scholarly journals Alexander the Great and the “Clash” of Ancient Civilizations

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-426
Author(s):  
Mădălina Strechie
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
Alexander The Great ◽  
Clash Of Civilizations ◽  
Persian Empire ◽  
Persian Wars ◽  
Great Leader ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Coordinator

Abstract Alexander the Great was not only a great political leader, but also an amazing general. He did not face only armies, but entire civilizations which he forced to merge, following his own example. We believe that his most lasting victory was the Hellenistic civilization, a new civilization that emerged after the “clash of civilizations” that Alexander, the great leader, had opposed, namely the Greek civilization versus the Persian civilization. His war was totally new, revolutionary, both in terms of fighting tactics, weapons, and especially goals. Alexander became the Great because of his ambition to conquer the world from one end to the other. Beginning with the pretext meant to take revenge for the Persian Wars, his expedition to the Persian Empire was in fact a special “clash of civilizations”. With Alexander, the West fully demonstrates its expansionist tendencies, conquering at first an empire and civilization after civilization. Thus, in turn, the Greek crusher of the new half-god of war defeated the Phoenician, Egyptian, Persian civilizations (the coordinator of the empire that initiated for the first time the process of assimilation of the defeated ones, namely Persanization).From the military point of view, Alexander the Great was the initiator of the lightning war, of course mutatis mutandis, forming a military monarchy within the conquered civilizations, turning for the first time in history, generals into important politicians, we think here of the Diadochi. Alexander the Great forced the limits beyond human possibilities, beyond the map and beyond fate. He is the most original general of history, precisely in his manner of making war and imposing peace, being the toughest “shock of civilizations”

Does Gender in First-Time Leadership Represent Compassionate Leadership?

2021 ◽  
pp. 220-237
Author(s):  
Sarath L. J. Ukwatte ◽  
Prem S. W. Yapa
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Visionary Leadership ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
Leadership Qualities ◽  
Leadership Attributes ◽  
First Time

This study aims to understand whether a first-time female leader's executive leadership qualities reflect the attribute of a true leader. Using the gender diversity point of view, the chapter studies the leadership characteristics that contributed to the election of a female leader in South Asia, specifically Sri Lanka. This case from Sri Lanka highlights the election of a first-time political leader (prime minister). The study determines the relevance of personalized leadership style in influencing the emancipation of nations. It also considers how other context-relevant characteristics influence their executive roles. The study found that the election of the female prime minister was not based on compassionate grounds. Empirical evidence shows that this woman had proven leadership attributes prior to becoming prime minister. The study presents unique visionary leadership attributes, experiences, and lessons for future women leaders.

scholarly journals EL PLANEAMIENTO ESTRATÉGICO MILITAR EN ARGENTINA (2003-2013): REFLEXIONES EN TORNO AL GOBIERNO POLÍTICO DE LA DEFENSA

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Anzelini ◽  
Iván Poczynok
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Defense Policy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time ◽  
Core Problem

The national defense policy of Argentina has experienced advances and regressions since the democratic return in 1983. This result has been connected to the dynamics that civil-military relations have inherited from the dictatorial period. The necessity to subordinate the Armed Forces dominated the defense agenda during most part of the democratic period, constituting the core problem of this jurisdiction.The democratic governments implemented various initiatives that underpinned the civil control of the Armed Forces and that also caused, from a normative point of view, what has been characterised as a “basic consensus”. These measures restricted the autonomy of the men in uniform, whether through the demilitarization of civil functions or through the specific delimitation of the martial responsibilities.The habilitation of the spaces required for the exercise of the political administration of the jurisdiction did not necessarily implied, however, that civilians have fully developed this task. The performance of the democratic authorities in the area of defense had its ups-and-downs. At times, these deficiencies were associated to the very restraints of the domestic political conjuncture; at others, they resulted from the planning of the specific agenda of the sector, though.This paper studies the performances of the Ministry of Defense demarches during 2003-2013. The analysis focuses on the conduction of the strategic dimension of the sector; punctually, on the relative responsibilities of the military strategic planning. In this frame, the demarches of ministers José Pampuro (2003-05), Nilda Garré (2005-10) and Arturo Puricelli (2010-13) are resorted to.The temporal cutout of the study object assumes that a battery of unprecedented measures were implemented. For the first time since the return of democracy, for example, an effective debate on the conduction of the strategic dimension of the defense policy was addressed. Nevertheless, for reasons that are object of analysis during this article, the empowerment process of the political conduction survived along with ambiguities and retrogressions that, during the same period, made the absence of solid consensus regarding the results of the sectorial agenda evident.

scholarly journals ALEXANDER MAKEDONSKY'S TRAVEL AGAINST SACKS AND CONFRONTATION OF THE INDIGENOUS POPULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.A. Jursunbaev ◽  
◽  
B.T. Zhubanyshov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Alexander The Great ◽  
Persian Empire ◽  
Strong State ◽  
Fighting Spirit ◽  
The Military

As a result of the military reforms of Philip in the IV century BC. The Macedonian kingdom has become a powerful strong state. Subsequently, these legacies, Alexander the Great, in order to achieve world hegemony, received the opportunity of a devastating victory over the strong Persian Empire. In all these battles against the hegemony of Alexander the Great, the Saks participated as allies of the Persians. However, despite the high fighting spirit of the Saks, due to the weakness of Darius III, the Greco-Macedonian army won. Developing military achievements and success, the army of Alexander the Great invaded the Saka possessions. This article tells on the basis of sources about the struggle for freedom of the Saks in opposition to Alexander the Great. The battle of the Saks led by Spitamen with the troops of Alexander the Great is especially thoroughly analyzed.

scholarly journals Decree for the Exiles of Mytilene

Axon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Fazzini
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Alexander The Great ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Persian Empire ◽  
The City

The decree was enacted by the city of Mytilene, in Lesbos: it concerns the reinstatement of the exiles as a consequence of the diagramma of Alexander the Great addressed to the Greek cities. It dates back to 336 and 332 BE, during the war between Persian Empire and Macedonia for the domain on the Ionic Coast. This caused a continuos fight between the filo-Persian and filo-Macedonian parties in the Greek cities of the area. The most accredited date to the decree is the 332 BC. The decree treats the reconciliation between the two parties on a social and economical point of view. Many of the local authorities are involved in this process: boule, demos, basileis, but also a council of twenty men (diatatai). Another possible date is 319 BC; in this case the basileus mentioned in the decree would be Philip III Arrideo and the diagramma would refer to the decree that he emanated together with his prime minister Polyperchons.

scholarly journals „Melpomene” by Herodotus as a source on international and military history in the northern Black Sea region in the VI century B. C.

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Alina Koval ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
International Order ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Persian Empire ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Qualitative Level ◽  
Fourth Volume ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
The Military

The article considers the peculiarities of the existence of a regional international order in the northern Black Sea region during the Scythian rule based on the analysis of the fourth volume of the work „History”, entitled „Melpomene” by the ancient Greek historian and writer Herodotus. Emphasis is placed on the coverage of the causes, course and results of the Persian king Darius I in Scythia described in the treatise in 513 B. C. As a result of the study, the author concludes that the fourth chapter of Herodotus' „History” of Melpomene allows us to shed light on the ancient international order that existed on the steppe outskirts of the ancient world, where Scythian tribes ruled during the period under study. Among the aspects considered by the author and useful from the point of view of research of the chosen problem, there are features of mutual relations between Scythians and their allies – Greeks. Based on the testimony of Herodotus, we can conclude that during the intensification of contradictions with the Persian Empire of the Achaemenids in the VI century B.C. and the beginning of the military conflict with it, relations between Greece and Scythia move to a new, qualitative level. There is, in fact, a deepening of relations to the level of military-political alliance directed against the Persian king Darius I. There is also evidence of local Scythian allies – neighbors, some of whom refused to help them in the fight against the Persians, some – supported. Support for the latter, not only allowed to increase the army, but also allowed to wage a war of attrition, which provided for constant retreat, including in the territory of the Allies. It can be concluded that due to effective allied cooperation with local tribes, the Scythians succeeded in the main strategic task of this war – to create a threat to the bridge over the river Istra. This circumstance, which posed a risk for Darius to be cut off from his Caucasian possessions, forced the Persian ruler to retreat.

Thanato-Laboratorien. Theorien von Tod und Sterben und Elias Canettis Buch gegen den Tod

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-86
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Heyne
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Death And Dying ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Elias Canetti ◽  
History Of ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
First Time ◽  
Textual Form ◽  
Or History

AbstractAlthough visual culture of the 21th century increasingly focuses on representation of death and dying, contemporary discourses still lack a language of death adequate to the event shown by pictures and visual images from an outside point of view. Following this observation, this article suggests a re-reading of 20th century author Elias Canetti. His lifelong notes have been edited and published posthumously for the first time in 2014. Thanks to this edition Canetti's short texts and aphorisms can be focused as a textual laboratory in which he tries to model a language of death on experimental practices of natural sciences. The miniature series of experiments address the problem of death, not representable in discourses of cultural studies, system theory or history of knowledge, and in doing so, Canetti creates liminal texts at the margins of western concepts of (human) life, science and established textual form.

From the history of the military past of composer and conductor Boris Galaev

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Felix S. Kireev
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Musical Activity ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time ◽  
First World

Boris Alexandrovich Galaev is known as an outstanding composer, folklorist, conductor, educator, musical and public figure. He has a great merit in the development of musical culture in South Ossetia. All the musical activity of B.A. Galaev is studied and analyzed in detail. In most of the biographies of B.A. Galaev about his participation in the First World War, there is only one proposal that he served in the army and was a bandmaster. For the first time in historiography the participation of B.A. Galaev is analyzed, and it is found out what positions he held, what awards he received, in which battles he participated. Based on the identified documentary sources, for the first time in historiography, it occured that B.A. Galaev was an active participant in the First World War on the Caucasian Front. He went on attacks, both on foot and horse formation, was in reconnaissance, maintained communication between units, received military awards. During this period, he did not have time to study his favorite music, since, according to the documents, he was constantly at the front, in the battle formations of the advanced units. He had to forget all this heroic past and tried not to mention it ever after. Therefore, this period of his life was not studied by the researchers of his biography. For writing this work, the author uses the Highest Orders on the Ranks of the Military and the materials of the Russian State Military Historical Archive (RSMHA).

A Nabatean port on the Red Sea: note on the pottery finds from al-Qusayr (al-Wajh, Saudi Arabia)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Durand
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Roman Egypt ◽  
Pottery Sherds ◽  
First Time

Al-Qusayr is located 40 km south of modern al-Wajh, roughly 7 km from the eastern Red Sea shore. This site is known since the mid-19th century, when the explorer R. Burton described it for the first time, in particular the remains of a monumental building so-called al-Qasr. In March 2016, a new survey of the site was undertaken by the al-‘Ula–al-Wajh Survey Project. This survey focused not only on al-Qasr but also on the surrounding site corresponding to the ancient settlement. A surface collection of pottery sherds revealed a striking combination of Mediterranean and Egyptian imports on one hand, and of Nabataean productions on the other hand. This material is particularly homogeneous on the chronological point of view, suggesting a rather limited occupation period for the site. Attesting contacts between Mediterranean merchants, Roman Egypt and the Nabataean kingdom, these new data allow a complete reassessment of the importance of this locality in the Red Sea trade routes during antiquity.

Ground state molecular parameters of phosphine, PH3, from the simultaneous analysis of the high-resolution infrared, microwave and submillimeterwave spectra

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 2480-2492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soňa Přádná ◽  
Dušan Papoušek ◽  
Jyrki Kauppinen ◽  
Sergei P. Belov ◽  
Andrei F. Krupnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Unitary Transformation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Acoustic Detection ◽  
Molecular Parameters ◽  
Microwave Spectrometer ◽  
Fourier Transform Spectra ◽  
First Time

Fourier transform spectra of the ν2 band of PH3 have been remeasured with 0.0045 cm-1 resolution. Ground state combination differences from these data have been fitted simultaneously with the microwave and submillimeterwave data to determine the ground state spectroscopical parameters of PH3 including the parameters of the Δk = ± 3n interactions. The correlation between the latter parameters has been discussed from the point of view of the existence of two equivalent effective rotational operators which are related by a unitary transformation. The ΔJ = 0, +1, ΔK = 0 (A1 ↔ A2, E ↔ E) rotational transitions in the ν2 and ν4 states have been measured for the first time by using a microwave spectrometer and a radiofrequency spectrometer with acoustic detection.

scholarly journals The Difficult alliance. Military cooperation between the ruthenian king Daniel and the Piasts of Mazovia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Michał Skoczyński
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
Military Cooperation ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Historical Methodology ◽  
The Military

Abstract The article presents the military cooperation between the King of Galician-Volhynian Ruthenia, Daniel Romanowicz, and the Dukes of Mazovia, Konrad and his son Siemowit. The alliance, based as a counterweight for the cooperation between the King of Hungary and the Piast princes of Lesser Poland, who were trying to conquer Ruthenia and dominate all Piast principalities in then fragmented Poland. It lasted for several decades from the 1220’s to the 1260’s and was primarly aimed at mutual protection against the invasions of the pagan Yotvingians and supporting each other in armed conflicts. The text contains an analysis of war expeditions, tactics and ways of support that were given by both sides of the allianace. It is a new point of view on this aspect of political strategy of both sides that in some ways defined the regional situation. Ruthenians granted masovian Piasts some mobile and political uncommited support in fight with their relatives in Poland, and also secured their border with the Yotvingians. On the other hand, masovian knights were an additional strike force in ruthenian plundering expeditions to Yotvingia. The research was based on the analysis of preserved historical sources and scientific literature using historical methodology.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document