scholarly journals Reducing Public Health Risk During Disasters: Identifying Social Vulnerabilities

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Wolkin ◽  
Jennifer Rees Patterson ◽  
Shelly Harris ◽  
Elena Soler ◽  
Sherry Burrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
At Risk Populations ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Social Vulnerabilities ◽  
The Impact

Abstract All regions of the US experience disasters which result in a number of negative public health consequences. Some populations have higher levels of social vulnerability and, thus, are more likely to experience negative impacts of disasters including emotional distress, loss of property, illness, and death. To mitigate the impact of disasters on at-risk populations, emergency managers must be aware of the social vulnerabilities within their community. This paper describes a qualitative study which aimed to understand how emergency managers identify social vulnerabilities, also referred to as at-risk populations, in their populations and barriers and facilitators to current approaches. Findings suggest that although public health tools have been developed to aid emergency managers in identifying at-risk populations, they are not being used consistently. Emergency managers requested more information on the availability of tools as well as guidance on how to increase ability to identify at-risk populations.

scholarly journals Quantifying population contact patterns in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis M. Feehan ◽  
Ayesha S. Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
At Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Interpersonal Contact ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Contact Rates ◽  
Contact Patterns ◽  
The Us ◽  
At Risk Populations ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 is transmitted primarily through close, person-to-person interactions. Physical distancing policies can control the spread of SARS-CoV-2 by reducing the amount of these interactions in a population. Here, we report results from four waves of contact surveys designed to quantify the impact of these policies during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. We surveyed 9,743 respondents between March 22 and September 26, 2020. We find that interpersonal contact has been dramatically reduced in the US, with an 82% (95%CI: 80%–83%) reduction in the average number of daily contacts observed during the first wave compared to pre-pandemic levels. However, we find increases in contact rates over the subsequent waves. We also find that certain demographic groups, including people under 45 and males, have significantly higher contact rates than the rest of the population. Tracking these changes can provide rapid assessments of the impact of physical distancing policies and help to identify at-risk populations.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL VULNERABILITY TO THE IMPACT OF FLOOD HAZARD: A CASE STUDY OF KOPILI RIVER BASIN, ASSAM, INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-5 ◽  
pp. 455-460
Author(s):  
S. V. Shiva Prasad Sharma ◽  
P. S. Roy ◽  
V. Chakravarthi
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
The Social ◽  
Vulnerability Indicators ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vulnerable Zones

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In the present study, an attempt is made to understand the impact on Social Vulnerability of the Kopili basin due to various severities of flood hazard. The flood hazard is generated using multi-temporal historical satellite based analysis and integration of annual flood inundation layers. The census of India data of 2001 and 2011 is spatially joined with village database to study the impact at village level. Using 5 Census variables from both Census 2001 &amp;amp; 2011 as vulnerability indicators, the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) is derived and classified into various vulnerable zones namely Low, Moderate and High Vulnerable zones. The findings of the study show that the number of villages falling in Low and High Vulnerable zones had decreased during Census 2011 when compared to 2001 and a rise of 6% in villages falling in moderate vulnerable zones during 2011 is observed. The spatial database generated is useful to understand the impact of floods on the Social Vulnerability status of the basin and can be a useful input to further study the Physical, Economic and Environmental Vulnerabilities of the basin.</p>

Readings in Medical Care

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 752-752
Author(s):  
CHARLES D. MAY
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Reference Material ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Future Position

This is not a book that lends itself to review, but it should be known to those engaged in teaching diverse aspects of pediatrics. As the title implies, it is a collection of readings in medical care. The material covers a wide range of topics on the social and public health aspects of medicine and the hospital, office and home care of patients. It is a useful source of reference material to acquaint the student with his future position in the community and the impact of economic circumstances on medical care.

The Social Survey, the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, and the Beginnings of the US Public Health Service’s Sickness Surveys

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e9
Author(s):  
Mónica García
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Life Insurance ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Life Insurance Company ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Inability To Work ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Metropolitan Life Insurance

The earliest sickness survey of the US Public Health Service, which started in 1915, was the Service’s first socioeconomic study of an industrial community. It was also the first to define illness as a person’s inability to work. The survey incorporated the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company’s definition of illness, which, instead of sickness rates, focused on duration of illness as a proxy of time lost from work. This kind of survey took place in the broader context of the reform movements of the Progressive Era and the social surveys conducted in the United States, which led to the creation of the Federal Commission on Industrial Relations, where the Service’s sickness survey originated. The Service’s focus on the socioeconomic classification of families and definition of illness as the inability to work enabled it to show the strong link between poverty and illness among industrial workers. The leader of the survey, Edgar Sydenstricker, and the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company came up with new ways to measure the health of the population, which also influenced the Service’s studies of the effects of the Great Depression on public health and the National Health Survey of 1935–1936. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print October 28, 2021: e1–e9. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306454 )

Evidence-Based Global Public Health

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincanne Adams
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Populations ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the impact of “evidence-based medicine” (EBM) on global public health. An epistemic transformation in the field of global health is underway, and it argues that the impact of EBM has been twofold: (1) the creation of an experimental metric as a means of providing health care; and (2) a shift in the priorities of caregiving practices in public health such that “people [no longer] come first.” The production of experimental research populations in and through EBM helps constitute larger fiscal transformations in how we do global health. Notably, EBM has created a platform for the buying and selling of truth and reliability, abstracting clinical caregiving from the social relationships on which they depend.

O’Cionnfaola v. the Wellcome Foundation and Daniel McCarthy

2018 ◽  
pp. 126-143
Author(s):  
Michael Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Active Immunization ◽  
Free State ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Immunization Programme ◽  
The Social ◽  
Vaccine Confidence ◽  
The Impact

Chapter six argues that by the end of 1936, the Irish Free State had come close to incepting an operational national anti-diphtheria immunization scheme. This is a noteworthy achievement, as state-backed anti-diphtheria schemes were not introduced as an intervention against this pressing public health issue in the rest of Europe until 1938 and were only pursued with any vigour when wartime conditions exacerbated the problem from 1940 onwards. If it had progressed unimpeded, the Free State intervention seemed destined to eliminate diphtheria, and to become the first established national childhood immunization programme in Europe. However, the death of Siobhán O’Cionnfaola in April 1937, and the subsequent controversy surrounding the Ring incident, asked serious questions of active immunization and ultimately undermined vaccine confidence among parents, practitioners, and politicians. This chapter will evaluate the impact of the Ring controversy and the social, political and medical implications left in the wake of the incident.

Examining social, physical, and environmental dimensions of tornado vulnerability in Texa

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Laura Siebeneck, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Principle Components Analysis ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Vulnerability Model ◽  
The Us ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Us Census

Objective: To develop a vulnerability model that captures the social, physical, and environmental dimensions of tornado vulnerability of Texas counties. Design: Guided by previous research and methodologies proposed in the hazards and emergency management literature, a principle components analysis is used to create a tornado vulnerability index. Data were gathered from open source information available through the US Census Bureau, American Community Surveys, and the Texas Natural Resources Information System.Setting: Texas counties.Results: The results of the model yielded three indices that highlight geographic variability of social vulnerability, built environment vulnerability, and tornado hazard throughout Texas. Further analyses suggest that counties with the highest tornado vulnerability include those with high population densities and high tornado risk.Conclusions: This article demonstrates one method for assessing statewide tornado vulnerability and presents how the results of this type of analysis can be applied by emergency managers towards the reduction of tornado vulnerability in their communities.

scholarly journals COVID-19, Governance, and Conflict: Emerging Impacts and Future Evidence Needs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siân Herbert ◽  
Heather Marquette
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Public Health ◽  
High Income ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Global Nature ◽  
Bodies Of Evidence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low And Middle Income

This paper reviews emerging evidence of the impact of COVID-19 on governance and conflict, using a “governance and conflict first” approach in contrast to other research and synthesis on COVID-19 in the social sciences that tends to be structured through a public health lens. It largely focuses on evidence on low- and middle-income countries but also includes a number of examples from high-income countries, reflecting the global nature of the crisis. It is organised around four cross-cutting themes that have enabled the identification of emerging bodies of evidence and/or analysis: Power and legitimacy; Effectiveness, capacity, and corruption; Violence, unrest, and conflict; and Resilience, vulnerability, and risk. The paper concludes with three over-arching insights that have emerged from the research: (1) the importance of leadership; (2) resilience and what “fixing the cracks” really means; and (3) why better ways are needed to add up all the “noise” when it comes to COVID-19 and evidence.

scholarly journals Analisis Implementasi Kebijakan Sistem Zonasi PPDB Sebagai Upaya Pemerataan Pendidikan Sekolah Menengah Atas Di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melly Permatabella Wijayanti ◽  
Asep Nurjaman
Keyword(s):  
Motivation To Learn ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
The Social ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Student Input ◽  
System F ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the implementation of PPDB zoning system policies as an effort to equalize access to education in DIY and the impact of implementing these policies. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach which is carried out in SMA Negeri 1 Yogyakarta and SMA Negeri 1 Panggang. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and study documentation. Data analysis techniques using data reduction, data presentation, and concluding with the validity test of data using triangulation of sources and techniques. The results showed that: 1) zoning system policy implementation fulfills six Van Meter and Van Horn variables such as: a) zonation system standards and policy objectives in DIY refer to the Disdikpora Regulations on Technical Guidelines for PPDB SMA / SMK Negeri, but not all people understand the contents of the regulation; b) sufficient resources are available with the PPDB committee and supporting infrastructure; c) communication between implementers went smoothly with the socialization as well as WhatsApp and line groups; d) the characteristics of the zoning system in DIY are not purely using zones but rather using the UNBK result values sorted by ranking; e) the disposition of implementors shows that they support the existence of a zoning system but needs to be improved in the system; f) economic conditions in the environment of SMA Negeri 1 Yogyakarta, the average parent of students working as an entrepreneur while in SMA Negeri 1 Bake, the average livelihood of parents as farmers or laborers. 2) Positive impacts of zoning system implementation are equitable student input and increased motivation to learn in favorite schools, while negative impacts can affect the social environment of students and social jealousy.Keywords: zoning system, favorite school, social environmentAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi kebijakan sistem zonasi PPDB sebagai upaya pemerataan akses pendidikan di DIY dan dampak implementasi kebijakan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif jenis deskriptif yang dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 1 Yogyakarta dan SMA Negeri 1 Panggang. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan dengan uji keabsahan data menggunakan trianggulasi sumber dan teknik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) implementasi kebijakan sistem zonasi memenuhi enam variabel Van Meter dan Van Horn seperti: a) standar dan tujuan kebijakan sistem zonasi di DIY mengacu pada Peraturan Disdikpora tentang Juknis PPDB SMA/SMK Negeri, namun tidak semua masyarakat memehami isi dari peraturan tersebut; b) sumber daya yang sudah tercukupi dengan adanya panitia PPDB serta sarana prasarana yang mendukung; c) komunikasi antarpelaksana berjalan lancar dengan adanya sosialisasi serta grup whatsapp dan line; d) karakteristik sistem zonasi di DIY tidak murni menggunakan zona melainkan menggunakan nilai hasil UNBK yang diurutkan menggunakan ranking; e) disposisi implementor menunjukkan bahwa mereka mendukung adanya sistem zonasi namun perlu ada yang diperbaiki dalam sistemnya; f) kondisi ekonomi di lingkungan SMA Negeri 1 Yogyakarta rata-rata orang tua peserta didik bekerja sebagai wirausaha sedangkan di SMA Negeri 1 Panggang rata-rata mata pencaharian orang tua sebagai petani atau buruh. 2) Dampak positif implementasi sistem zonasi yaitu input peserta didik yang merata dan meningkatnya motivasi belajar di sekolah favorit, sedangkan dampak negatif dapat berpengaruh terhadap lingkungan sosial peserta didik dan kecemburuan sosial.Kata Kunci: sistem zonasi, sekolah favorit, lingkungan sosial

scholarly journals The impact of the ZIKA Virus on the reproductive health of Brazilian women, environmental racism and the action for Direct Control of Unconstitutionality (ADI) No. 5581

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-132
Author(s):  
Alexandre Godoy Dotta ◽  
Larissa Ribeiro Tomazoni
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Environmental Racism ◽  
Poor Women ◽  
Social Vulnerabilities ◽  
Basic Infrastructure ◽  
The Right ◽  
Infrastructure Services ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Main Factor

Has the objective of identifying social vulnerabilities on the ZIKAV epidemic that occurred in Brazil in 2015. Search realize the main focuses of social vulnerability and possible impacts of the disease on policies for the promotion of women's reproductive health. Develops by means of the analysis of the official reports of the Ministry of the health of Brazil and of the data presented by the Brazilian Institute of geography and statistics (IBGE). Concludes by pointing to poverty and the lack of basic infrastructure services suitable for the main factor that caused the Brazilian outbreak. Describes how the disease affected mostly northeastern poor women. And weaves considerations of environmental racism and the report by the action of unconstitutionality (ADIN 5.581/2016), notably on the protection and defense of reproductive rights, especially the right to abortion.

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