scholarly journals Appraisal of wheat germplasm for adult plant resistance against stripe rust

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamran Saleem ◽  
Hafiz M. Imran Arshad ◽  
Sajid Shokat ◽  
Babar Manzoor Atta
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Rust Severity ◽  
High Level ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Abstract The resurgence of wheat stripe rust is of great concern for world food security. Owing to resistance breakdown and the appearance of new virulent high-temperature adapted races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), many high yielding commercial varieties in the country lost their yield potential. Searching for new sources of resistance is the best approach to mitigate the problem. Quantitative resistance (partial or adult plant) or durable resistance is reported to be more stable than race specific resistance. In the current perusal, a repertoire of 57 promising wheat lines along with the KLcheck line Morocco, developed through hybridisation and selection of local and international lines with International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) origin, were evaluated under natural field conditions at Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB) during the 2012−2013 and 2013−2014 time periods. Final rust severity (FRS), the area under the rust progress curve (AURPC), the relative area under the rust progress curve (rAURPC), and the coefficient of infection (CI) were unraveled to infer the level of quantitative resistance. Final rust severity was recorded when the susceptible check exhibited 100% severity. There were 21 lines which were immune (no disease), 16 which were resistant, five moderately resistant, two resistant-to-moderately resistant, one moderately resistant-to-moderately susceptible, 5 moderately susceptible-to-susceptible, one moderately susceptible, and six exhibited a susceptible response. Nevertheless, 51 lines exhibited a high level of partial resistance while the three lines, NW-5-1212-1, NW-7-30-1, and NW-7-5 all showed a moderate level of partial resistance based on FRS, while 54 lines, on the basis of AURPC and rAURPC, were identified as conferring a high level of partial resistance. Moreover, adult plant resistance was conferred by 47 wheat lines, based on CI value. It was striking that, 13 immune lines among 21 were derived from parents of CIMMYT origin. Cluster analysis was executed to determine the diversity among the wheat genotypes based on stripe rust resistance and yield parameters. All genotypes were grouped into nine clusters exhibiting a high level of diversity at a 25% linkage distance. There were 29 wheat lines resistant to stripe rust that were grouped into the first three clusters, while 4 high-yielding lines were in Cluster VIII. The susceptible check, Morocco, was separated from rest of lines and fell in the last cluster i.e. Cluster IX. Based on the results, inter-crossing immune/ resistant lines is recommended, and with high yielding lines − it is also recommended that cultivars with improved disease resistance and yield potential be developed.

scholarly journals Disease Resistance and Biomass Stability of Forage Pearl Millet Hybrids with Partial Rust Resistance

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
pp. 733-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Wilson ◽  
R. N. Gates
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Rust Severity ◽  
Days After Anthesis ◽  
Plot Design

The expression of partial resistance to Puccinia substriata var. indica and its contribution to digestible biomass production in forage pearl millet hybrids were evaluated in field experiments at Tifton, GA. Inbreds Tift 383, Tift 65, and nine inbreds with partial resistance selected from the cross Tift 383 × ‘ICMP 501’ were crossed to Tift 23DA4. The parental inbreds and hybrids were evaluated in natural epidemics in 1996 and 1997. Because of maturity differences among the lines, slope of the regression of logit rust severity on time (apparent infection rate) and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) calculated for a defined interval of plant growth (10 days before to 20 days after anthesis) and adjusted for initial rust severity at 10 days prior to anthesis were the most useful indicators of resistance. Inbred resistance was not a reliable predictor of hybrid resistance when evaluated by either variable. Hybrids were evaluated for biomass production in 1996 and 1997 in a split-plot design, with hybrids as main plots and nontreated or chlorothalonil fungicide-treated as subplots. Differences existed among hybrids for AUDPC and for digestible dry matter yield (DDMY) and its components. Over all hybrids, the response between DDMY and final rust severity was described by logarithmic regression. Two clusters of hybrids were identified by cluster analysis of disease-related data from both experiments. The cluster of susceptible hybrids tended to have a lower DDMY and were less stable over year × treatment environments than the cluster of partially resistant hybrids. Lodging in nontreated plots in 1997 primarily occurred in susceptible hybrids. Although resistance was expressed in certain hybrids, greater levels of partial resistance are needed to provide adequate protection against DDMY losses.

scholarly journals Components of Quantitative Resistance to Philippine Downy Mildew In Maize

Zuriat ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ruswandi ◽  
A. D. Raymundo ◽  
R. M. Lantican ◽  
D. M. Hautea ◽  
A. M. Salazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Transgressive Segregation ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Systemic Symptoms ◽  
Line P

Resistance to Philippine downy mildew (Peronosclerospora philippinensis) was observed in a BC1F2 population developed from a cross between the susceptible inbred line Pi 23 and the resistant inbred line P 345. Five components of resistance namely, disease incidence, disease severity, onset of systemic symptoms, the-area- underdisease-progress- curve (AUDPC), and rate of downy mildew development affected host resistance reactions. All components were significantly correlated. The adult plant resistant reaction was evident in resistant progenies showing prolonged onset of systemic symptoms. Transgressive segregation that exceeded the high and low parent values was also observed for all components of quantitative resistance to Philippine downy mildew.

scholarly journals Screening of Wheat Genotypes Against Leaf Rust Under Artificial and Natural Environmental Condition

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Type Response

Rust diseases are considered to be responsible for significant qualitative and quantitative damages on wheat. However, the severity of rust diseases can be managed through development of resistant lines. The present study was aimed to scrutinize existing wheat germplasm against leaf rust and stripe rust of wheat. For this purpose 30 wheat genotypes were assessed for disease resistance under artificial inoculation conditions and 16 genotypes were evaluated under natural conditions at Nuclear Institute for Agriculture (NIA), Tandojam, Pakistan. The disease severity ratings were taken according to Cobs’scale. The studies revealed that wheat genotypes were markedly differed in their resistance to leaf and stripe rust. Among the tested wheat lines / varieties, 6 were rated as resistant, 6 moderately resistant, 13 showed MRMS type response, 2 showed moderately susceptible reaction, 3 lines/varieties displayed susceptible response against leaf rust under artificial conditions. Moreover, under natural conditions 1 was rated as resistant, 2 showed MRMS type response against leaf rust and all were found resistant or immune against stripe rusts under both the conditions. Hence, it was suggested that resistant genotypes evaluated from these studies can be deployed in the future breeding strategies to evolve the resistant varieties against leaf & stripe rusts of wheat

Map-based cloning of the novel stripe rust resistance gene YrG303 and its use to engineer 1B chromosome with multiple beneficial traits

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzion Fahima ◽  
Jorge Dubcovsky
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Bac Library ◽  
Wild Emmer ◽  
Stripe Rust Resistance ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Beneficial Traits ◽  
High Level

Research problem: Bread wheat (Triticumaestivum) provides approximately 20% of the calories and proteins consumed by humankind. As the world population continues to increase, it is necessary to improve wheat yields, increase grain quality, and minimize the losses produced by biotic and abiotic stresses. Stripe rust, caused by Pucciniastriiformisf. sp. tritici(Pst), is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat. The new pathogen races are more virulent and aggressive than previous ones and have produced large economic losses. A rich source for stripe-rust resistance genes (Yr) was found in wild emmer wheat populations from Israel. Original Project goals: Our long term goal is to identify, map, clone, characterize and deploy in breeding, novel wild emmer Yr genes, and combine them with multiple beneficial traits. The current study was aiming to map and clone YrG303 and Yr15, located on chromosome 1BS and combine them with drought resistance and grain quality genes. Positional cloning of YrG303/Yr15: Fine mapping of these genes revealed that YrG303 is actually allelic to Yr15. Fine genetic mapping using large segregating populations resulted in reduction of the genetic interval spanning Yr15 to less than 0.1 cM. Physical mapping of the YrG303/Yr15 locus was based on the complete chromosome 1BS physical map of wheat constructed by our group. Screening of 1BS BAC library with Yr15 markers revealed a long BAC scaffold covering the target region. The screening of T. dicoccoidesaccession-specific BAC library with Yr15 markers resulted in direct landing on the target site. Sequencing of T. dicoccoidesBAC clones that cover the YrG303/Yr15 locus revealed a single candidate gene (CG) with conserved domains that may indicate a role in disease resistance response. Validation of the CG was carried out using EMS mutagenesis (loss-of- function approach). Sequencing of the CG in susceptible yr15/yrG303 plants revealed three independent mutants that harbour non-functional yr15/yrG303 alleles within the CG conserved domains, and therefore validated its function as a Pstresistance gene. Evaluation of marker-assisted-selection (MAS) for Yr15. Introgressions of Yr15 into cultivated wheat are widely used now. Recently, we have shown that DNA markers linked to Yr15 can be used as efficient tools for introgression of Yr15 into cultivated wheat via MAS. The developed markers were consistent and polymorphic in all 34 tested introgressions and are the most recommended markers for the introgression of Yr15. These markers will facilitate simultaneous selection for multiple Yr genes and help to avoid escapees during the selection process. Engineering of improved chromosome 1BS that harbors multiple beneficial traits. We have implemented the knowledge and genetic resources accumulated in this project for the engineering of 1B "super-chromosome" that harbors multiple beneficial traits. We completed the generation of a chromosome including the rye 1RS distal segment associated with improved drought tolerance with the Yr gene, Yr15, and the strong gluten allele 7Bx-over-expressor (7Bxᴼᴱ). We have completed the introgression of this improved chromosome into our recently released variety Patwin-515HP and our rain fed variety Kern, as well as to our top breeding lines UC1767 and UC1745. Elucidating the mechanism of resistance exhibited by Yr36 (WKS1). The WHEAT KINASE START1 (WKS1) resistance gene (Yr36) confers partial resistance to Pst. We have shown that wheat plants transformed with WKS1 transcript are resistant to Pst. WKS1 is targeted to the chloroplast where it phosphorylates the thylakoid-associatedascorbateperoxidase (tAPX) and reduces its ability to detoxify peroxides. Based on these results, we propose that the phosphorylation of tAPX by WKS1 reduces the ability of the cells to detoxify ROS and contributes to cell death. Distribution and diversity of WKS in wild emmer populations. We have shown that WKS1 is present only in the southern distribution range of wild emmer in the Fertile Crescent. Sequence analysis revealed a high level of WKS1 conservation among wild emmer populations, in contrast to the high level of diversity observed in NB-LRR genes. This phenomenon shed some light on the evolution of genes that confer partial resistance to Pst. Three new WKS1 haplotypes displayed a resistance response, suggesting that they can be useful to improve wheat resistance to Pst. In summary, we have improved our understanding of cereals’ resistance mechanisms to rusts and we have used that knowledge to develop improved wheat varieties. 

scholarly journals Development, Validation, and Re-selection of Wheat Lines with Pyramided Genes Yr64 and Yr15 Linked on the Short Arm of Chromosome 1B for Resistance to Stripe Rust

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanmin Qie ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Meinan Wang ◽  
Xing Li ◽  
Deven R. See ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Genotype Data ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Line ◽  
Individual Gene ◽  
High Level ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Selection Of

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat worldwide. The disease is most preferably managed by developing and growing cultivars with high-level, durable resistance. To achieve high-level and long-lasting resistance, we developed a wheat line, RIL-Yr64/Yr15, by pyramiding Yr64 and Yr15, both on the chromosome 1BS and providing high resistance to all tested Pst races. To validate RIL-Yr64/Yr15 possessing both genes, we crossed it to Avocet S (AvS). The F4 RILs from this cross were phenotyped with Pst races under controlled greenhouse conditions and also under natural Pst infection in the field. The population was genotyped with SSR markers previously reported to be linked to the resistance gene loci and with additional SSR and SNP-KASP markers along chromosome 1B. Both phenotype and genotype data confirmed the copresence of Yr64 and Yr15 in RIL-Yr64/Yr15, and the high-resolution linkage map dissected the chromosomal regions and traced their origins. New lines possessing these genes were selected from the F5 population of cross AvS × RIL-Yr64/Yr15 by marker-assisted selection. These lines with the two highly effective genes should be more useful than individual gene lines for developing high-level, durable resistant wheat cultivars.

scholarly journals Powdery Mildew Resistance of the Lithuanian Winter Wheat Breeding Material

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Žilvinas Liatukas ◽  
Vytautas Ruzgas
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Wheat Lines

Powdery Mildew Resistance of the Lithuanian Winter Wheat Breeding Material At the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, during 2004-2006, resistance to powdery mildew of approximately 1,500 winter wheat lines was assessed in check and competitive trial nurseries. Our experimental evidence showed that there were no genotypes with effective resistance singlegenes among the lines tested. Effective powdery mildew resistance from start to end of vegetation season depended on the quantitative resistance level. The most resistant lines were evaluated with a score of 2 and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) values ranging between 1.0-5.4. The most susceptible genotypes from the collection nurseries had score 8-9 and AUDPC values ranging between 1350-2220. The correlations between maximal disease severity and AUDPC values were strong (r = 0.79-0.92). Genotypes with AUDPC values up to 10 represented 93 lines or 7% in the check trial nursery and 22 lines or 9% in the competitive trial nursery. Lines evaluated with a score 4-5 and AUDPC value 100-300 dominated in 2004. In the next year the dominant genotypes had resistance scores 3-4 and AUDPC value 50-200. The highest powdery mildew resistance (score 2 and AUDPC value 1.0) was identified for the lines Maverich/Victo, Flair/Lut.9392, Strumok/Lut.9321, Zentos/Lut.97-6, Strumok/Lut.9313, Dirigent/Cortez in 2006.

Stripe rust resistance among western Canadian spring wheat and triticale varieties

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Randhawa ◽  
B. J. Puchalski ◽  
M. Frick ◽  
A. Goyal ◽  
T. Despins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Stripe Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Plant Resistance Gene ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Randhawa, H., Puchalski, B. J., Frick, M., Goyal, A., Despins, T., Graf, R. J., Laroche, A. and Gaudet, D. A. 2012. Stripe rust resistance among western Canadian spring wheat and triticale varieties. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 713–722. Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend.) is an important pathogen of wheat in western Canada and worldwide. One hundred and four spring wheat and triticale varieties and cultivars were evaluated for resistance to stripe rust in nurseries at Lethbridge and Creston, BC, during 2009 and 2010. In the Canada Prairie Spring Red (CPSR) wheat class, newer varieties were more resistant compared with many of the older varieties. Among the white Canada Prairie Spring White (CPSW) wheats, Vista was moderately resistant, whereas Snowhite475 and Snowhite476 were susceptible. Little useful resistance was observed within the Canada Western Hard White Spring (CWHWS) class. Sixty percent of the Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheats, including the currently popular varieties Lillian, Harvest and Kane, were resistant. Susceptible CWRS varieties that are extensively seeded in western Canada include AC Barrie, Superb and McKenzie, but also include the recently registered CDC Kernen and Vesper. The varieties were tested for the presence of the stripe rust genes Yr10, Yr17, Yr18 and Yr36 using molecular markers. Much of the stripe rust resistance, particularly in the CWRS, Canada Western Extra Strong (CWES), and CPSR wheat classes was attributed to the presence of adult plant resistance gene Yr18. Yr17 and Yr36 were also detected among CWRS and CWES varieties. However, the absence of markers for known genes in several resistant varieties indicated that uncharacterized genes for stripe rust occur among hexaploid wheats. Durum wheat and triticale varieties were universally resistant with the absence of tested markers. Therefore, there appear to be numerous sources of stripe rust resistance, both characterized and uncharacterized, among western Canadian spring wheat and triticale varieties.

scholarly journals Adaptability and stability of soybean advanced lines of semi early cycle for rust resistance

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Araújo Santos Martins ◽  
Fernando Cézar Juliatti
Keyword(s):  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Rust Severity ◽  
The Mean

This research work was carried out to verify the adaptability and phenotypic stability of soybean inbred lines of semi early cycle, using rust severity as the selection trait for partial resistance. The strains were evaluated during the growing seasons of 2007/08 and 2008/09, in the locations of Uberlândia and Uberaba, MG, Campo Alegre de Goiás and Senador Canedo, GO, using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Rust severity was evaluated by visual assessment of the leaflets at the medial third of five plants in each plot. By using disease severity, it was estimated: the mean absolute rate of disease progress (r), the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) and the partial resistance factor (PRF). Adaptability and stability of the strains were estimated by the methods proposed by Eberhart and Russell, as well as by the AMMI method. It was found that the strains which were the most resistant to rust, in general, also showed the best adaptability and stability.

scholarly journals Leaf Rust and Stem Rust Resistance in Triticum dicoccoides Populations in Israel

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Anikster ◽  
J. Manisterski ◽  
D. L. Long ◽  
K. J. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Triticum Dicoccoides ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
Rust Severity ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Field Plots

A total of 742 single plant accessions of Triticum dicoccoides were collected from 26 locations in Israel. All accessions were evaluated for leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) resistance in field plots at Tel Aviv, and subsets of 284 and 468 accessions were tested in the greenhouse in Tel Aviv and St. Paul, MN, respectively, for seedling resistance to leaf rust; 460 accessions were also tested for seedling resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) in St. Paul. One accession was highly resistant to leaf rust in seedling tests in Tel Aviv, and 21 others had moderately susceptible to moderately resistant seedling resistance. Four accessions were highly resistant to leaf rust in seedling tests in St. Paul, and 11 were resistant to at least one stem rust race. Adult resistance to leaf rust was more common than seedling resistance among the accessions; 21 accessions had less than 25% leaf rust severity in field plots compared with 80 to 90% severity for highly susceptible accessions. Most of the accessions with effective adult plant resistance came from two nearby locations in Upper Galilee, a region where populations of T. dicoccoides are most extensive and genetically diverse. These accessions may provide valuable new partial resistance genes for durable protection against leaf rust in cultivated wheat.

scholarly journals Durability of Adult Plant Resistance Gene Yr18 in Partial Resistance Behavior of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Genotypes with Different Degrees of Tolerance to Stripe Rust Disease, Caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici: A Five-Year Study

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2262
Author(s):  
Ghady E. Omar ◽  
Yasser S. A. Mazrou ◽  
Mohammad K. EL-Kazzaz ◽  
Kamal E. Ghoniem ◽  
Mammduh A. Ashmawy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Slow Rusting

Adult plant resistance in wheat is an achievement of the breeding objective because of its durability in comparison with race-specific resistance. Partial resistance to wheat stripe rust disease was evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions during the period from 2016 to 2021. Misr 3, Sakha 95, and Giza 171 were the highest effective wheat genotypes against Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici races. Under greenhouse genotypes, Sakha 94, Giza 168, and Shandaweel1 were moderately susceptible, had the longest latent period and lowest values of the length of stripes and infection frequency at the adult stage. Partial resistance levels under field conditions were assessed, genotypes Sakha 94, Giza 168, and Shandaweel1 exhibited partial resistance against the disease. Leaf tip necrosis (LTN) was noted positively in three genotypes Sakha 94, Sakha 95, and Shandaweel1. Molecular analyses of Yr18 were performed for csLV34, cssfr1, and cssfr2 markers. Only Sakha 94 and Shandaweel1 proved to carry the Yr18 resistance allele at both phenotypic and genotypic levels. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observed that the susceptible genotypes were colonized extensively on leaves, but on the slow-rusting genotype, the pustules were much less in number, diminutive, and poorly sporulation, which is similar to the pustule of NIL Jupateco73 ‘R’.

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