The impact of general anesthesia on mother-infant bonding for puerperants who undergo emergency cesarean deliveries

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenta Nitahara ◽  
Nobuhiro Hidaka ◽  
Atsuhiko Sakai ◽  
Saki Kido ◽  
Kiyoko Kato
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Outpatient Visit ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Neuraxial Anesthesia ◽  
Cesarean Deliveries ◽  
Emergency Cesarean ◽  
Anesthesia Group ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundMother-infant bonding is an emerging perinatal issue. While emergency cesarean deliveries are associated with a risk of bonding disorders, the mode of anesthesia used for emergency cesarean deliveries has never been studied in this context. We aimed to investigate the impact of administering general anesthesia and neuraxial anesthesia to women undergoing cesarean deliveries on mother-infant bonding.MethodsThis was a retrospective, propensity score-matched multivariable analysis of 457 patients who underwent emergency cesarean deliveries between February 2016 and January 2019 at a single teaching hospital in Japan. The Mother-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS) scores at hospital discharge and the 1-month postpartum outpatient visit were evaluated in the general anesthesia and the neuraxial anesthesia groups. A high score on the MIBS indicates impaired mother-infant bonding.ResultsThe primary outcome was the MIBS score at hospital discharge in propensity score-matched women. After propensity score matching, the median [interquartile range (IQR)] MIBS scores were significantly higher in the general anesthesia group than those in the neuraxial anesthesia group at hospital discharge [2 (1–4) vs. 2 (0–2); P = 0.015] and at the 1-month postpartum outpatient visit [1 (1–3) vs. 1 (0–2); P = 0.046]. In linear regression analysis of matched populations, general anesthesia showed a significant and positive association with the MIBS scores at hospital discharge [beta coefficient 0.867 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.147–1.59); P = 0.019] but not at the 1-month postpartum outpatient visit [0.455 (−0.134 to 1.044); P = 0.129].ConclusionGeneral anesthesia for emergency cesarean delivery is an independent risk factor associated with impaired mother-infant bonding.

scholarly journals Perioperative Comparative Effectiveness of Anesthetic Technique in Orthopedic Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 1046-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavros G. Memtsoudis ◽  
Xuming Sun ◽  
Ya-Lin Chiu ◽  
Ottokar Stundner ◽  
Spencer S. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Joint Arthroplasty ◽  
Neuraxial Anesthesia ◽  
Perioperative Outcomes ◽  
Anesthetic Technique ◽  
Complication Risk ◽  
Comorbidity Burden ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The impact of anesthetic technique on perioperative outcomes remains controversial. We studied a large national sample of primary joint arthroplasty recipients and hypothesized that neuraxial anesthesia favorably influences perioperative outcomes. Methods Data from approximately 400 hospitals between 2006 and 2010 were accessed. Patients who underwent primary hip or knee arthroplasty were identified and subgrouped by anesthesia technique: general, neuraxial, and combined neuraxial–general. Demographics, postoperative complications, 30-day mortality, length of stay, and patient cost were analyzed and compared. Multivariable analyses were conducted to identify the independent impact of choice of anesthetic on outcomes. Results Of 528,495 entries of patients undergoing primary hip or knee arthroplasty, information on anesthesia type was available for 382,236 (71.4%) records. Eleven percent were performed under neuraxial, 14.2% under combined neuraxial–general, and 74.8% under general anesthesia. Average age and comorbidity burden differed modestly between groups. When neuraxial anesthesia was used, 30-day mortality was significantly lower (0.10, 0.10, and 0.18%; P < 0.001), as was the incidence of prolonged (>75th percentile) length of stay, increased cost, and in-hospital complications. In the multivariable regression, neuraxial anesthesia was associated with the most favorable complication risk profile. Thirty-day mortality remained significantly higher in the general compared with the neuraxial or neuraxial–general group for total knee arthroplasty (adjusted odds ratio [OR] of 1.83, 95% CI 1.08–3.1, P = 0.02; OR of 1.70, 95% CI 1.06–2.74, P = 0.02, respectively). Conclusions The utilization of neuraxial versus general anesthesia for primary joint arthroplasty is associated with superior perioperative outcomes. More research is needed to study potential mechanisms for these findings.

Utility of Regional Anesthesia in Extremity Reconstruction

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 053-058
Author(s):  
Joseph S. Weisberger ◽  
Nicholas C. Oleck ◽  
Haripriya S. Ayyala ◽  
Margaret M. Dalena ◽  
Edward S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Regional Anesthesia ◽  
Operative Time ◽  
General Anesthesia Group ◽  
Anesthesia Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Extremity Reconstruction

Background Regional anesthesia (RA) may help to circumvent the well-documented risks associated with general anesthesia, increase patient comfort and satisfaction, and mitigate costs. This study aims to investigate the utility of RA in extremity reconstruction. Methods The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for all cases of extremity reconstruction including muscle, myocutaneous, or fasciocutaneous flaps from 2005 to 2016. Two groups were created based on anesthesia technique, regional/epidural and general. Postoperative complications included reoperation, readmission, and wound complications. Propensity score matching was utilized to control for variation in sample size, significant comorbidities, and demographics in the analysis of complications. Results A total of 2,874 cases were identified with general anesthesia utilized in 2,820 cases and RA in the remaining 54. After propensity score matching, 53 cases were identified in each group. In both unmatched and matched cohorts, there was no statistically significant difference in the rates of reoperation, readmission, or wound complication rates. In the matched cohort, mean operative time in the RA cohort was significantly shorter, 157.64 (±112.36) minutes compared with 293.06 minutes (±201.35 minutes) in the general anesthesia group (p < 0.001). While no statistically significant difference was detected in mean length of stay (LOS) between the two groups, the RA group experienced a clinically significant shorter LOS of 5.77 days (±5.87 days) compared with 7.02 (±5.61) days in the general anesthesia group (p = 0.269). Conclusion RA may be a safe, reasonable alternative to general anesthesia in extremity reconstruction without increase in postoperative complications. Additionally, RA use is associated with a significant reduction in operative time, potentially leading to shorter and safer procedures without compromising outcomes.

scholarly journals Migraine Headaches after Major Surgery with General or Neuraxial Anesthesia: A Nationwide Propensity-Score Matched Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 362
Author(s):  
Chung-Yi Liao ◽  
Chun-Cheng Li ◽  
Hsin-Yi Liu ◽  
Jui-Tai Chen ◽  
Yih-Giun Cherng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Surgical Stress ◽  
Perioperative Period ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Neuraxial Anesthesia ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
Matched Study

Migraine headaches can be provoked by surgical stress and vasoactive effects of anesthetics of general anesthesia in the perioperative period. However, it is unclear whether general anesthesia increases the migraine risk after major surgery. Incidence and risk factors of postoperative migraine are also largely unknown. We utilized reimbursement claims data of Taiwan’s National Health Insurance and performed propensity score matching analyses to compare the risk of postoperative migraine in patients without migraine initially who underwent general or neuraxial anesthesia. Multivariable logistic regressions were applied to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for migraine risk. A total of 68,131 matched pairs were analyzed. The overall incidence of migraine was 9.82 per 1000 person-years. General anesthesia was not associated with a greater risk of migraine compared with neuraxial anesthesia (aORs: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.80–1.09). This finding was consistent across subgroups of different migraine subtypes, uses of migraine medications, and varying postoperative periods. Influential factors for postoperative migraine were age (aOR: 0.99), sex (male vs. female, aOR: 0.50), pre-existing anxiety disorder (aOR: 2.43) or depressive disorder (aOR: 2.29), concurrent uses of systemic corticosteroids (aOR: 1.45), ephedrine (aOR: 1.45), and theophylline (aOR: 1.40), and number of emergency room visits before surgery. There was no difference in the risk of postoperative migraine between surgical patients undergoing general and neuraxial anesthesia. This study identified the risk factors for postoperative migraine headaches, which may provide an implication in facilitating early diagnoses and treatment.

The impact of route of anesthesia on maternal and fetal ischemia modified albumin levels at cesarean section: a prospective randomized study

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-579
Author(s):  
Gamze Sinem Caglar ◽  
Perihan Erdogdu ◽  
Aslı Yarcı Gursoy ◽  
Rabia Şeker ◽  
Selda Demirtas
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Ischemia Modified Albumin ◽  
General Anesthesia Group ◽  
Anesthesia Group ◽  
Fetal Cord Blood ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective: Ischemia modified albumin has been shown to increase in ischemic situations, and has also been shown to increase in fetal cord blood in deliveries by cesarean section. The aim of this study is to reveal whether anesthesia has an impact on maternal and fetal cord ischemia modified albumin levels. Methods: Seventy two women with uncomplicated term pregnancies were randomized to spinal (n=37) or general anesthesia (n=35) groups. The blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and pulse rate of the patients were recorded during the procedure. Maternal blood samples of ischemia modified albumin (IMA) were taken 10 min from the start of the procedure. The fetal cord blood samples of IMA were taken immediately after birth. Results: Maternal (0.99±0.19 vs. 0.80±0.27) and fetal (1.00±0.21 vs. 0.70±0.26) IMA levels were significantly higher in the general anesthesia group. Fetal IMA levels were positively correlated with maternal gravidity (r=0.31; P=0.008), parity (r=0.25; P=0.028), and fetal birth weight (r=0.23, P=0.045). Also, as time from incision to delivery lengthens, fetal IMA levels increase (r=0.29, P=0.012). Conclusion: Fetal cord ischemia modified albumin levels were higher in the general anesthesia group, therefore, it is proposed that regional anesthesia should be the preferred route of anesthesia for an elective cesarean section, at least until the impact of high fetal cord IMA levels are manifested.

scholarly journals Effect of new onset of jaundice on outcomes in patients with sepsis: A population-based propensity score-matched study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desheng Qi ◽  
Fuxing Deng ◽  
Yuhang Ai ◽  
Lina Zhang ◽  
Shuangping Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Sofa Score ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Serum Total Bilirubin ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Background Although jaundice have been associated with mortality in critically ill patients, yet no data from large studies demonstrates its effect in sepsis. The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of jaundice on outcomes in septic patients.Methods Propensity-matched analysis of cohort database from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III), a large database of septic patients at a tertiary care hospital in Boston, Massachusetts (June 2001 to October 2012). Individuals with preexisting jaundice or liver diseases at the time of admission were excluded from analysis. Jaundice was diagnosed in septic patients with total bilirubin levels >2mg/dL at any time during hospitalization. The multivariate Cox was employed to adjust for baseline and confounding parameters.Results A total of 2784 septic patients were enrolled in the study, including 456 patients in jaundice group, and 2328 in non-jaundice group. Before propensity score matching, multivariate Cox hazard analysis showed age [HR 1.029; 95% CI (1.009-1.049); P=0.005], malignancy [HR 3.244; 95% CI (1.729h-6.085); P<0.001], SOFA score [HR 1.179; 95% CI (1.054-1.318); P=0.004], serum total bilirubin at hospital discharge [HR 1.050; 95% CI (1.022-1.079); P<0.001] were the independent risk factors of mortality in sepsis. In 432 pairs after matching according to new presented jaundice status, jaundice group had higher in-hospital mortality (76±17.6 vs. 49±11.3; P=0.012) than non-jaundice group. In multivariate logistic regression model, the only independent risk for jaundice in sepsis was SOFA score [OR 1.314; 95% CI (1.248-1.385); P<0.001], whereas mechanical ventilation [OR 0.310; 95% CI (0.222-0.432); P<0.001], serum platelet [OR 0.998; 95% CI (0.997-1.00); P=0.015] and serum bicarbonate [OR 0.962; 95% CI (0.929-0.996); P=0.030] were jaundice’s independent protective factors.Conclusions New onset of jaundice is associated with higher risk rate of in-hospital mortality in sepsis. In addition, our study demonstrates that serum total bilirubin at hospital discharge is an independent determinant for mortality.

scholarly journals Effect of Obesity on Gestational and Perinatal Outcomes

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (07) ◽  
pp. 330-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sônia Madi ◽  
Rosa Garcia ◽  
Vandrea Souza ◽  
Renato Rombaldi ◽  
Breno Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Fetal Macrosomia ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Cesarean Deliveries ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
The Impact

Purpose To assess the impact of pre-pregnancy obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2) on the gestational and perinatal outcomes. Methods Retrospective cohort study of 731 pregnant women with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 at the first prenatal care visit, comparing them with 3,161 women with a BMI between 18.5 kg/m2 and 24.9 kg/m2. Maternal and neonatal variables were assessed. Statistical analyses reporting the demographic features of the pregnant women (obese and normal) were performed with descriptive statistics followed by two-sided independent Student's t tests for the continuous variables, and the chi-squared (χ2) test, or Fisher's exact test, for the categorical variables. We performed a multiple linear regression analysis of newborn body weight based on the mother's BMI, adjusted by maternal age, hyperglycemic disorders, hypertensive disorders, and cesarean deliveries to analyze the relationships among these variables. All analyses were performed with the R (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) for Windows software, version 3.1.0. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Obesity was associated with older age [OR 9.8 (7.8–12.2); p < 0.01], hyperglycemic disorders [OR 6.5 (4.8–8.9); p < 0.01], hypertensive disorders [OR 7.6 (6.1–9.5); p < 0.01], caesarean deliveries [OR 2.5 (2.1–3.0); p < 0.01], fetal macrosomia [OR 2.9 (2.3–3.6); p < 0.01] and umbilical cord pH [OR 2.1 (1.4–2.9); p < 0.01). Conversely, no association was observed with the duration of labor, bleeding during labor, Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes after birth, gestational age, stillbirth and early neonatal mortality, congenital malformations, and maternal and fetal injury. Conclusion We observed that pre-pregnancy obesity was associated with maternal age, hyperglycemic disorders, hypertension syndrome, cesarean deliveries, fetal macrosomia, and fetal acidosis.

Anesthesia Technique and Mortality after Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty

2016 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 724-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahi Perlas ◽  
Vincent W. S. Chan ◽  
Scott Beattie
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Matched Cohort ◽  
Anesthesia Group

Abstract Background This propensity score–matched cohort study evaluates the effect of anesthetic technique on a 30-day mortality after total hip or knee arthroplasty. Methods All patients who had hip or knee arthroplasty between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2014, were evaluated. The principal exposure was spinal versus general anesthesia. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes were (1) perioperative myocardial infarction; (2) a composite of major adverse cardiac events that includes cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, or newly diagnosed arrhythmia; (3) pulmonary embolism; (4) major blood loss; (5) hospital length of stay; and (6) operating room procedure time. A propensity score–matched-pair analysis was performed using a nonparsimonious logistic regression model of regional anesthetic use. Results We identified 10,868 patients, of whom 8,553 had spinal anesthesia and 2,315 had general anesthesia. Ninety-two percent (n = 2,135) of the patients who had general anesthesia were matched to similar patients who did not have general anesthesia. In the matched cohort, the 30-day mortality rate was 0.19% (n = 4) in the spinal anesthesia group and 0.8% (n = 17) in the general anesthesia group (risk ratio, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.83; P = 0.0045). Spinal anesthesia was also associated with a shorter hospital length of stay (5.7 vs. 6.6 days; P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions The results of this observational, propensity score–matched cohort study suggest a strong association between spinal anesthesia and lower 30-day mortality, as well as a shorter hospital length of stay, after elective joint replacement surgery.

scholarly journals Outcomes among Patients Treated with Renal Replacement Therapy during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-347
Author(s):  
David N. Dado ◽  
Craig R. Ainsworth ◽  
Sarah B. Thomas ◽  
Benjamin Huang ◽  
Lydia C. Piper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
The Impact

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) are modalities used in critically ill patients suffering organ failure and metabolic derangements. Although the effects of CRRT have been extensively studied, the impact of simultaneous CRRT and ECMO is less well described. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence and the impact of CRRT on outcomes of patients receiving ECMO. Methods: A single center, retrospective chart review was conducted for patients receiving ECMO therapy over a 6-year period. Patients who underwent combined ECMO and CRRT were compared to those who underwent ECMO alone. Intergroup ­statistical comparisons were performed using Wilcoxon/Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square tests. Logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors for mortality. Results: The demographic and clinical data of 92 patients who underwent ECMO at our center were reviewed including primary diagnosis, indications for and mode of ECMO support, illness severity, oxygenation index, vasopressor requirement, and presence of acute kidney injury. In those patients that required ECMO with CRRT, we reviewed urine output prior to initiation, modality used, prescribed dose, net fluid balance after 72 h, requirement of renal replacement therapy (RRT) at discharge, and use of diuretics prior to RRT initiation. Our primary endpoint was survival to hospital discharge. During the study period, 48 patients required the combination of ECMO with CRRT. Twenty-nine of these patients survived to hospital discharge. Of the 29 survivors, 6 were dialysis dependent at hospital discharge. The mortality rate was 39.5% with combined ECMO/CRRT compared to 31.4% among those receiving ECMO alone (p = 0.074). Of those receiving combined therapy, nonsurvivors were more likely to have a significantly positive net fluid balance at 72 h (p = 0.001). A multivariate linear regression analysis showed net positive fluid balance and increased age were independently associated with mortality. Conclusions: Use of CRRT is prevalent among patients undergoing ECMO, with over 50% of our patient population receiving combination therapy. Fluid balance appears to be an important variable associated with outcomes in this cohort. Rates of renal recovery and overall survival were higher compared to previously published reports among those requiring combined ECMO/CRRT.

scholarly journals A propensity score analysis of the impact of surgical intervention on unexpected 30-day readmission following admission for subdural hematoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 1008-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynze R. Franko ◽  
Kyle M. Sheehan ◽  
Christopher D. Roark ◽  
Jacob R. Joseph ◽  
James F. Burke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Nonoperative Management ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Inverse Probability ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVESubdural hematoma (SDH) is a common disease that is increasingly being managed nonoperatively. The all-cause readmission rate for SDH has not previously been described. This study seeks to describe the incidence of unexpected 30-day readmission in a cohort of patients admitted to an academic neurosurgical center. Additionally, the relationship between operative management, clinical outcome, and unexpected readmission is explored.METHODSThis is an observational study of 200 consecutive adult patients with SDH admitted to the neurosurgical ICU of an academic medical center. Demographic information, clinical characteristics, and treatment strategies were compared between readmitted and nonreadmitted patients. Multivariable logistic regression, weighted by the inverse probability of receiving surgery using propensity scores, was used to evaluate the association between operative management and unexpected readmission.RESULTSOf 200 total patients, 18 (9%) died during hospitalization and were not included in the analysis. Overall, 48 patients (26%) were unexpectedly readmitted within 30 days. Sixteen patients (33.3%) underwent SDH evacuation during their readmission. Factors significantly associated with unexpected readmission were nonoperative management (72.9% vs 54.5%, p = 0.03) and female sex (50.0% vs 32.1%, p = 0.03). In logistic regression analysis weighted by the inverse probability of treatment and including likely confounders, surgical management was not associated with likelihood of a good outcome at hospital discharge, but was associated with significantly reduced odds of unexpected readmission (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.08–0.49).CONCLUSIONSOver 25% of SDH patients admitted to an academic neurosurgical ICU were unexpectedly readmitted within 30 days. Nonoperative management does not affect outcome at hospital discharge but is significantly associated with readmission, even when accounting for the probability of treatment by propensity score weighted logistic regression. Additional research is needed to validate these results and to further characterize the impact of nonoperative management on long-term costs and clinical outcomes.

Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) dan Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan dengan Pengungkapan Anti Korupsi sebagai Variabel Moderasi

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arief Hidayatullah Khamainy ◽  
Dessy Novitasari Laras Asih
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Csr Disclosure ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact

The research was carried out to find the influence of training material and methods of training toward workability. The study was conducted respectively from an employee of PD BPR Bantul Yogyakarta. The purpose of this research is expected to be useful for stakeholders in seeing CSR disclosure in the company in testing and analyzing its effect on the company's financial performance and with the presence of anti-corruption exposure, whether it will strengthen the impact of CSR disclosure on the company's financial performance. The study population in this study were all mining companies registered on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2018 with a total of 63 companies. The research sample was taken using a random sampling technique that was calculated by the Slovin formula so that 54 samples were obtained for analysis. Linear Regression Analysis and Moderation Regression Analysis were chosen as the analysis technique used in this study. The results show that CSR disclosure does not affect the company's financial performance, and anti-corruption disclosure does not affect the relationship between the two.

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