Author's characters and the character of the author: The typical in fiction

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahir Wood
Keyword(s):  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Fictional Characters ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fictional World ◽  
John Fowles ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

AbstractThis article situates the semantics of fictional characters within a broader framework of authorial communication. It argues that theories of character in the novel will be deficient to the extent that characters are not conceptualised as motivated creations of an author. The influential approach of Georg Lukács effectively excluded the point of view of the author in favour of a direct relationship between the fictional work and processes of history, as an instance of the particular related to the universal. But here it is argued that the notion of the typical should rather be seen as a relation between the social milieu of the authorial experience on the one hand and the figure-ground construction of character on the other. This constitutes part of a project to examine the question of realism on a renewed basis, particularly in terms of the authorial presence within the fictional world, and the case is argued with specific reference to a novel by John Fowles.

KONSEP DIRI “ I “ DAN “ME” TOKOH HIROKO DALAM NOVEL NAMAKU HIROKO KARYA NH.DINI

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Besin Gaspar
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Fictional Character ◽  
Social Customs ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

This research deals with the development of  self concept of Hiroko as the main character in Namaku Hiroko by Nh. Dini and tries to identify how Hiroko is portrayed in the story, how she interacts with other characters and whether she is portrayed as a character dominated by ”I” element or  ”Me”  element seen  from sociological and cultural point of view. As a qualitative research in nature, the source of data in this research is the novel Namaku Hiroko (1967) and the data ara analyzed and presented deductively. The result of this analysis shows that in the novel, Hiroko as a fictional character is  portrayed as a girl whose personality  develops and changes drastically from ”Me”  to ”I”. When she was still in the village  l iving with her parents, she was portrayed as a obedient girl who was loyal to the parents, polite and acted in accordance with the social customs. In short, her personality was dominated by ”Me”  self concept. On the other hand, when she moved to the city (Kyoto), she was portrayed as a wild girl  no longer controlled by the social customs. She was  firm and determined totake decisions of  her won  for her future without considering what other people would say about her. She did not want to be treated as object. To put it in another way, her personality is more dominated by the ”I” self concept.

Optimal Contracting Model in a Social Environment and Trust-Related Psychological Costs

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suren Basov ◽  
M. Ishaq Bhatti
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Optimal Contracting ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Contracting Model

AbstractMost research in contract theory concentrated on the role of incentives in shaping individual behavior. Recent research suggests that social norms also play an important role. From a point of view of a mechanism designer (a principal, a government, and a bank), responsiveness of an agent to the social norms is both a blessing and a curse. On the one hand, it provides the designer with extra instruments, while on the other it puts restrictions on how these new and the more conventional instruments can be used. The main objective of this paper is to investigate this trade-off and study how it shapes different contracts observed in the real world. We consider a model in which agent’s cost of cheating is triggered by the principal’s show of trust. We call such behavior a norm of honesty and trust and show that it drives incentives to be either low powerful or high powerful, eliminating contracts with medium powerful incentives.

Male-Female Characters’ Tenor of Discourse in Akachi Ezeigbo’s The Last of the Strong Ones

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Innocent Sourou Koutchade ◽  
Severin Mehouenou
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Social ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Role Relationships ◽  
The One

<p class="1"><span lang="X-NONE">This article attempts to explore male-female characters’ tenor of discourse in the novel entitled: <em>The Last of the Strong Ones</em> by Akachi Ezeigbo. According to Halliday’s (1978), the tenor of the discourse is the social role relationships played by interactants. It is associated with the grammar of interpersonal meanings which is, in turn, realized through the mood patterns of the grammar. The paper, through the analysis of mood system, modality and vocatives, reveals how male and female characters establish relationships between each other. The tenor of their discourse unveils how women are oppressed by patriarchy on the one hand, as well as how they fight against the system, on the other. From these linguistic choices, the work concludes that there exists an atmosphere of tension, distance, aggression and dominance between some characters of the novel. </span></p>

scholarly journals Paintings That Did Not Become Icons: Pictorial Art in Dostoevsky’s Novels The Insulted and The Injured and The Adolescent

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-165
Author(s):  
Tatyana A. Kasatkina
Keyword(s):  
External World ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Personal Change ◽  
Fictional World ◽  
Spiritual Meaning ◽  
Spiritual World ◽  
Highly Effective

Dostoevsky’s philosophy and theology cannot be extracted from his work in the form of explicit statements; instead, they manifest themselves via a complexly structured figurative text; the author’s strategy consists in stepping back in order to implicitly involve the reader in a process of personal discoveries and personal change. This article focuses on philosophical and theological thoughts in Dostoevsky’s works that are associated with the narratives about paintings which the artist paints against the client’s demand to explicitly express their spiritual meaning. This kind of storyline recurs at least twice in Dostoevsky’s works and appears to be highly effective from a philosophical and theological point of view. In the novel The Insulted and the Injured, it demonstrates what happens “on the other side” of the icon, while in The Adolescent, it serves to reveal the images of the spiritual world in their everyday array and to teach the reader to recognize these images not only within the fictional world of the text but also without, in the external world with which she interacts.

Economy and society: from Parsons through Habermas to semiotic institutionalism

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto Heiskala
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Problem ◽  
Théorie Sociale ◽  
The Social ◽  
Great Transformation ◽  
The One ◽  
Cette Question

English The great transformation to modernity made the economy the major organizing factor of the social synthesis, thus bringing forth the issue of the economy/society relationship as the central problem of modern social theory. This article deals with two broad approaches to this problem: Parsons's and Habermas's variants of structural-functionalism, on the one hand, and various currents of (neo)institutionalism, on the other. An attempt to synthesize the benefits of these conflicting approaches is made from the point of view of semiotic institutionalism. What emerges is a general theoretical framework, which is better equipped than the original structural-functionalist and institutionalist conceptions for the analysis of the economy/society relationship. French Les grandes transformations vers la modernité ont fait de l'économie le principal facteur organisateur de la synthèse sociale, portant sur le devant de la scène la question de la relation économie/société en tant que question centrale de la théorie sociale moderne. L'article s'intéresse à deux grandes approches de cette question: les variantes structuro-fonctionnalistes de Parsons et Habermas d'une part, et divers courants du (néo)institutionnalisme de l'autre. L'auteur s'efforce de faire la synthèse des points forts de ces deux approches conflictuelles du point de vue de l'institutionnalisme sémiotique. Il en émerge un cadre théorique général plus adapté que les conceptions structurofonctionnalistes et institutionnalistes à l'analyse de la relation économie/société.

scholarly journals A view from Slovakia on the study of Russian philosophical narodism (P. L. Lavrov: the discourse of a study and the discourse of a street)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-166
Author(s):  
Ondrej Marchevsky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Outstanding Representative

The paper analyzes Slovakian and Czech studies of the sociological a philosophical views of such Russian narodniks as P.L. Lavrov from a historic point of view and in their rela­tion to some contemporary interpretations. The first part of the paper provides an over­view of Czech and Slovakian works on narodism in Russia. In the second part of the pa­per, the author discusses P.L. Lavrov as an outstanding representative of narodism, whose ideas have not received sufficient attention in the Czech and Slovakian scholarship. The author shows that the study and the street as two places in which Lavrov’s thought devel­oped were two points in the social space within which the former represented theory and the latter represented practice. Lavrov’s discourse of the study is built on objectivity and scientific values, whereas his discourse of the street is characterized by radicalism and in­tolerance to different opinions. This duality in Lavrov’s perspective reflects the duality of his character: on the one hand, he was a scientist and a researcher and, on the other, he was a radical revolutionary.

scholarly journals Gaboriau, Reviewer of the Manners in L’argent Des Autres

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-145
Author(s):  
Virginie Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Detective Novel ◽  
Police Investigation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Of Manners ◽  
The One ◽  
Serial Novel ◽  
Emile Gaboriau

L’Argent des autres (1873) is not a “true” detective novel like Monsieur Lecoq (1868) written by the same author, Émile Gaboriau. The novel appeared in print eight years after the publication of L’Affaire Lerouge, the first French detective novel; however, there is no police investigation; the culprit is known from the first pages. Like his previous novels, La Dégringolade (1871–1872) and La Corde au cou (1872–1873), L’Argent des autres shows an evolution towards the novel of manners in which Gaboriau reveals the failures of the society of his time. Thus, the novel depicts a dark picture of Parisian finance. Furthermore, if there is a criminal in this serial novel, it is a woman! Gaboriau takes his reader into the viscera of the world of money and discloses the social mechanics of those who live off the money of others. Gaboriau denounces the appetites of the morally corrupt society through the description of fictional spaces, such as the Comptoir de crédit mutuel, the office of the newspaper Le Pilote financier, the office of the speculator Lattermann, on the one hand, and of actual emblematic places such as the Bourse, the large boulevards or the Bois de Boulogne on the other

The genres of documentary novel of the “Neue Sachlichkeit” and the problem of cognition

Neophilology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 502-509
Author(s):  
Olga A. Dronova
Keyword(s):  
Literary Text ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Neue Sachlichkeit ◽  
The World ◽  
Documentary Fiction ◽  
The One

We consider genre typology of documentary novels of “Neue Sachlichkeit”: a “report” novel, a “novel of fact” and a documentary montage novel. The proposed classification is based on the different nature of the interaction of narrative and document in these types of novels. In the “report” novel the narration is conducted from the point of view of the observer, the literary text appears as a testimony, the document of an era. The “novel of fact” is based on real documents that are partially or fully integrated into the artistic whole. In the montage novel fragments of doc-umentary material and narrative are connected with each other associatively, resulting in a frag-mentary image of the world. We analyze the novels of 1920s – early 1930s by J. Roth, A. Doeblin, E. Ottwalt, E. Reger, R. Brunngraber and E. Koeppen. We substantiate the conception, that the problem of cognition acquires special importance in the documentary-fiction novels of “Neue Sachlichkeit”. On the one hand, the hero of the novels is trying to understand the changed social reality. On the other hand, documentary-fiction novels of “Neue Sachlichkeit” require special way of reading: they are designed to activate the reader's perception, to teach the reader to recreate a complete picture of reality based on the comparison of different ways of its image: narrative, evi-dence and documents.

Power-organizing and Ethic-thinking as two paralleled praxes in the historical existence of mankind: A semiotic analysis of their functional segregation

Semiotica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (225) ◽  
pp. 313-352
Author(s):  
Youzheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
Internal Link ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
The One

AbstractThis article is dealt with at a historical-strategic level. Historical processes can be functionally divided into two sections: the social-material-directed Power-organizing part and the cultural-spiritual Ethic-thinking part. Thus there exist two corresponding dynamic-operative functions in history, which are guided and impelled by different motivations, methods, and destinations involved in the two functions. The Ethic-practicing praxis has been always performed through the empirical-humanist-rational ways, which today can be more effectively embodied in human sciences to be reorganized by the general-semiotic (GS) strategy. So there are two kinds of human historical courses: the one as the materialist-directed power-organizing part and the other as spiritual-theoretical-directed ethic-reflecting part. From a historical-philosophical point of view, the former is to prepare the material-conditions/means for supporting the latter as the ethic-spiritual mission that is directed towards exploring the meaning/value foundation for human existence. Lacking in the internal link between the two historical-pragmatic functions the ethic-spiritual praxes should manage to find a separate strategy for actively continuing its independent ethic task by dint of wisely/bravely shunning the materialist-determinism issued from the technical/commercialized globalization era.

scholarly journals AUTHENTICITY AND ORIGINALITY IN THE FIRE OF MOHAMMED DIB

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 286-293
Author(s):  
Hachani LOUIZA
Keyword(s):  
French Literature ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The West ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mohammed Dib ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
The One

French-speaking Algerian writers find themselves forced to situate themselves in relation to French literature and their representation of Algerian reality. They are writers who have been specific in their distinction from the literature of the West because they have allowed the reader to discover the national heritage as well as the culture of their country. In order to highlight the richness and the multiplicity of the romantic forms of Africa, our major concern will be center on the sociocritical study of the novel of Dib "The Fire" with the aim of highlighting the social anchoring of the text and extract traces of Algerian culture. This cultural richness is manifested through the anchoring of Islam, the use of expressions referring to the culture of Algerians. Originality is also reflected in the picture he paints of his society in his daily life. The structure of Dib's work reveals close relations with Algerian culture, on the one hand, on the other hand, this orientation of the writing gives it an aesthetic particularity, The return to the sources and the valuation of its identity gives to the Dibien text its authenticity and originality.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document