Wadi Bounamoussa’s waters quality in the north-east of Algeria: Statistical treatment of some physical and chemical parameters

Abstract Nowadays, problems with wastes constitute a danger increasingly important for the recipient environments. Indeed, the water is affected in an increasing way by mineral and organic materials from which some ones are pathogenic and thus dangerous for the ecosystem. It is in this context that the present study took place, it relates to the surface waters pollution of the Wadi Bounamoussa in the Algeria northeast. The study concerns the analysis of physical and chemical parameters of waters such as: temperature (T), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), Cl-, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total absorbance colour (TAC), total hardness (TH), PO4 3-, total phosphorus (Ptot) along the wadi in one year long survey (October 2013 to July 2014). Waters were sampled at ten study sites with a quarterly sampling. In order to establish a relationship between various physical and chemical parameters and for a better assessment the anthropogenic effect on the Wadi Bounamoussa's water quality, we have processed a statistical treatment by means of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). PCA has revealed two gradients. The first reflects the eutrophication caused by chemical fertilizers used in agriculture and the intensive livestock farming development, while the second describes the resulting water mineralization of high rates of the Cl- and EC. Moreover, PCA has allowed discriminating the stations according to their physical and chemical data. This study has allowed us also to reveal the influence of seasonal variations.

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Physical and chemical properties of the Goryczkowe and Bystrej Górne vaucluse springs in the Tatra Mountains

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.2015.136 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 954-968

Author(s):

M. Gromadzka ◽

A. Wolanin ◽

M. Żelazny ◽

Ł. Pęksa

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Principal Component ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Tatra Mountains ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Chemical Composition Of Water ◽

Physical And Chemical Parameters ◽

Tatra National Park ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

This paper describes research on two of the largest karst springs in Poland's Tatra Mountains – Goryczkowe and Bystrej Górne – both located in the Tatra National Park. The aim of the study was to determine the potential contributing area for the Bystrej Gorne Spring. Research has shown that seasonal changes in the physical and chemical properties of water in both springs followed a similar pattern; however, observed differences were not statistically significant. Additionally, research has shown that the potential contributing area is different than that previously identified by other researchers. The chemical composition of water obtained from each spring was dominated by Ca2+ and HCO−3, and included small amounts of the biogenic NO−3 ion. The highest values of the measured physical and chemical parameters were noted in winter, while the lowest values were noted in spring and summer. Principal component analysis was used to assess the physical and chemical parameters of water obtained from both studied springs. Water dilution and catchment biological activity were identified as two key processes affecting physical and chemical properties of karst spring water. Several differences were identified between the springs – water temperature, pH, mineralization, as well as the concentration of Mg2+, HCO−3, and SO24.

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THE PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE SUITABILITY OF AFRICAN CATFISH EFFLUENT AS IRRIGATION WATER SOURCE IN SOUTH WEST NIGERIA

Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment ◽

10.51406/jagse.v16i2.1712 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 107-119

Author(s):

O. E. OMOFUNMI

Keyword(s):

Integrated Management ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

African Catfish ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Mean Values ◽

Earthen Ponds ◽

Physical And Chemical Parameters ◽

Physical And Chemical

The reuse of catfish pond effluent by irrigation can make a significant contribution to the integrated management of our water resources. The study was done to evaluate African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) quality pond effluent quality and its suitability for irrigation. Forty (40) samples were collected from five ponds. Physical and chemical parameters of catfish effluent samples from selected earthen ponds were determined in accordance with the American Public Health Association standards. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that there were variations in the chemical constituents of the effluent measured in the selected ponds. The mean values of physical and chemical parameters ranged as pH (6.2 – 8.1), total dissolved solids (140 -307 mg/l); suspended solids (32 – 78 mg/l), electrical conductivity of water (0.21 – 0.48 mmhos/cm), alkalinity (45 – 138 mg/l), total nitrogen (4.5 – 6.9 mg/l), total phosphorus (0.11 – 0.35 mg/l), sodium (11 -31 mg/l), calcium (24.1 – 69.0 mg/l), potassium (0.16 – 0.41 mg/l), magnesium (8.2 -12.0 mg/l), carbonate (8 -40 mg/l), bicarbonate (20 – 95 mg/l), chloride (10.4 – 25.8 mg/l), boron (0.2 – 0.4 mg/l) and biochemical oxygen demand (4.4 – 8.2 mg/l). All were within acceptable limits. The African catfish effluents in the studied earthen ponds are classified as C1 – S1 water. Hence there are none degree of restriction in the application of catfish effluent for irrigation.

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Kualitas dan distribusi spasial karakteristik fisika-kimia Sungai Siak di Kota Pekanbaru

DEPIK ◽

10.13170/depik.9.2.16578 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 335-343

Author(s):

Luri Anita Vanri ◽

Adriman Adriman ◽

Muhammad Fauzi

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Fecal Coliform ◽

Principal Component ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Physical And Chemical Parameters ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Main Factor

Siak River is one of the biggest rivers and the deepest in Riau Province in Indonesia with its 20-30 depth and depth 370 kilometers. The Siak River used for bathing, washing, dumping industrial palm oil, plantation, domestic waste, and port so it has an impact on water quality changing. This study analyzed the water quality and distribution spatial physical and chemical parameters the river around in Pekanbaru city, using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), this study used laboratory in situ and ex situ water quality measurement instruments. Water sampling each station done three times in two weeks during October to November 2019. The results obtained from this study shows the water quality of these 6 stations in the category of bad and the water quality from headwaters to downstream river influenced by organic parameter as a dominant pollutant. The correlation of water quality characteristic was 74.4% main factor 1 (F1) 47.4% and main factor 2 (F2) 26.7% with main characteristics fecal coliform, phosphate, and nitrate. Grouping these characteristics through a dendrogram showed three levels of relationship based on the characteristic parameter. The first group stands for station 1,2, and 4 have higher brightness and Dissolved oxygen (DO) parameters than other stations. The second group stands for stations 3 and 5 that have relatively high in parameter phosphate and nitrate. The third group is station 6 (river estuary) which results in shows high of fecal coliform proportional to pollution. The study can be concluded that three groups heavily contaminated. Each group has different parameters that show influence upland and waters activities.Keywords: Distribution of spatial, The quality of water, Siak River, Physical and Chemical Parameters, PCA ABSTRAKSungai Siak merupakan salah satu sungai terbesar di Provinsi Riau dan terdalam di Indonesia, dengan kedalaman sekitar 20-30 meter dan panjang 300 kilometer. Sungai siak masih dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai sarana Mandi Cuci Kakus (MCK), tempat buangan limbah industri kelapa sawit, perkebunan, rumah tangga dan pelabuhan, sehingga berdampak pada perubahan kualitas perairan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menganalisa kualitas dan distribusi spasial karateristik fisik-kimia perairan Sungai Siak di sekitar Kota Pekanbaru, dengan menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Kajian menggunakan instrument pengukuran kualitas air in situ dan ex situ di laboratorium. Pengambilan sampel air pada masing-masing stasiun dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali setiap dua minggu selama bulan Oktober hingga November 2019. Hasil yang diperoleh dari kajian ini adalah kualitas air di keenam stasiun masuk dalam katagori buruk dan mengalami penurunan kualitas dari hulu ke hilir yang disebabkan bahan organik. Korelasi karakteristik kualitas air sebesar 74,3%, faktor utama 1 (F1) 47,4% dan faktor utama 2 (F2) 26,7% dengan penciri utama fecal coliform, fosfat dan nitrat. Pengelompokan stasiun pada dendogram klarifikasi hierarki menunjukkan adanya tiga tingkat hubungan kekerabatan berdasarkan parameter pencirinya. Kelompok satu terdiri dari stasiun 1, 2 dan 4 memiliki hasil relatif tinggi pada parameter kecerahan dan oksigen terlarut (DO) dibandingkan dengan stasiun lainnya. Kelompok dua terdiri dari stasiun 3 dan 5 memiliki hasil relatif tinggi pada paramter nitrat dan fosfat dibandingkan dengan stasiun lainnya. Kelompok tiga adalah stasiun 6 (muara sungai sail) dengan parameter fecal coliform relatif tinggi yang berbanding lurus dengan tingkat pencemarannya. Berdasarkan hasil kajian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tiga kelompok sama-sama tercemar berat, namun masing-masing kelompok memiliki perbedaan parameter pencirinya yang memperlihatkan pengaruh berbagai aktifitas di darat maupun di perairan itu sendiri.Kata kunci: Distribusi spasial, Kualitas air, Sungai Siak, Parameter fisika dan kimia, PCA

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Analysis of Physico-chemical parameters of salt pans at Newport and Nari situated around Bhavnagar Coast

Journal of Ecobiotechnology ◽

10.19071/jebt.2015.v7.200 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Apexa Rajesh Patadia

Keyword(s):

Pearson Correlation ◽

Sampling Site ◽

Analytical Data ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Salt Pans ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Physical And Chemical Parameters ◽

Physical And Chemical

<p>The present study was carried out to evaluate physico-chemical parameters of two selected sites of salt pans ecosystem located at Bhavnagar coast, Gujarat for a period of one year December-2005 to August 2006. The analytical data obtained from samples become more informative if supplemented with information concerning the sampling site. Hence, the present work is aimed at the assessment of various physical and chemical parameters of water and sediment samples of salterns at Newport and Nari along Bhavnagar coast, Gujarat. The physico-chemical characteristics include temperature, pH, turbidity, salinity, alkalinity, total hardness, total dissolved solids, chloride, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulphate and phosphate. The results of various physico – chemical characteristics indicate that with most of the parameters examined the contents recorded were higher in water samples as compared to sediments and also the values were higher at Newport than at Nari. Notable observation was with total hardness and sulphate, where the contents were higher in sediments and the alkalinity, calcium and magnesium contents were higher at Nari than at Newport. The data were subjected by Karl-Pearson correlation coefficient to examine the corelationship in between and among various physical and chemical parameters using SPSS. 15.0.</p>

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USING WATER INDICES (NDWI, MNDWI, NDMI, WRI AND AWEI) TO DETECT PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS BY APPLY REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNIQUES

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i10.2017.2289 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (10) ◽

pp. 117-128

Author(s):

Mustafa T. Mustafa ◽

Khalid I. Hassoon ◽

Hussain M. Hussain ◽

Modher H. Abd

Keyword(s):

Satellite Image ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Water Parameters ◽

Physical And Chemical Parameters ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Water Indices

This study was undertaken by analyzing data from satellite image (Landsat-8 OLI) and geographical information system (GIS) to find the relationship between water parameters and water indices of spectral images. The main purpose of this research was to develop a model for the physical and chemical parameters of Gharraf stream in Iraq. The water parameters used in this study included: acidity (PH), Total Dissolved Solids (T.D.S), Alkalinity(ALK), Electrical Conductivity (E.C), Calcium(Ca), Chloride (CL), Sodium (Na), Sulfate (SO4), Potassium (k), Total suspended solid (T.S.S), Total Hardness (TH).Where the samples were taken to seventeen stations with two seasons and at the same time took a satellite image on 4/FEB, 11 / MAY.GIS techniques were used in the beginning to project the coordinates of seventeen stations along the stream in Landsat-8 satellite image for extract data. Then, these data are treated in SPSS software for purpose finding correlation and regression equations. Positive strong correlations between the reflectance of the satellite image and the water parameters in 4/FEB and 11/ MAY with five stations, helped to build six regression models. These models could be used to predict these six water parameters (PH, E.c, CL, SO4, Na and K) at any point along the stream in Iraq from the satellite image directly.

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Combined 2D-QSAR, Principal Component Analysis and Sensitivity Analysis Studies on Fluoroquinolones’ Genotoxicity

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16214156 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (21) ◽

pp. 4156 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Du ◽

Zhang ◽

Hou ◽

Zhao ◽

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity Analysis ◽

Principal Component ◽

Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship ◽

Quantitative Structure ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Genetic Toxicity ◽

2D Qsar ◽

Structure Activity ◽

Physical And Chemical Parameters ◽

Physical And Chemical

In this paper, two-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (2D-QSAR) and principal component analysis (PCA) methods were employed to screen the main parameters affecting the genotoxicity of fluoroquinolones (FQs), and the rules affecting the genetic toxicity of FQs were investigated by combining 2D-QSAR and PCA with the sensitivity analysis method. First, four types of parameters were calculated, namely, the geometric parameters (7), electronic parameters (5), physical and chemical parameters (8), and spectral parameters (7), but the physical and chemical parameters heat of formation (HF) and critical volume (CV) were excluded after the establishment of the 2D-QSAR model. Then, after PCA, it was found that the first principal component represented the main driving factors affecting the molecular genetic toxicity of FQs. In addition, after comprehensive analysis of the factor loading of the first, second, and third principal components, seven parameters affecting the genotoxicity of the FQs were screened out, namely, total energy (TE), critical temperature (CT), and molecular weight (Mol Wt) (increased with increasing genotoxicity of the FQs) and steric parameter (MR), quadrupole moment QXX (QXX), quadrupole moment QYY (QYY), and boiling point (BP) (decreased with increasing genotoxicity of the FQs); the above key parameters were also verified by sensitivity analysis. The obtained rules could be used to determine the substitution sites and the substitution groups associated with higher genotoxicity in the process of FQ modification, and these rules agreed well with the hologram quantitative structure–activity relationship (HQSAR) model. Finally, it was also found through SPSS analysis that the parameters screened in this paper were significantly correlated with FQ derivatives’ genetic toxicity.

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Microbiological aspects of an urban river used for unrestricted irrigation in the semi-arid region of north-east Brazil

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2003.0159 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 51-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

B.S.O. Ceballos ◽

N.E. Soares ◽

M.R. Moraes ◽

R.M.R. Catão ◽

A. Konig

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Urban River ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Somatic Coliphages ◽

North East ◽

Run Off ◽

Physical And Chemical Parameters ◽

Physical And Chemical

This study compared the behaviour of pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella and Listeria), faecal indicators (faecal coliforms FC and faecal streptococci FS), somatic coliphages and F-specific bacteriophages in an urban river contaminated with domestic sewage and surface run-off from agricultural and cattle grazing lands. The influence of physical and chemical parameters was also investigated as well as Salmonella and Listeria serotype diversity and drug resistance patterns. Faecal contamination was high (FC = 5 × 106 - 4 × 103 CFU/100 mL; FS = 4 × 105 - 2 × 102 CFU/100 mL) but decreased along the river by up to 99.5% following 47% reduction of BOD5 and 91% increase of DO, both associated with the self purification process. Somatic coliphages (6.9 × 105 - 1 × 103 PFU/100 mL) and F-specific bacteriophages (5.8 × 104 - 65 PFU/100 mL) behaved similarly with reductions of 99.85%. Salmonella and Listeria were isolated at all sampling points with highest frequencies (91-100%) at those with sewage discharge and rural water run-off. The lowest value (35%) occurred at the end of the river where it was (a) wider and shallower, (b) it ran slower and was warmer (29-33°C), (c) the pH was alkaline (8.2-9.9), (d) electrical conductivity (2,200-5,800 μS/cm) and DO (6-13 mg/L) were highest. Pathogen decline did not follow exactly FC and FS reduction patterns, while physical and chemical parameters apparently did not interfere with Salmonella and Listeria survival to the same extent as they did with FC and FS. Somatic coliphages and F-specific bacteriophages did not show more resistance than bacterial indicators. Catchment area contribution seemed to be more significant for pathogens than for indicators and rainy periods increased pathogenic isolation frequency. Five Salmonella serotypes and five serogroups were identified. S. hadar and serogroup E were predominant (50%); both are increasing in Brazil apparently from animal sources. Nearly 25% of Salmonella strains were resistant to at least one of twelve antimicrobials tested. Resistance to tetracycline was common (17%) followed by cefalotine (3%). Five Listeria serogroups were isolated and L. grayi (43%) and L. monocytogenes (9%) were present at all points. Listeria drug resistance rates were 100% for oxaciline followed by clindamicine (97%), tetracycline (34%) and vancomycin (32%). Both pathogenic bacterial strains presented resistance to the same drugs observed in humans and warm blood animals but the high number of sensitive strains and the low numbers of strains resistant to more than one drug was not expected because of the heavy anthropogenic impact in this basin.

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Rapid Assessment of the Water Chemistry of Public Water Supply in Abeokuta, SouthWest Nigeria

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management ◽

10.4314/jasem.v25i5.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 689-693

Author(s):

E.E. Odjegba ◽

A.O. Bankole ◽

A.Y. Sadiq ◽

I.O. Busari ◽

B.O. Layi-Adigun

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Rapid Assessment ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Total Alkalinity ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Ogun State ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

Physical And Chemical Parameters ◽

Physical And Chemical

The study examined the water supply situation in Abeokuta, with emphasis on the quality of water distributed by the Ogun State Water Corporation from the treatment plant of the Abeokuta Water Scheme. Water samples were collected from standpipes (taps) across the city randomly selected using the stratified random sampling method and was analysed for physical and chemical parameters: pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, nitrate, bicarbonate, sulphate and chloride. The result of the physical and chemical parameters was subjected to statistical analyses using the multivariate t-test. The result of the treated water was further compared with the result of the analyses of raw water obtained from the source of water used in the treatment plant.

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