Bacterial flora associated with diseased freshwater ornamental fish

AbstractIntroduction:Ornamental fish can suffer from different bacterial diseases. Among them the most prevalent are infections caused byAeromonas, Shewanella, Citrobacter, Plesiomonas, Edwardsiella, andPseudomonas.But there is a broad spectrum of rarely identified bacteria which may be causative agents of diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the species of bacteria pathogenic for fish which are prevalent in aquariums.Material and Methods:Bacteria were isolated from infected ornamental fish from pet shops and private aquariums in the Lublin region in 2015 and classified to species using MALDI-TOF MS.Results:A total of 182 isolates from ornamental fish were identified. The most frequent bacteria found in diseased fish wereAeromonas veronii(30.8% of total number of strains),A. hydrophila(18.7%),Shewanella putrefaciens(7.1%),Citrobacter freundii(7.1%),Pseudomonas spp. (7.1%),Shewanella baltica(4.9%), andPlesiomonas shigelloides(3.3%).Conclusion:Isolated bacterial species are facultative pathogens for fish and humans and may be isolated from fish without apparent symptoms of the disease.

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A New Outbreak in Sea Bass Farming in Turkey: Aeromonas veronii

Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society ◽

10.12681/jhvms.28486 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 3051

Author(s):

T TANSEL TANRIKUL ◽

E DINÇTÜRK

Keyword(s):

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Aegean Sea ◽

Sea Bass ◽

Economic Loss ◽

The Body ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Preventive Strategy ◽

Bacterial Diseases ◽

Aeromonas Veronii ◽

Diseased Fish

Turkey produces most of the European sea bassin Europe and bacterial diseases are the main cause of economic loss during the production cycle. This research presents the first extended study of the Aeromonas veronii infection in sea bass on the Turkish coast of the Aegean Sea. An outbreak was observed in three different sea bass farms and diseased fish with clinical symptoms were sampled. Abdominal distention, hemorrhages on the body and anus, enlarged spleen and liver, and hemorrhages in the internal organs were detected from clinical and pathological examinations. Biochemical and molecular identification confirmed the pathogen to be A.veronii.The histopathological observations demonstrated that the pathogen caused bacterial colonies in the fibrous connective tissue, granuloma, and vacuolar degeneration.The primary causes of the disease were proved through an infection experiment. 80% and 90% mortality were calculated in 0.85 x 108 CFU ml-1 and 1.28 x 108 CFU ml-1 experimentally infected groups with clinical and pathological signs of the disease respectively. Recently, the pathological symptoms of the disease had been confused with pasteurellosis infection in cage farms but the presence of A.veronii has been confirmed in the current study. A detailed study is needed to investigate the overall status of the disease in the Aegean Sea in order to design an appropriate preventive strategy.

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Refinement of microbiota analysis of specimens from patients with respiratory infections using next-generation sequencing

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-98985-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hiroaki Ikegami ◽

Shingo Noguchi ◽

Kazumasa Fukuda ◽

Kentaro Akata ◽

Kei Yamasaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Next Generation Sequencing ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Lung Abscess ◽

Next Generation ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Sanger Method ◽

Generation Sequencing

AbstractNext-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have been applied in bacterial flora analysis. However, there is no standardized protocol, and the optimal clustering threshold for estimating bacterial species in respiratory infection specimens is unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the optimal threshold for clustering 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) by comparing the results of NGS technology with those of the Sanger method, which has a higher accuracy of sequence per single read than NGS technology. This study included 45 patients with pneumonia with aspiration risks and 35 patients with lung abscess. Compared to Sanger method, the concordance rates of NGS technology (clustered at 100%, 99%, and 97% homology) with the predominant phylotype were 78.8%, 71.3%, and 65.0%, respectively. With respect to the specimens dominated by the Streptococcus mitis group, containing several important causative agents of pneumonia, Bray Curtis dissimilarity revealed that the OTUs obtained at 100% clustering threshold (versus those obtained at 99% and 97% thresholds; medians of 0.35, 0.69, and 0.71, respectively) were more similar to those obtained by the Sanger method, with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Clustering with 100% sequence identity is necessary when analyzing the microbiota of respiratory infections using NGS technology.

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Symbiosis of Aeromonas veronii Biovar sobria and Hirudo medicinalis, the Medicinal Leech: a Novel Model for Digestive Tract Associations

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.67.1.1-7.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

Joerg Graf

Keyword(s):

Digestive Tract ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Variable Region ◽

Medicinal Leech ◽

Hirudo Medicinalis ◽

Bacterial Growth Rate ◽

Culturable Bacterium ◽

Aeromonas Veronii

ABSTRACT Hirudo medicinalis, the medicinal leech, is applied postoperatively in modern medicine. Infections by Aeromonasoccur in up to 20% of patients unless a preemptive antibiotic treatment is administered. The associated infections demonstrate the need for a better understanding of the digestive tract flora ofH. medicinalis. Early studies reported the presence of a single bacterial species in the digestive tract and suggested that these bacteria were endosymbionts contributing to the digestion of blood. In this study, we cultivated bacteria from the digestive tract and characterized them biochemically. The biochemical test results identified the isolates as Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria. This species identification was supported by sequence comparison of a variable region of the genes coding for 16S rRNA. In a colonization assay, a rifampin-resistant derivative of a symbiotic isolate was fed in a blood meal to H. medicinalis. The strain colonized the digestive tract rapidly and reached a concentration similar to that of the native bacterial flora. For the first 12 h, the in vivo doubling time was 1.2 h at 23°C. After 12 h, at a density of 5 × 107 CFU/ml, the increase in viable counts ceased, suggesting a dramatic reduction in the bacterial growth rate. Two human fecal isolates, identified as Aeromonas hydrophila and A. veronii biovar sobria, were also able to colonize the digestive tract. These data demonstrate that the main culturable bacterium in the crop of H. medicinalis isA. veronii biovar sobria and that the medicinal leech can be used as a model for digestive tract association ofAeromonas species.

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The Diversity of Causative Agent Associated With Bacterial Diseases on Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) with Molecular Based from Demak, Indonesia

Omni-Akuatika ◽

10.20884/1.oa.2018.14.2.553 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Sarjito Sarjito ◽

A. Harjuno Condro Haditomo ◽

Desrina Desrina ◽

Restiana Ariyati ◽

S. Budi Prayitno

Keyword(s):

16S Rdna ◽

Causative Agent ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Bacterial Diseases ◽

Aeromonas Veronii ◽

Experiment Method ◽

Causative Agents ◽

External Wound ◽

Test Result ◽

Rdna Analysis

Bacterial diseases is frequently occur in catfish culture. The aim of this research was to find out the diversity of causative agent associated with bacterial diseases in catfish based on 16S rDNA gene sequences. The combination between exploratory in the field and experiment, method were applied. Seventeen isolates (D01–D17) were gained from kidney and external wound of moribound catfish with NA and GSP medium that were collected from fish pond of Demak Regency, Indonesia. Based on the postulat results showed that four isolates (D07, D10, D11 and D14) that were caused 10–55% of fishes get sick and 0–30% fishes mortal. On the other hand, there were 13 isolates do not cause both sick and mortality of fish. On the basis of sequence 16S rDNA analysis, the result showed that D07, D10, D11 and D14 were closely related to Aeromonas caviae (96%), Aeromonas veronii (97%.), Plesiomonas shigelloides (97%) and Pseudomonas putida (96%) respectively. The sensitivity test result indicated that these causative agents have not sensitively to some fish drugs test.

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Effectiveness of 0.66% Povidone-Iodine Eye Drops on Ocular Surface Flora before Cataract Surgery: A Nationwide Microbiological Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10102198 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2198

Author(s):

Rosario Musumeci ◽

Pasquale Troiano ◽

Marianna Martinelli ◽

Matteo Piovella ◽

Claudio Carbonara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cataract Surgery ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Povidone Iodine ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Contralateral Eye

A multicenter, nonrandomized, prospective, controlled study was conducted to evaluate, as perioperative prophylactic treatment, the anti-infective effectiveness of 0.66% povidone-iodine eye drops (IODIM®) against the bacterial flora of the conjunctival surface of patients who undergo cataract surgery. Eye drops containing 0.66% povidone-iodine were applied to the eye undergoing cataract surgery; the untreated contralateral eye was used as control. One hundred and twenty patients set to receive unilateral cataract surgery were enrolled in 5 Italian Ophthalmology Centers and pretreated for three days with 0.66% povidone-iodine eye drops. The contralateral eye, used as control, was left untreated. Conjunctival swabs of both eyes were collected at the baseline visit and after three days of treatment, just before the cataract surgery. A qualitative and quantitative microbiological analysis of bacterial presence was evaluated by means of bacterial culture, followed by identification. Methicillin resistance determination was also performed on staphylococci isolates. Bacterial load before and after treatment of the eye candidate for cataract surgery was evaluated and compared to the untreated eye. A reduction or no regrowth on the culture media of the bacterial load was observed in 100% of the study subjects. A great heterogenicity of bacterial species was found. The 0.66% povidone-iodine eye drops, used for three days prior to cataract surgery, were effective in reducing the conjunctival bacterial load. The 0.66% povidone-iodine eye drops (IODIM®) might represent a valid perioperative prophylactic antiseptic adjuvant treatment to protect the ocular surface from microbial contamination in preparation of the surgical procedure.

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Scuticociliatosis caused by Uronema sp. in ten different ornamental aquarium reef fish in Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612019104 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Pedro Henrique Magalhães Cardoso ◽

Luisa Zanolli Moreno ◽

Andrea Micke Moreno ◽

Simone de Carvalho Balian ◽

Carolina Helena de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reef Fish ◽

Inflammatory Process ◽

Ornamental Fish ◽

The Body ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Histopathological Analysis ◽

Vacuolar Degeneration ◽

Diseased Fish ◽

Ulcerative Lesions ◽

Severity Of The Disease

Abstract Scuticociliatosis, caused by an opportunistic ciliate protozoan, is responsible for significant economic losses in marine ornamental fish. This study reports the occurrence of Uronema spp., parasitizing ten species of marine reef fish at an ornamental fish wholesaler: Blue green damselfish (Chromis viridis), Vanderbilt’s Chromis (Chromis vanderbilti), Pennant coralfish (Heniochus acuminatus), Threespot angelfish (Apolemichthys trimaculatus), Goldspotted angelfish (Apolemichthys xanthopunctatus), Sea goldie (Pseudanthias squamipinnis), Orchid dottyback (Pseudochromis fridmani), Threadfin butterflyfish (Chaetodon auriga), Vagabond butterflyfish (Chaetodon vagabundus), and Bluecheek butterflyfish (Chaetodon semilarvatus). Diseased fish showed disorders such as hemorrhages and ulcerative lesions on the body surface. Histopathological analysis of the muscle, liver, gut, kidney, spleen, gills, and stomach revealed hemorrhages and degeneration of muscle fiber, vacuolar degeneration of hepatocyte, inflammatory process and granuloma in the liver, atrophy of intestinal villi, inflammatory process and granuloma in the kidney, melanomacrophage centers, as well as inflammatory process in the spleen, epithelial cells hyperplasia and granuloma formation in the gills, and vacuolar degeneration and eosinophils in the stomach. Due to the severity of the disease, it is necessary to implement biosecurity measures with rapid and accurate diagnosis to minimize the risk of economic losses caused by Uronema spp.

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BACTERICIDAL FUNCTION OF HUMAN POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.50.2.264 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 264-270

Author(s):

Paul G. Quie

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Chronic Granulomatous Disease ◽

Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Granulomatous Disease ◽

Serum Factors ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

Serum from most normal persons contains specific antibodies which react with common bacterial species preparing their surfaces so that phagocytosis by leukocytes can take place. The Fab part of these antibodies reacts with immunologic specificity with antigens on the surface of bacteria. Another part of the immunoglobulin molecule termed the Fc portion is activated during the attachment of the Fab portion to bacteria and becomes a site for attachment of bacteria to receptors on the surface of phagocytic cells. This activity is greatly amplified by heat-labile serum factors. Normally bacteria are rapidly killed by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes after engulfment occurs. However staphylococci and gram-negative species of bacteria survive in the leukocytes of patients with the syndrome "Chronic Granulomatous Disease of Childhood." These patients have suffered recurrent severe infections with bacterial species that are part of the body's resident bacterial flora. By contrast these patients are not at increased risk to infection from such pyogenic bacterial species as group A streptococci or pneumococci. The leukocytes from patients with chronic granulomatous disease produce little hydrogen peroxide during phagocytosis. Catalase-producing staphylococci and gram-negative bacteria are not killed, but hydrogen peroxide-producing streptococci and pneumococci are killed. A normal metabolic response to phagocytosis as well as release of lysosonial factors are essential for the bactericidal activity of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

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Prevalence and Clinicomycological studies of Otomycosis: A review

Journal of Bio-Science ◽

10.3329/jbs.v28i0.44718 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 121-135

Author(s):

KK Nipa ◽

AHM Kamal ◽

A Imtiaj

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Species ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Research Needs ◽

Predisposing Factor ◽

Global Context ◽

Education Improvement ◽

The World ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Socioeconomic Status And Health

Otomycosis is a chronic ear disease of external auditory canal and it is more prevalent in warm, humid and dusty environment, although it is now found throughout the world. The most commonly found causative agents as of fungal species are Aspergillus and Candida along with preponderance of various fungal and bacterial species has also been reported. The aim of this review is to focus on the prevalence of causal agents of otomycosis in the global context and its clinical management. A total of 63 research articles have been reviewed, which deals prevalence of otomycosis. Its clinicomycological studies both separately and altogether with folk medicine in relation to treatment of otomycosis were also reviewed. Findings of various reports revealed that the Aspergillus and Candida species are the main causal agents of otomycosis. But many reports indicate that a few of other fungal species along with bacteria particularly Staplylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are also responsible for accelerating this disease in human all over the world. In many reports, improper self-cleaning of ear has been found as major predisposing factor of otomycosis. This review suggests that health education, improvement of socioeconomic status and health caring facilities should be increased for reducing prevalence of otomycosis. However, more research needs to be carried out because of its severe parallel effects to the human health. J. bio-sci. 28: 121-135, 2020

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Respiratory Bacteria Stabilize and Promote Airborne Transmission of Influenza A Virus

mSystems ◽

10.1128/msystems.00762-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Hannah M. Rowe ◽

Brandi Livingston ◽

Elisa Margolis ◽

Amy Davis ◽

Victoria A. Meliopoulos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza A Virus ◽

Influenza A ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Transmission Dynamics ◽

Environmental Stability ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Airborne Transmission ◽

Content Type ◽

Mortality And Morbidity

Infection with influenza A virus (IAV), especially when complicated with a secondary bacterial infection, is a leading cause of global mortality and morbidity. Gaining a greater understanding of the transmission dynamics of IAV is important during seasonal IAV epidemics and in the event of a pandemic. Direct bacterium-virus interactions are a recently appreciated aspect of infectious disease biology. Direct interactions between IAV and specific bacterial species of the human upper respiratory tract were found to promote the stability and infectivity of IAV during desiccation stress. Viral environmental stability is an important aspect during transmission, suggesting a potential role for bacterial respiratory communities in IAV transmission. Airborne transmission of IAV was abrogated upon depletion of nasal bacterial flora with topical antibiotics. This defect could be functionally complemented by S. pneumoniae coinfection. These data suggest that bacterial coinfection may be an underappreciated aspect of IAV transmission dynamics.

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VerotoxinogenicCitrobacter freundiiassociated with severe gastroenteritis and cases of haemolytic uraemic syndrome in a nursery school: green butter as the infection source

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268800052158 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 114 (3) ◽

pp. 441-450 ◽

Cited By ~ 104

Author(s):

H. Tschäpe ◽

R. Prager ◽

W. Streckel ◽

A. Fruth ◽

E. Tietze ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽

Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome ◽

Nursery School ◽

Citrobacter Freundii ◽

Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽

Severe Gastroenteritis ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Infection Source

SUMMARYA summer outbreak of severe gastroenteritis followed by haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in a nursery school and kindergarten is described. Sandwiches prepared with green butter made with contaminated parsley were the likely vehicle of infection. The parsley originated from an organic garden in which manure of pig origin was used instead of artificial fertilizers, Cornally identical VerotoxinogenicCitrobacter freundiiwere found as causative agents of HUS and gastroenteritis and were also detected on the parsley.

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