scholarly journals Optical metasurfaces for generating and manipulating optical vortex beams

Nanophotonics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hammad Ahmed ◽  
Hongyoon Kim ◽  
Yuebian Zhang ◽  
Yuttana Intaravanne ◽  
Jaehyuck Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Optical Manipulation ◽  
Optical Vortices ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Design Flexibility ◽  
Continuous Progress

Abstract Optical vortices (OVs) carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have attracted considerable interest in the field of optics and photonics owing to their peculiar optical features and extra degree of freedom for carrying information. Although there have been significant efforts to realize OVs using conventional optics, it is limited by large volume, high cost, and lack of design flexibility. Optical metasurfaces have recently attracted tremendous interest due to their unprecedented capability in the manipulation of the amplitude, phase, polarization, and frequency of light at a subwavelength scale. Optical metasurfaces have revolutionized design concepts in photonics, providing a new platform to develop ultrathin optical devices for the realization of OVs at subwavelength resolution. In this article, we will review the recent progress in optical metasurface-based OVs. We provide a comprehensive discussion on the optical manipulation of OVs, including OAM superposition, OAM sorting, OAM multiplexing, OAM holography, and nonlinear metasurfaces for OAM generation and manipulation. The rapid development of metasurface for OVs generation and manipulation will play an important role in many relevant research fields. We expect that metasurface will fuel the continuous progress of wearable and portable consumer electronics and optics where low-cost and miniaturized OAM related systems are in high demand.

scholarly journals ProxLogs: Miniaturised proximity loggers for monitoring association behaviour in small mammals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucinda Kirkpatrick ◽  
Ivan Hererra Olivares ◽  
Apia Massawe ◽  
Christopher Sabuni ◽  
Herwig Leirs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
List Type ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy

AbstractThe ability to monitor associations between wild animals is essential for understanding the processes governing gene transfer, information transfer, competition, predation and disease transmission.Until recently, such insights have been confined to large, visible or captive animals. However, the rapid development of miniature sensors for consumer electronics is allowing ecologists to monitor the natural world in ways previously considered impossible.Here we describe miniature (<1g) proximity loggers we have developed that use Bluetooth Low Energy transmission to register contacts between individuals. Our loggers are open source, low cost, rechargeable, able to store up to 2000 contacts, can be programmed in situ and can download data remotely or through a mobile phone application, increasing their utility in remote areas or with species which are challenging to recapture.We successfully trialled our loggers in a range of field realistic conditions, demonstrating that Bluetooth Low Energy is capable of logging associations in structurally complex habitats, and that changes in received signal strength can be equated to short range changes in distance between loggers. Furthermore, we tested the system on starlings (Sturnidae vulgaris).The ability to include other sensors is retained in our prototypes, allowing for the potential integration of physiological and behavioural inference into social networks derived from our approach. Due to its open source nature, small size, flexibility of use and the active research currently being undertaken with Bluetooth Low Energy, we believe that our approach is a valuable addition to the biologging toolkit.

scholarly journals A Multi-Loop Vehicle-Counting Method under Gray Mode and RGB Mode

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6831
Author(s):  
Yue Chen ◽  
Jian Lu
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Counting Method ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Available Information

With the rapid development of road traffic, real-time vehicle counting is very important in the construction of intelligent transportation systems (ITSs). Compared with traditional technologies, the video-based method for vehicle counting shows great importance and huge advantages in its low cost, high efficiency, and flexibility. However, many methods find difficulty in balancing the accuracy and complexity of the algorithm. For example, compared with traditional and simple methods, deep learning methods may achieve higher precision, but they also greatly increase the complexity of the algorithm. In addition to that, most of the methods only work under one mode of color, which is a waste of available information. Considering the above, a multi-loop vehicle-counting method under gray mode and RGB mode was proposed in this paper. Under gray and RGB modes, the moving vehicle can be detected more completely; with the help of multiple loops, vehicle counting could better deal with different influencing factors, such as driving behavior, traffic environment, shooting angle, etc. The experimental results show that the proposed method is able to count vehicles with more than 98.5% accuracy while dealing with different road scenes.

scholarly journals Pocket MUSE: an affordable, versatile and high-performance fluorescence microscope using a smartphone

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehe Liu ◽  
Andrew M. Rollins ◽  
Richard M. Levenson ◽  
Farzad Fereidouni ◽  
Michael W. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
Optical Module ◽  
Optical Configuration ◽  
User Friendly

AbstractSmartphone microscopes can be useful tools for a broad range of imaging applications. This manuscript demonstrates the first practical implementation of Microscopy with Ultraviolet Surface Excitation (MUSE) in a compact smartphone microscope called Pocket MUSE, resulting in a remarkably effective design. Fabricated with parts from consumer electronics that are readily available at low cost, the small optical module attaches directly over the rear lens in a smartphone. It enables high-quality multichannel fluorescence microscopy with submicron resolution over a 10× equivalent field of view. In addition to the novel optical configuration, Pocket MUSE is compatible with a series of simple, portable, and user-friendly sample preparation strategies that can be directly implemented for various microscopy applications for point-of-care diagnostics, at-home health monitoring, plant biology, STEM education, environmental studies, etc.

Latin learning and instruction as a research field

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-59
Author(s):  
Suzanne Adema
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Text Comprehension ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Translation Research ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Dictionary Use ◽  
Learning And Instruction

Abstract Empirical research on the learning and instruction of Latin is still scarce. In this article, relevant research is surveyed, along with publications that report experiences of classics teachers or provide teaching suggestions. An overview is presented of where to find publications on the learning and instruction of Latin, as well as a brief introduction to several relevant research methods. The article is organized by reference to various research fields relevant to the learning and instruction of Latin. These fields are classics and Latin linguistics, second language acquisition, vocabulary acquisition and dictionary use, reading and text comprehension, translation research and pedagogy, child development and psychology.

scholarly journals A Machine Vision Approach for Bioreactor Foam Sensing

2021 ◽  
pp. 247263032110088
Author(s):  
Jonas Austerjost ◽  
Robert Söldner ◽  
Christoffer Edlund ◽  
Johan Trygg ◽  
David Pollard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Machine Vision ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Automotive Applications ◽  
Fine Grained

Machine vision is a powerful technology that has become increasingly popular and accurate during the last decade due to rapid advances in the field of machine learning. The majority of machine vision applications are currently found in consumer electronics, automotive applications, and quality control, yet the potential for bioprocessing applications is tremendous. For instance, detecting and controlling foam emergence is important for all upstream bioprocesses, but the lack of robust foam sensing often leads to batch failures from foam-outs or overaddition of antifoam agents. Here, we report a new low-cost, flexible, and reliable foam sensor concept for bioreactor applications. The concept applies convolutional neural networks (CNNs), a state-of-the-art machine learning system for image processing. The implemented method shows high accuracy for both binary foam detection (foam/no foam) and fine-grained classification of foam levels.

The Design and Implementation of ECC High-Speed Encryption Engine Based on FPGA

2012 ◽  
Vol 459 ◽  
pp. 544-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liang ◽  
Jian Bo Xu ◽  
Wei Hong Huang ◽  
Li Peng
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Security Technology ◽  
Multiplication Algorithm ◽  
Secure Data Transmission ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Computation Speed

Network security technology ensures secure data transmission in network. Meanwhile, it brings extra overhead of security system in terms of cost and performance, which seriously affects the rapid development of existing high-speed encryption systems. The existing encryption technology cannot meet the demand of high security, low cost and high real-time. For solving above problems, an ECC encryption engine architecture based on scalable public key cipher and a high-speed configurable multiplication algorithm are designed. The algorithm was tested on FPGA platform and the experiment results show that the system has better computation speed and lower cost overhead. By comparing with other systems, our system has benefits in terms of hardware overhead and encryption time ratio

An application of high-temperature superconductors YBCO to magnetic separation

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (25) ◽  
pp. 1745001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiudong Guo ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Lin Bo ◽  
Guibin Zeng ◽  
Dengqian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Magnetic Separation ◽  
High Magnetic Field ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
High Temperature Superconductors ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Ybco Tape

With the rapid development of manufacturing technology of high temperature superconductive YB[Formula: see text]Cu3O[Formula: see text] YBCO materials and decreasing in cost of production, YBCO is marching into industrial areas with its good performances as source of high-magnetic field and rather low cost in reaching superconductivity. Based on analysis of the performance of high temperature superconductors YBCO and development of technology in superconductive magnetic separation both home and abroad, we propose a new approach of taking YBCO tape to make a solenoid as the source of a high magnetic field of magnetic separatior of ores. The paper also looks into the future of the YBCO high temperature superconductive magnetic separation from the perspective of technology and cost, as well as its applications in other industries.

Recovery Value Metals from Mixed Spent Li-Ion Batteries

2014 ◽  
Vol 540 ◽  
pp. 267-271
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Lin Yan Li ◽  
Fan Yun Zeng ◽  
Xue Jun Wang ◽  
Sheng Ming Xu
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Leaching Condition ◽  
Addition Amount

With the rapid development and wide application of Li-ion batteries, cathode materials containing value metals Co, Ni and Mn are blended by several kind of metal oxide presently for pursuing high safe stability and low cost. The composition of spent Li-ion batteries has become complicated and optimum leaching condition varied. In this paper, leaching process for the mixture of pure LiCoO2and Li (Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2was studied. With an increase in component of LiCoO2in mixed materials, the optimum leaching condition varied as: temperature from 60°C to 90°C, H2O2addition amount from 0.54 to 0.75ml/g and liquid-solid ratio from 10 to 20. According to this result, a real mixed spent batteries materials was recovered by being leached in 2M H2SO4at temperature of 90°C, liquid-solid ratio 20 and 0.6ml/g H2O2added. The leaching efficiencies of Co, Ni, Mn, Li were 96.88%, 93.71%, 92.12%, 99.43% respectively. Cu, Al and Fe in solution were removed by precipitation and solvent extraction. Finally, Ni, Co, Mn were extracted by D2EHPA for separating with Na+and other impurities, which is used as a raw materials for preparation of cathode active materials in batteries.

scholarly journals Mask R-CNN Based C. Elegans Detection with a DIY Microscope

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Sebastian Fudickar ◽  
Eike Jannik Nustede ◽  
Eike Dreyer ◽  
Julia Bornhorst
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Do It Yourself

Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is an important model organism for studying molecular genetics, developmental biology, neuroscience, and cell biology. Advantages of the model organism include its rapid development and aging, easy cultivation, and genetic tractability. C. elegans has been proven to be a well-suited model to study toxicity with identified toxic compounds closely matching those observed in mammals. For phenotypic screening, especially the worm number and the locomotion are of central importance. Traditional methods such as human counting or analyzing high-resolution microscope images are time-consuming and rather low throughput. The article explores the feasibility of low-cost, low-resolution do-it-yourself microscopes for image acquisition and automated evaluation by deep learning methods to reduce cost and allow high-throughput screening strategies. An image acquisition system is proposed within these constraints and used to create a large data-set of whole Petri dishes containing C. elegans. By utilizing the object detection framework Mask R-CNN, the nematodes are located, classified, and their contours predicted. The system has a precision of 0.96 and a recall of 0.956, resulting in an F1-Score of 0.958. Considering only correctly located C. elegans with an [email protected] IoU, the system achieved an average precision of 0.902 and a corresponding F1 Score of 0.906.

Detecting Malicious Switches for a Secure Software-defined Tactile Internet

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Bin Yuan ◽  
Chen Lin ◽  
Deqing Zou ◽  
Laurence Tianruo Yang ◽  
Hai Jin
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Linear Structure ◽  
Network Layers ◽  
High Speed Data ◽  
Network Status ◽  
Sdn Controller

The rapid development of the Internet of Things has led to demand for high-speed data transformation. Serving this purpose is the Tactile Internet, which facilitates data transfer in extra-low latency. In particular, a Tactile Internet based on software-defined networking (SDN) has been broadly deployed because of the proven benefits of SDN in flexible and programmable network management. However, the vulnerabilities of SDN also threaten the security of the Tactile Internet. Specifically, an SDN controller relies on the network status (provided by the underlying switches) to make network decisions, e.g., calculating a routing path to deliver data in the Tactile Internet. Hence, the attackers can compromise the switches to jeopardize the SDN and further attack Tactile Internet systems. For example, an attacker can compromise switches to launch distributed denial-of-service attacks to overwhelm the SDN controller, which will disrupt all the applications in the Tactile Internet. In pursuit of a more secure Tactile Internet, the problem of abnormal SDN switches in the Tactile Internet is analyzed in this article, including the cause of abnormal switches and their influences on different network layers. Then we propose an approach that leverages the messages sent by all switches to identify abnormal switches, which adopts a linear structure to store historical messages at a relatively low cost. By mapping each flow message to the flow establishment model, our method can effectively identify malicious SDN switches in the Tactile Internet and thus enhance its security.

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