scholarly journals The Many Contexts of Translation (Studies)

Linguaculture ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodica Dimitriu
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Special Volume ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
Interdisciplinary Nature ◽  
The Many

Abstract This article examines the ways in which, in just a couple of decades, and in view of the interdisciplinary nature of Translation Studies, the key notion of context has become increasingly broader and diversified within this area of research, allowing for complex analyses of the translators’ activities and decisions, of translation processes and, ultimately, of what accounts for the meaning(s) of a translated text. Consequently, some (brief) incursions are made into a number of (main) directions of the discipline and the related kinds of contexts they prioritized in investigating translation both as process and product. In the second section of this introductory article, the issue of context is particularized through references to the contributions in this special volume, which add new layers of meaning to context, touching upon further perspectives from which this complex notion could be approached.

scholarly journals Designer Materials for Nucleic Acid Delivery

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 635-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa M. Reineke ◽  
Mark W. Grinstaff
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Genome Project ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Nucleic Acid Delivery ◽  
Genetic Vaccine ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
The Many

AbstractThe Human Genome Project continues to reveal the genetic basis for numerous acquired and inherited diseases ranging from cancer, HIV, and heart disease to muscular dystrophy and hemophilia. With this wealth of information, the ability to design patient-specific drugs that alter the cellular machinery at the genetic level in a way that controls or treats a specific disease will increasingly become a reality. Designing nucleic acid drugs as well as engineering novel delivery vehicles that encapsulate and effectively transport genetic materials into cells provides an opportunity to enhance the understanding of disease mechanisms and may help treat or cure these diseases. This issue of MRS Bulletin on “Designer Materials for Nucleic Acid Delivery” explores the diverse materials—polymers, lipids, nanoparticles, biocompatible scaffolds, and engineered peptides—that are being evaluated for the intracellular delivery of nucleic acids. These synthetic delivery systems are actively being investigated for many research purposes that range from gene-based therapy, genetic vaccine, and RNA interference to gene function and cellular signaling studies. This area is currently being pursued by a broad group of academic, clinical, and industrial researchers at both the fundamental and applied level, motivated by the widespread implications for human health. In this introductory article, we provide a general tutorial to gene-based therapies and a brief overview of the many areas of materials research that are currently making a tremendous impact on this interdisciplinary field.We conclude with a discussion of the future challenges that materials researchers face in developing viable nucleic acid delivery vehicles.

One Hundred Years of the Galerkin Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Repin
Keyword(s):  
Galerkin Method ◽  
Computational Methods ◽  
Applied Mathematics ◽  
Special Volume ◽  
Hundredth Anniversary ◽  
Biennial Conference ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
Remarkable Event ◽  
The Galerkin Method ◽  
The University

AbstractIn 2016, the biennial conference Computational Methods in Applied Mathematics (CMAM) was dedicated to a remarkable event: the hundredth anniversary of the Galerkin method. This special volume of the same name journal is mainly based on the papers of participants of this conference. The introductory article contains a brief description of the origin and development of the Galerkin method and gives an overview of the conference, which was held at the University of Jyväskylä (Finland), July 31 – August 6, 2016.

scholarly journals Introduction

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Folaron ◽  
Hélène Buzelin
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sociology Of Translation ◽  
Historical Trajectory ◽  
Network Studies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Information Values

Abstract The expanding field of network studies, which comprises histories, traditions and innovative research from myriad disciplines such as mathematics, the social sciences, linguistics, computer science, physics, biology, Internet and communication studies may find meaningful dialogue with the field of translation studies. This introductory article seeks to present a multifaceted and multi-tiered historical trajectory of the term and concept “network”, reflecting on the impact it has already had on studies in the domain of the sociology of translation. Can a network-based vocabulary emerging from network theories and studies, including recent works on network society, offer translation studies new conceptual tools with which to think through and articulate translation phenomena? By the same token, how might translation studies, viewing interlingual transfer in terms of product, process, profession, industry, politics and strategy, contribute to the growing body of research on the transmission and exchange of thoughts, ideas, messages, information, values, which characterize communication, the core of all translation activity? As connectivity and connectedness take on ever-important social organizing dimensions in a globalizing multilingual world, a translation-informed network approach as well as a network-informed translation theory approach may symbiotically help us better understanding human and social practices.

scholarly journals Beyond Translation Proper—Extending the Field of Translation Studies

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Korning Zethsen
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Ulterior Motive ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Modern society demands many different kinds of translation or translation-like activities which often exceed the boundaries of what translation theory traditionally terms translation proper. Highly functional translations, localisation, précis-writing, expert-to-layman communication, etc. are all part of modern life, but where do such activities fit in theoretically? In this article I shall discuss the fact that despite Jakobson’s classical definition, intralingual translation or rewording is de facto peripheral to translation studies and I shall argue that the relationship between interlingual and intralingual translation is a neglected area of research, as is a thorough description of intralingual translation. Since Jakobson’s definition, general definitions of translation have become less inclusive. This I consider a major setback as there seems to be much to gain theoretically as well as practically by looking for similarities and differences between various kinds of translational activities. With the ulterior motive of putting intralingual translation (back?) on the map of translation studies and to encourage future empirical research within this area I shall argue for a broader perception of translation and consequently of translation studies as a discipline. Inspired by Jakobson (1959), Toury (1995) and Tymoczko (1998, 2005), I shall attempt to draw up an open definition of translation which reflects the many-faceted nature of the phenomenon.

scholarly journals Forum on the Art of Participation: A Curated Collection of Reflections, Explorations, and Instructions

1969 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Breel ◽  
Hannah Newman ◽  
Robbie Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Research Approach ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Opportunity To Respond ◽  
International Group ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
Joint Ownership ◽  
The Many ◽  
The University ◽  
Participatory Arts

This section of the journal collates articles and other content arising from The Art of Participation Forum, which took place on the 7th & 8th of May, 2016, at the University of Kent in Canterbury, UK. The event brought together an international group of artists and academics who are involved in participatory arts in a variety of ways and who hail from the many corners of this wide field of activity. We wanted to explore the inherently practical phenomenon of participatory arts by doing as well as discussing, which meant that the Forum took a practice-as-research approach. To this end, we curated a programme comprised of condensed versions of academic presentations and practical workshop sessions, together with longer performance pieces. To further embed the spirit of participation within the structure of the event, we devised an innovative, non-hierarchical format, in which all attendees both lead a session and participated in each other's. This fostered a feeling of joint-ownership of the Forum amongst those present. In the Organiser Conversation video, we, the organisers, introduce ourselves before reflecting on questions such as 'why we wanted to make the Forum happen,' 'who we wanted to attend,' and 'what was original about it?' The video is somewhat playful in nature, which reflects our attitude in facilitating the event. To continue some of the conversations that were had over the weekend, we gave all participants the opportunity to respond to it. The presentation of these are mixed, in that some are more academically inclined, whereas others are of a more performative and reflective nature – this is a true reflection of the variety of voices we had at the forum. These have been compiled with an introductory article, exploring how the event was developed and run, as well as reflections on it, which functions as an extension of the video. The final element of this section is an interactive Twine, which offers an interactive way of engaging with all the contributions and elements. Within the Twine, readers are able to follow particular themes throughout and also try to find some of the hidden, bonus content, thus evoking both the playful nature of both the Twine and the Forum itself. The three elements that frame the contributors’ material reflect the innovative nature of the Forum event itself, by trying to find different (and interactive) ways of engaging people with the topic of participation.

How Bioethics Can Enrich Medical-Legal Collaborations

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy T. Campbell ◽  
Jay Sicklick ◽  
Paula Galowitz ◽  
Randye Retkin ◽  
Stewart B. Fleishman
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Interdisciplinary Nature ◽  
Legislative Support ◽  
The Many

Medical-legal partnerships (MLPs) — collaborative endeavors between health care clinicians and lawyers to more effectively address issues impacting health care — have proliferated over the past decade. The goal of this interdisciplinary approach is to improve the health outcomes and quality of life of patients and families, recognizing the many non-medical influences on health care and thus the value of an interdisciplinary team to enhance health. There are currently over 180 MLPs at over 200 hospitals and health centers in the United States, with increasing federal interest and potential legislative support of this model.This article examines the unique, interrelated, and often similar (although at times conflicting) ethical issues that confront the clinical and legal partners involved in MLPs. We contend that the ethical precepts of the clinical and legal professions should be seen as opportunities, not barriers, to further the interdisciplinary nature of MLPs.

Integrating Gender and Ethnicity into Psychology Courses

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret E. Madden ◽  
Janet Shibley Hyde
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Inclusive Curriculum ◽  
Interdisciplinary Nature ◽  
Psychology Courses ◽  
Course Material ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Many ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender

In this introduction to the special issue on teaching about gender and ethnicity in psychology, we consider the assumptions underlying an inclusive curriculum that pays attention to gender and ethnicity and address why such a curriculum has merit. We review empirical studies, assessing whether existing curricula are inclusive, and present an overview of the articles and the recurrent themes. These themes include the complexity of the interaction between ethnicity and gender; the difficulty of deciding which of the many possible ethnic groups to include in course material; the dominance of evaluative comparison in discussions of differences among groups; the interdisciplinary nature of research on ethnicity; and the tendency in psychology to ignore the importance of the power differences that confound analyses of the effect of ethnicity and gender.

scholarly journals Item-based assessment of translation competence: Chimera of objectivity versus prospect of reliable measurement

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
June Eyckmans ◽  
Philippe Anckaert
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Summative Assessment ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Educational Context ◽  
Reliable Measurement ◽  
High Stake ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Many ◽  
Psychometric Quality

In the course of the past decade, scholars in Translation Studies have repeatedly expressed the need for more empirical research on translation assessment. Notwithstanding the many pleas for “objectivity” that have been voiced in the literature, the issue of reliability remains unaddressed. Although there is no consensus on the best method for measuring the quality of human or machine translations, it is clear that in both cases measurement error will need to be accounted for. This is especially the case in high-stake situations such as assessments that lead to translation competence being certified. In this article we focus on the summative assessment of translation competence in an educational context. We explore the psychometric quality of two assessment methods: the CDI method (Eyckmans, Anckaert, & Segers, 2009) and the PIE method (Kockaert & Segers, 2014; 2017; Segers & Kockaert, 2016). In our study, the reliability of both methods is compared empirically by scoring the same set of translations (n > 100) according to each method.

scholarly journals TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES REVISITED: THE APPLICABILITY OF EXISTING SOLUTIONS IN NON-LITERARY TRANSLATION

2017 ◽  
pp. 035
Author(s):  
Jasmina Đorđević
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
The Many

Translation studies have evolved to the extent that phenomena, problems and aspects related to translation are analysed and defined within the discipline itself based on methods and techniques specifically developed for it. One of the many achievements is that two separate translation genres have been identified, i.e. literary and non-literary translation, followed by different approaches to both theoretical explorations of the two, as well as practical solutions in the process of translating them. The aim of this article is to contribute to the study of non-literary translation by offering an overview of translation techniques available in the literature but not yet distinctly related to non-literary translation. Since recent approaches to the study of translation imply a strong focus on the target text as a product, the techniques illustrated here are supported by examples originating from an authentic corpus of non-literary translation compiled during twenty-two years of officially recognized translation. 

Das Übersetzungswesen im kommunistischen Polen zwischen Dominanz und Vielfalt (1944–91)

Babel ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Hofeneder
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Translation Methods ◽  
Independent Features ◽  
The Many

Translation played a constitutive role in the formation and further existence of the Soviet Union. From the very beginning up to the decline in 1991, it pervaded every aspect of life. Due to the language policy a huge amount of books, brochures and other publications were translated not only from “capitalist” languages but also between the many languages of the Soviet Union. To a certain degree, this holds true also for the Socialist camp. Nevertheless, up to now, translation studies only showed a superficial interest in translation history of communist reigned countries. The focus in research laid around the question how and up to which extend censorship influenced translations. By that, the systemic character of translation was neglected. In the course of this article, I would like to highlight some systemic features of communist translation methods in communist Poland (1944–1991). Poland was in comparison to other communist reigned states with respect to cultural affairs more liberal. A closer look on translational activities will go beyond the traditional concentration of translations of fictional work. By that, we gain to seek deeper structural features. Based on detailed figures about translations made from and into Polish in the mentioned period of time, we get to see, how cultural policy did not directly depend from the Soviet Union, but showed several independent features.

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