Corrosion of brass subjected to cast-off cooking oil blended with diesel

Abstract With the aim of leaving a smaller ecological footprint and to develop fuels which will change the energy needs of the future in a sustainable manner, the present study aims at investigating the corrosion phenomenon of brass using biodiesel fuel from cast-off cooking oil (CCO) in various blending ratios with commercial diesel (5 %, 10 % and 20 %) on brass. The mechanism of corrosion of brass in biodiesel has not been adequately investigated, and in the literature there is still a drop in the knowledge of the corrosion of brass from which many diesel engine parts are made. The corrosion rate of brass has been evaluated by mass loss and electrochemical methods. As a complementary technique, conductivity was monitored before and after each test. Surface morphology was examined by optical microscope. The surface morphology of brass samples in NaCl was coated in dark deposits that indicated corrosion. Some pitting was found in O99, and no significant change was found in oil-diesel blends. There is a positive correlation between the corrosivity and conductivity of the test media. The wettability studies also assisted in determining the non-corrosive nature of biodiesel.

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The Study on the Variation of Friction Coefficient of Flank Lock Type Precision Locknut at the Different Tightening Speed

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.541-542.588 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 541-542 ◽

pp. 588-591 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chih Ming Chen ◽

Chin Huang Sun

Keyword(s):

Friction Coefficient ◽

Surface Morphology ◽

Fatigue Damage ◽

Axial Force ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Test Machine ◽

Experimental Setting ◽

Thread Surface ◽

Before And After

The study investigated the variation of friction coefficient of a vertical assembly of flank lock type precision locknut at the different tightening speed by a torque and axial force test machine. The tightening speed is set at 4rpm, 6rpm and 8rpm, respectively. The lubricant is a type of 2TML. Surface morphology was observed before and after the test via an optical microscope. The experiment proceeded to five preloads to test and took the sixth as the experimental setting through the ISO 2320 specification. The study observed the variation of friction coefficient at the different tightening speed under a preload. The results show that the friction coefficient tends to be smaller when the tightening speed becomes faster. The increase of friction coefficient associates with the increase of anti-loosening ratio. For the surface morphology, it was found that the seat surface and the thread surface of the locknut generates the reaming, scraping and fatigue damage after the repeated tightening and loosening test.

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Estimation of Recoverable Household Waste Cooking Oil and Life Cycle Analysis of Biodiesel Fuel Production

Journal of Life Cycle Assessment Japan ◽

10.3370/lca.4.318 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 318-323 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hirotsugu KAMAHARA ◽

Shun YAMAGUCHI ◽

Ryuichi TACHIBANA ◽

Naohiro GOTO ◽

Koichi FUJIE

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Life Cycle Analysis ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Household Waste ◽

Biodiesel Fuel ◽

Fuel Production ◽

Cooking Oil

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Analysis of the Social and Environmental Impact of Biodiesel Fuel Refined from Used Cooking Oil in Ibaraki Prefecture

Studies in Regional Science ◽

10.2457/srs.40.749 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 749-762

Author(s):

Hirokazu GOTO ◽

Yuichi HATAYA ◽

Yasuyuki YOKOTA ◽

Takeshi MIZUNOYA ◽

Yoshiro HIGANO

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impact ◽

Biodiesel Fuel ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Used Cooking Oil ◽

The Social ◽

Ibaraki Prefecture

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EVALUATION OF TRIBOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF THE COATING OBTAINED BY ELECTRIC SPARK HARDENING

Tekhnicheskiy servis mashin ◽

10.22314/2618-8287-2020-58-1-157-163 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (141) ◽

pp. 157-163

Author(s):

IL’YA ROMANOV ◽

◽

ROMAN ZADOROZHNIY

Keyword(s):

Wear Resistance ◽

Reference Sample ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Research Purpose ◽

Tribotechnical Properties ◽

Uncoated Surface ◽

Before And After ◽

Materials Used ◽

Friction Track

When applying coatings using various methods on the surfaces of moving parts that work in joints, it is important to make sure that the coatings are strong and wear-resistant in order to return them to their original resource. All existing hardening technologies and materials used to perform coatings have their own characteristics, therefore, the quality of the resulting coatings can be judged only after specific tests. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in evaluating the properties of the coating obtained by the method of electric spark hardening, and its ability to resist friction and mechanical wear. (Materials and methods) Authors conducted tests on the basis of the "Nano-Center" center for collective use. A coating was applied on the BIG-4M unit with a VK-8 hard alloy electrode, tribological properties were evaluated on a CSM Instruments TRB-S-DE-0000 tribometer, the width of the friction track was measured after the test using an inverted OLYMPUS gx51 optical microscope, and samples were weighed before and after the test on a VLR-200 analytical balance. Conducted research in accordance with GOST 23.224-86 and RD 50-662-88 guidelines. (Results and discussion) The article presents performed tests on the run-in and wear resistance of the coating. The samples were worked on with a step-by-step increase in the load. During the tests, the friction force was drawed on the diagram. Authors compared the results with the reference sample, an uncoated surface. (Conclusions) The resulting coating has better run-in and wear resistance compared to the standard, and the increase in wear resistance in dry friction conditions is very significant.

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Recent advances in characterizing the “bee” structures and asphaltene particles in asphalt binders

International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology ◽

10.1007/s42947-020-6008-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 697-706

Author(s):

Yuhong Wang ◽

Kecheng Zhao ◽

Fangjin Li ◽

Qi Gao ◽

King Wai Chiu Lai

Keyword(s):

Near Field ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Asphalt Binders ◽

Zero Shear Viscosity ◽

Surface Features ◽

Asphaltene Content ◽

Scanning Transmission ◽

Before And After ◽

Binder Aging

AbstractThe microscopic surface features of asphalt binders are extensively reported in existing literature, but relatively fewer studies are performed on the morphology of asphaltene microstructures and cross-examination between the surface features and asphaltenes. This paper reports the findings of investigating six types of asphalt binders at the nanoscale, assisted with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The surface features of the asphalt binders were examined by using AFM before and after being repetitively peeled by a tape. Variations in infrared (IR) absorbance at the wavenumber around 1700 cm−1, which corresponds to ketones, were examined by using an infrared s-SNOM instrument (scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope). Thin films of asphalt binders were examined by using STEM, and separate asphaltene particles were cross-examined by using both STEM and AFM. In addition, connections between the microstructures and binder’s physicochemical properties were evaluated. The use of both microscopy techniques provide comprehensive and complementary information on the microscopic nature of asphalt binders. It was found that the dynamic viscosities of asphalt binders are predominantly determined by the zero shear viscosity of the corresponding maltenes and asphaltene content. Limited samples also suggest that the unique bee structures are likely related to the growth of asphaltene content during asphalt binder aging process, but more asphalt binders from different crude sources are needed to verify this finding.

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Effect of natural disinfectant (Moringa oleifera) and a chemical disinfectant (calcium hypochlorite) on nematode eggs: bioefficiency and impact of physico-chemical variables

Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development ◽

10.2166/washdev.2020.001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 335-346

Author(s):

Arnold Landry Fotseu Kouam ◽

Gideon Aghaindum Ajeagah

Keyword(s):

Petri Dish ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Calcium Hypochlorite ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Before And After ◽

Nematode Eggs ◽

Chemical Disinfectant ◽

Physical And Chemical

Abstract The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of disinfectant on the viability of eggs from three nematode species (Ascaris, Trichuris, Ankylostoma). It was conducted in a microcosm from June 2018 to June 2019. The wastewater scan was sampled using 5 L sterile containers, the sample was arranged in four replicas, three tests and one control. The test samples received three disinfectants (Moringa, calcium hypochlorite and Moringa associated with calcium hypochlorite) at varying concentrations. The physical and chemical parameters were measured before and after the application of each disinfectant. The samples were then observed under an optical microscope. The viability of the eggs was determined by incubating the Petri dish samples at 30 °C for 30 days. The analyses show that some physicochemical parameters can significantly influence the efficacy of disinfectant on the eggs. The calcium hypochlorite associated with Moringa at 0.6 g/L showed greater efficacy on reducing viability and inactivation of eggs with 100% efficacy yield rates on Ankylostoma and Trichuris trichiuria and 97% on Ascaris lumbricoides eggs; this efficacy is significantly different from that observed on samples treated with Moringa and simple calcium hypochlorite. Of the three parasites tested, A. lumbricoides showed greater resistance to the disinfectant.

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The Effects of Storage Duration on Biodiesel Derived from Waste Cooking Oil

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.660.386 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 660 ◽

pp. 386-390 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Norazwan Azman ◽

Mirnah Suardi ◽

Amir Khalid

Keyword(s):

Diesel Fuel ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Acid Value ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Fuel ◽

Storage Duration ◽

Fuel Prices ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Impact Reduction ◽

The Impact

The use of fossil fuels as energy sources has grown to significantly be likely to have a major environmental impact. Reduction of world oil reserves and increasing environmental concerns have prompted alternative is found and renewable source of energy called biodiesel. Biodiesel fuel from vegetable oil is considered as the best candidates for diesel fuel replacement in diesel engines because of its closer. Fuel prices are going up day by day in the world. Thus, the means and methods have been trying for years to get fuel alternative outcomes. This study investigated the effects of different storage periods used in quality biodiesel blends (B5, B10, B15) of waste cooking oil and diesel fuel under low temperature and the temperature of the environment. Biodiesel samples were stored in glass containers under indoor conditions, and outdoor conditions for 10 weeks in total. These samples were monitored on a weekly basis through the test properties. The experimental density, viscosity, acid value, water content and flash point discussed in detail. Biodiesel storage at low temperatures is suitable and more advantageous because the impact on the physical properties is minimal and beneficial to slow down the degradation of biodiesel and storage.

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Fabrication and characterization of composite MoS2-TiO2 coating material

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science ◽

10.1177/09544062211015789 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095440622110157

Author(s):

Avinash V Borgaonkar ◽

Ismail Syed ◽

Shirish H Sonawane

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Scratch Resistance ◽

Substrate Material ◽

Coating Film ◽

Tribological Behaviour ◽

Molybdenum Disulphide ◽

Before And After ◽

Pre Treatment

Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) is a popularly used solid lubricant in various applications due to its superior tribological behaviour. However, it possesses poor wear resistance which requires further improvement. In the present study efforts have been made to enhance the tribological properties of pure MoS2 coating film by doping TiO2 nanoparticles as a reinforcement material. The Manganese phosphating is selected as a pre-treatment method to improve the bond strength between coating and substrate. The coating is bonded with the substrate material employing sodium silicate as a binder. The effects of wt. % of TiO2 onto the mechanical properties of composite MoS2-TiO2 coating such as hardness and bond strength have been studied. In addition coating microstructure before and after experimental test was studied using optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. It was also found that with increase in wt. % addition of TiO2 upto 15% into MoS2 base matrix, the hardness of coating increases proportionally. Beyond 15 wt. % addition of TiO2, the coating becomes brittle in nature. This leads to reduction in the scratch resistance.

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Electronic irradiation of TlInSxSe2−x (x = 1): Morphology, structure and raman scattering

International Journal of Modern Physics B ◽

10.1142/s0217979221502891 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

M. Yu. Tashmetov ◽

F. K. Khallokov ◽

N. B. Ismatov ◽

I. I. Yuldashova ◽

S. Kh. Umarov

Keyword(s):

Surface Morphology ◽

Single Crystal ◽

Single Phase ◽

Phase State ◽

Monoclinic Structure ◽

Average Value ◽

Single Phase State ◽

Before And After ◽

Electronic Irradiation ◽

The Difference

It is shown that the replacement of a part of sulfur atoms with selenium atoms in a TlInS2 single crystal stimulates the formation of a single-phase state with a monoclinic structure (space group [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] in TlInS[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]). Irradiation with 2 MeV electrons and a fluence of [Formula: see text] electron/cm2 of powder TlInS[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) leads to an increase in the crystallite size from 56.5 nm to 65 nm, which is most likely associated with a decrease in the interface. The difference between the surface morphology of the synthesized TlInS[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) single crystal and the surface morphology of the TlInS2 single crystal is established, which consists in a decrease in the height and width of the roughness in TlInS[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]). Irradiation of a TlInS[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) single crystal with electrons with a fluence of [Formula: see text] electron/cm2 does not lead to a change in the height of the tubercle on its surface, and the average value of its width increases more than ten-fold. The identity of the peaks in the Raman spectra of the TlInS[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) single crystal before and after its irradiation with electrons with an energy of 2 MeV and upto a fluence of [Formula: see text] electron/cm2, along with the absence of a shift of the peaks, indicates the radiation resistance of the TlInS[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) single crystal.

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