated with increased Na

POTENTIAL DIURETIC EFFECT OF CURCUMA AMADA ROXB. RHIZOME EXTRACTS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (04) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
P Bommannavar ◽  
◽  
K. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
Curcuma Amada ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Total Urine ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent

The present study was undertaken to establish the diuretic activity of alcoholic and aqueous extract of dried rhizomes of Curcuma amada Roxb in rats. Alcoholic and aqueous extracts of rhizomes were administered to experimental male Wistar rats orally at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg and compared with furosemide (10 mg/kg) as the reference standard. The parameters measured for diuretic activity were total urine volume, urine electrolyte concentration such as sodium, potassium and chloride have been evaluated. The rats treated with alcoholic and aqueous extract of Curcuma amada in a dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg showed higher urine output when compared to the respective control. Both alcoholic and aqueous extracts have showed a significant dose-dependent increase in the excretion of electrolytes when compared to the control group. The result indicates that alcoholic and aqueous extract is an effective natriuretic and kaliuretic diuretic, which supports the traditional claim about the Curcuma amada Roxb being used as diuretics.

scholarly journals Effects of the hydrophilic extract of Juniperus excelsa on renal function in male Wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Sadrollah Mehrabi
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Juniperus Excelsa ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Introduction: Ores plant (Juniperus excelsa) has been used for a long-time in the treatment of kidney disease. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of J. excelsa extract on renal function in male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, 32 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups of eight rats. Distilled water was used for the healthy control group and the other three groups received doses of 10%, 25% and 50% of the extract for one month. Prior to the intervention and on the 15th and 30th days after intervention, 24-hour urine was collected for measurement of protein, creatinine, and urine volume. On the 30th day, the rats were anesthetized with ether and in addition to the urinary samples, serum samples were taken directly from their heart to check for creatinine, urea, sodium, and potassium. Additionally, both kidneys were removed and examined for histological changes. Results: There was a significant difference between the groups before and after intervention regarding creatinine clearance (P=0.008). The mean serum urea on the 15th and 30th days of study was respectively 93±37.33 and 86.47±71.07 mg/dL (P=0.001). In pathology examination, minimal infiltration of inflammatory cells in the interstitium and mild decrease in thickness of renal tubules was observed in 50% dose of the extract. Conclusion: This study showed that the greatest impact of J. excelsa on the renal function of the male Wistar rats was in doses of 50% of the extracts.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the toxic effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Morinda morindoides root in male Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
J. O. Olukunle ◽  
O. L. Ajayi ◽  
O. T. Adenubi ◽  
E. B. Jacobs ◽  
B. S. Okediran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Morinda Morindoides ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Kidney Liver

The toxic effect of the aqueous extract of the bark of the root of Morinda morindoides was studied in 24 sexually matured, male Wistar rats weighing between 150-200g. The rats were randomly divided into four groups (I-IV). Rats in groups I, II and III received 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg and I,600 mg/kg of 50mg/ml of the aqueous extract respectively once daily for 28 days while the control group (Group IV) was given distilled water (5ml/kg) once daily for 28 days after which the rats were euthanized. Following euthanasia, about 3 ml of blood was collected and was divided into 1.5ml each for haematology and serum chemistry. In addition, samples of the kidney, liver, heart, lungs and spleen were also harvested for histopathology. Haematological and serum biochemical values were expressed as mean ± standard error of mean and were analyzed using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. Lesions observed in histopathology were scored as mild, moderate or severe. Results were considered statistically significant at 95% confidence interval (P<0.05). In this study, there was no significant difference in the haematological parameters, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase between the treated groups and the control. Histopathologically, the extract caused mild, diffuse degeneration of the liver, mild tubular nephrosis; mononuclear cellular infiltration in the heart and mild hypoplasia of the lymphoid nodules in the spleen of rats to which 1,600 mg/kg of the extract was administered. It was therefore concluded that aqueous extract of the root of Morinda morindoides may produce subchronic toxicity at the dosage of 1600mg/kg.

scholarly journals The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Ocimum gratissium (Linn) on 1, 2 - Dimethyl Hydrazine induced Colon Cancer in Male Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-35
Author(s):  
Ugochukwu Umeaku ◽  
David A. Ofusori ◽  
Obioma P. Umeaku ◽  
Tolulope A. Edward
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Colonic Wall ◽  
Cancer Induction ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group B

Background Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death world-wide. There is a steady increase in incidence over the past four decades in developing countries. This has been partly attributed to increasingly low intake of vegetables among other causes. Aims Therefore this study aims to evaluate the protective effect of aqueous extract of Ocimumgratissimum (OG) leaves (a staple vegetable) on experimental model of colon carcinogenesis induced with 1, 2 Dimethylhydrazine (DMH). This is compared with celecoxib (a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor) which is used in the chemoprevention of colon cancer. Methods Sixty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: A to F, n=10. Group A was the normal control, Group B was given only DMH weekly for 16 weeks,Groups C, D and E were given graded doses of OG for two weeks prior to cancer induction by DMH. After which both OG and DMH were given for 16weeks. Group F received celecoxib daily for two weeks prior to cancer induction. Colonic wall was analysed grossly, histologically and biochemically. The induced lesions were staged investigated and staged using Duke’s Staging method. Results The result showed tumour incidence in groups B and C while no evidence of primary colonic tumour was observed in groups A, D, E and F. There was a dose dependent increase in the goblet cell count in the groups treated with OG with group E being statistically higher than group F. There was a significant reduction in collagen staining intensity (F = 129.74, p < 0.0001) for the colonic wall in group B when compared to other groups. There was a decreased nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio in groups C, D, E and F when compared to group B. There was a significant increase in the concentration of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2in group B when compared to other groups D, E and F. Conclusion In conclusion, this research showed a protective effect of Ocimumgratissimum leaves on 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer which further corroborated its ethno-medicinal use.

scholarly journals DIURETIC ACTIVITY OF MATOA LEAVES EXTRACTS (Pometiapinnata) AND ITS INFLUENCE ON POTASSIUM AND SODIUM LEVELS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Ika Purwidyaningrum ◽  
Elin Yulinah Sukandar ◽  
Irda Fidrianny
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
Observation Study ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine diuretic activity of matoa leaves (Pometiapinnata) extracts and fraction and its influence on potassium and sodium levels.Methods: Matoa leaves were extracted by reflux method followed by evaporation using rotary evaporator. The subjects were male Wistar rats that were divided into 11 group furosemide (3.6 mg/kg bw), control group CMC 0.5%, matoa leaves extracts with doses of 50 mg/kg bw, 100 mg/kg bw, 150 mg/kg bw, matoa leaves aqueous fraction with dose of 10.94 mg/kg bw, 21.88 mg/kg bw, 32.82 mg/kg bw, matoa leaves ethyl acetate fraction with dose of 4.35 mg/kg bw, 8.71 mg/kg bw, 13.06 mg/kg bw. Rats were placed in metabolic cagesduring observation study. Urine volume was measured for 5 to 24 hours. Potassium and sodium levels in urine were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry.Results: The effective dose of matoa leaves extract and fractions for diuretic activity was matoaleaves ethyl acetate fraction 8.71 mg/kg bw which could increase the excretion of sodium and potassium in the urine of the male Wistar rats.Conclusion:Matoa leaves extract and fractions could increase the excretion of sodium and potassium in the urine of the male Wistar rats.  

scholarly journals The diuretic effect of cornflower water extract

Medicina ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rimantas Klimas ◽  
Miloslava Rabišková ◽  
Genuvaitė Civinskienė ◽  
Jurga Bernatonienė
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diuretic Effect ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
Animal Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of cornflower water extract and hydrochlorothiazide on diuresis, Na+ and K+ excretion, and the changes in the prostaglandin E2 and kinins levels in the blood plasma.Material and methods. Male Wistar rats were used in all experiments. Animals were divided into nine groups. Diuretic activity was investigated according to the technique proposed by E. B. Berchin; urinary electrolyte contents were analyzed by flame photometry. Prostaglandin E2 content was measured by radioimmunoassay using 3H isotopes, kinins – by enzymatic methods. Results. It has been established that in male rats, receiving hydrochlorothiazide, the volume of urine excreted two and four hours after the administration of the drug was by 18% and 17%, respectively, higher as compared to the rats that were given cornflower water extract (P<0.05). The diuretic effect of cornflower water extract was noted in the animal group receiving this extract as compared to the control group: after two hours, the volume of urine excreted increased from 2.03±0.03 mL to 2.44±0.04 mL and after four hours – from 3.88±0.07 mL to 5.35±0.1 mL. Administration of hydrochlorothiazide under the load of salts and water resulted in a higher excretion of sodium and potassium as compared to the effect of cornflower water extract. The highest prostaglandin levels were found in the blood plasma of the animals receiving hydrochlorothiazide. Under the load of salts and water, a 13% and 15% increase, respectively, in the amount of prostaglandins was observed in the animals that were given cornflower water extract compared to the control animals (P<0.05). The greatest increase in the amount of kinins was found in the groups of animals that were given hydrochlorothiazide under the load of salts and water (14% and 22%, respectively). Kinin levels did not differ statistically significantly between the control group and the groups receiving cornflower water extract. Conclusion. Cornflower water extract possesses diuretic activity, but its effect was lower than that of hydrochlorothiazide.

scholarly journals Aqueous Extract of Allium sativum (Linn.) Bulbs Ameliorated Pituitary-Testicular Injury and Dysfunction in Wistar Rats with Pb-Induced Reproductive Disturbances

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiodun O. Ayoka ◽  
Aderonke K. Ademoye ◽  
Christian E. Imafidon ◽  
Esther O. Ojo ◽  
Ayowole A. Oladele
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Congestion ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Testicular Injury ◽  
Toxic Group

AIM: To determine the effects of aqueous extract of Allium sativum bulbs (AEASAB) on pituitary-testicular injury and dysfunction in Wistar rats with lead-induced reproductive disturbances.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups such that the control group received propylene glycol at 0.2 ml/100 g intraperitoneally for 10 consecutive days, the toxic group received lead (Pb) alone at 15 mg/kg/day via intraperitoneal route for 10 days while the treatment groups were pretreated with lead as the toxic group after which they received graded doses of the extract at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day via oral route for 28 days. RESULTS: Pb administration induced significant deleterious alterations in the antioxidant status of the brain and testis, sperm characterization (counts, motility and viability) as well as reproductive hormones (FSH, LH and testosterone) of exposed rats (p < 0.05). These were significantly reversed in the AEASAB-treated groups (p < 0.05). Also, there was marked improvement in the Pb-induced vascular congestion and cellular loss in the pituitary while the observed Pb-induced severe testicular vacuolation was significantly reversed in the representative photomicrographs, following administration of the extract.CONCLUSION: AEASAB treatment ameliorated the pituitary-testicular injury and dysfunction in Wistar rats with Pb-Induced reproductive disturbances.

scholarly journals The effects of aqueous extract of Origanum vulgare on learning and memory in male rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-244
Author(s):  
Ahvan Ghaderi ◽  
Seyed Asaad Karimi ◽  
Fahimeh Talaei ◽  
Siamak Shahidi ◽  
Nafiseh Faraji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Introduction: The effectiveness of antioxidants on learning and memory improvement has been shown, previously. Due to the high level of antioxidants, available in Origanum vulgare, the present experiment aimed to examine the effect of aqueous extract of O. vulgare on passive avoidance learning (PAL) in male Wistar rats. Methods: This study was performed on 30 male Wistar rats weighing 250 to 290 g. The rats were randomly assigned into five groups (n=6), as follows: the control, sham (saline), and three groups treated with different doses of O. vulgare extract (150, 250, and 350 mg/kg). The saline or extract was administered via daily oral gavage for 14 days. The groups were then subjected to the passive avoidance task, and their behaviors were recorded. The rats’ locomotor activity was also measured using the open field test. Results: The number of trials to acquisition was significantly lower in the "O. vulgare (350 mg/ kg)" group than the control group. The step-through latency and the time spent in the dark compartment in the retention test, was significantly higher and lower in the "O. vulgare (250 and 350 mg/kg)" groups than the control group, respectively. No significant differences were found in the distances traveled among the experimental groups in the open field test. Conclusion: Aqueous extract of O. vulgare can enhance learning and memory. The high levels of antioxidants in O. vulgare extract may be responsible for its effectiveness in learning and memory.

Pengaruh Profilaksis Ekstrak Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea batatas L.) terhadap Kadar Malondialdehida Hepar Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan Galur Wistar yang Diinduksi Karagenan

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
BRILIAN DINANTI ◽  
FITRI HANDAJANI
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intraplantar Injection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Potato Extract ◽  
Purple Sweet Potato

<p>Liver is an organ with complex metabolism. When the liver is inflamed, cellular immunity will defend against inflammatory agents by stimulating immune cells to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive ROS accumulation cause oxydative stress with increased  liver malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Some researches showed that purple sweet potato contain flavonoids (anthocyanins) that functioned as antioxydants. This study aimed to show the prophylactic effect of purple sweet potato extract to the liver MDA level of male Wistar rats induced by carrageenan.</p><p>This study used post-only control group method using 18 male Wistar rats divided into 3 groups: group of rats without treatment, group of rats induced by 0,1 ml of 1% carrageenan by intraplantar injection on day-8, and group of rats given with 872 mg/kgBW of purple sweet potato extract for 7 days and induced by 0,1 ml of 1% carrageenan. In the end of the study, the liver MDA levels were measured by Thio-Barbituric Acid method on each groups.</p><p>The results of One-Way ANOVA test showed there was no significant difference (p = 0,290) between group of rats without treatment (<em>x̅</em>= 207,50) and group of rats induced by carrageenan (<em>x̅</em>=233,17). Then, there is no significant difference (p = 0.978) between group of rats induced by carrageenan and group of rats given with prophylactic purple sweet potato extract and induced by carrageenan (<em>x̅</em>= 232,50).</p><p>The conclusion of this study is giving intraplantar injection of carrageenan can increase liver MDA level insignificantly and giving prophylactic purple sweet potato extract has an effect to decrease the liver MDA level of rats induced by carragenan insignificantly because it contains anthocyanins as antioxidants.</p><p> </p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Liver, <em>Ipomoea batatas</em> L., Malondialdehyde, Anthocyanins

scholarly journals Impact of Vanadium Complexes Treatment on the Oxidative Stress Factors in Wistar Rats Plasma

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Francik ◽  
M. Krośniak ◽  
M. Barlik ◽  
A. Kudła ◽  
R. Gryboś ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vanadium Complexes ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of vanadium complexes on triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (Chol), uric acid (UA), urea (U), and antioxidant parameters: nonenzymatic (FRAP—ferric reducing ability of plasma, and reduced glutathione—GSH) and enzymatic (glutathione peroxidase—GPx, catalase—CAT, and GPx/CAT ratio) activity in the plasma of healthy male Wistar rats. Three vanadium complexes: [VO(bpy)2]SO4⋅2H2O, [VO(4,4′Me2bpy)2]SO4⋅2H2O, and Na[VO(O2)2(bpy)]⋅8H2O are administered by gavage during 5 weeks in two different diets such as control (C) and high fatty (F) diets. Changes of biochemical and antioxidants parameters are measured in plasma. All three vanadium complexes statistically decrease the body mass growth in comparison to the control and fatty diet. In plasma GSH was statistically increased in all vanadium complexes-treated rats from control and fatty group in comparison to only control group. Calculated GPX/CAT ratio was the highest in the control group in comparison to others.

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