scholarly journals On Love, Women, and Friendship: Reading Nietzsche with Irigaray

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willow Verkerk
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Luce Irigaray ◽  
Love Relationships ◽  
Cultural Expectations ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis essay examines Nietzsche’s accounts of love and the gender troubles of friendship. In many passages, Nietzsche situates love as an impairment to friendship. In particular, he believes that erotic or sexual love, understood as a drive that seeks to possess and control the other, prevents two people from entering into the shared project of friendship. Nietzsche implies that gender roles, and the cultural expectations associated with these types, make friendship very difficult between women and men. The reason why women in Nietzsche’s account cannot move from love relationships into friendship is because they are primarily esteemed for their fulfillment of gender stereotypes. In order to avoid the perils of assimilation, pointed to by Nietzsche, it is imperative to develop an ethics of friendship that changes the way people approach and love one another. Luce Irigaray present such an alternative with her account of wonder. She argues that recognition requires a negative movement in which one acknowledges one’s limits in understanding the other. Irigaray designates a transformative and activist potential to love, as a benefit to friendship in its erotic and practical qualities. She claims that when love is expressed alongside the passion of wonder there is a stronger potential for recognition between two people. With the assistance of Irigaray, this essay questions Nietzsche’s assessment that love is an impasse to friendship by asking if love need be as assimilating as Nietzsche proposes.

“New Lamps for Old”

1960 ◽  
Vol 106 (443) ◽  
pp. 713-717
Author(s):  
R. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Mental Deficiency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Royal Commission ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Welfare Services ◽  
Public Recognition ◽  
Administrative Procedures ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Way

Fifty-one years have elapsed since the Report of the Royal Commission on the Care and Control of the Feeble-minded was published and paved the way for the Mental Deficiency Act of 1913. Since that time two developments have taken place. On the one hand the administrative procedures for dealing with defectives on the basis of the Act and its amendments have been clearly defined and formalized. On the other there has been a continuous development and expansion of our social and welfare services. These developments, which should have been complementary in their aims, have in fact often proved conflicting in effect, because mental deficiency until very recently was bound to outmoded procedures which were designed to segregate the defective from the community rather than to integrate him with it, and give him the opportunities for re-socialization which our modern welfare services afford. The original belief that a hereditary neuropathic diathesis lay at the root, of most of our social ills and would sooner or later lead to national degeneracy has been replaced by scientific genetic studies, and by medical research into the aetiology of the condition, and the associated problems involved in the training and employability of the defective. Increasing professional and public recognition of the inherent faults of existing mental deficiency legislation led to the setting up of the Royal Commission on the Law Relating to Mental Illness and Mental Deficiency which published its report in May, 1957, and this in its turn has prepared the way for the Mental Health Bill which is at present in the final stages of its passage through Parliament.

The Image of Woman in the Sintren and Kuda Kepang Arts: Gender Reality and Aesthetic Exploration

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-376
Author(s):  
Wahyu Lestari ◽  
Veronica Eny Iryanti ◽  
Syukur Samuel Barus
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Analysis Procedure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
New Space ◽  
Adaptation Processes

The image of women that is actualized through the construction of gender roles, positions, and adaptation processes in artistic expression through Sintren and Kuda Kepang performances is very different. In this regard, the research aims to: (1) explain the forms of art performances of Sintren and Kuda Kepang; and (2) explain the image of women in the art performances of Sintren and Kuda Kepang in the context of gender reality and aesthetic exploration. The research was conducted on the art of Sintren Ujung Gede in Pemalang Regency and Kuda Kepang Turonggoseto in Semarang Regency. The research data were collected using the techniques of (1) observation, (2) interviews, and (3) document studies. The validity of the research data was carried out using the confirmability technique. The study used an interactive model analysis procedure, which was carried out with the stages of data collection, data reduction, data classification, and drawing conclusions. The results show that: (1) Sintren and Kuda Kepang arts are forms of traditional folk-art performances in which there is a scene of trance. This art is usually performed on stage or open arena by involving women as players; (2) The presence of women in the Sintren performances is a requirement that traditionally must be fulfilled until now. On the other hand, in the Kuda Kepang performances, the presence of women is a new phenomenon that provides opportunities and freedom for women to express themselves through dance. In the Sintren performance, the position of women becomes the center, subject, and object during the performance process. As a result, changes in the function of arts often result in the exploitation of Sintren dancers. On the other hand, in the Kuda Kepang art, the involvement of women with all their adaptations provides a new space for resistance to the existing gender stereotypes.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Gender Roles in Tea Sector in Embu and Murang’a Counties, Kenya: A Case Study of Smallholder Tea Farmers

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Samson M. Makone ◽  
Naphis M. Bitange ◽  
Nathan O. Soire ◽  
Eveline A. Odero
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
And Control

<div><p><em>Men and women perform different roles within the household and in agricultural sector. However, women’s roles are more strenuous and more pronounced and they work extra hours in providing the much needed labour on the tea farms than the men counterpart. But in spite of women’s much involvement in agricultural sector, they undergo discrimination in all aspects not only related to land ownership but also kept out when it comes to control and access to the benefits accrued from tea farming. This study therefore sought to determine gender roles in tea production in Embu and Murang’a counties and also to assess the accessibility and control over the benefits accrued from tea farming by gender. Stratified random sampling; simple random sampling and Purposive sampling techniques were used to sample 276 respondents from estimated target population of </em><em>18,000 tea growers from the two counties under study. </em><em>The study established that women perform more roles in tea plantation than their male counterparts. The findings clearly demonstrated that the most tedious and difficult roles that took long hours to accomplish were assigned to the women for instance, the plucking of tea, taking green leaves to the buying centre and collecting/receiving pay slips from the factory or buying centre was majorly done by the women but it’s men who goes to the bank to earn bonus and monthly payments for the work didn’t participate and also  attending annual general meetings (AGMs) or any meetings at the factory or buying centre and even organized educational forums and surveys since they knew that at the end of it they would either receive certificate of participation and more importantly sitting allowance. The finding further revealed that, men were assigned themselves roles that lighter duties that might require bit of skills such as pruning of tea bushes and nursery establishment. On the other hand women are unable to attend the forums or meetings because of numerous roles waiting for them ranging from household chores to agricultural production. Although conflicts have been in arise over the control of proceeds of tea sales because men receive the benefits and women who worked for them do not seem to benefit much, this gender discrimination had negatively affected tea production and by extension resulted in decline of tea yields and neglected tea bush. This study recommends that Kenya tea development agency to increase its sensitization forums and conducts regular workshops to educate the tea growers on gender balance in regards to distribution of proceeds from tea sales, access to and control over tea benefits. This could not only help to empower and motivate women but also demystify the gender stereotypes that men have about women and therefore eliminate gender discrimination in tea growing communities.</em></p></div>

scholarly journals Eclectic Revolution: Illusory Femininity and Two-Fold Mimicry in Gertrude Stein’s Three Lives

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Rodríguez Salas
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gertrude Stein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Canon ◽  
Luce Irigaray ◽  
Feminine Identity ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
The One ◽  
Three Lives

In the present paper we discuss Gertrude Stein’s in-between position in the literary canon by alluding to her eclectic literary revolution. On the one hand, she is excluded from the patriarchal canon due to her disruptive style. On the other, she postulates a milder kind of revolution, in line with Luce Irigaray’s tenets, which implies a conscious reproduction of a constructed “femininity” in women (as opposed to the non-strategic and unconscious imitation of traditional gender roles) that finally unmasks the illusive character of a distinctive feminine identity. In her opinion, everything is a construct of the pervasive patriarchal model, where women reproduce an individuality taylored for them rather than their essential identity that is also ultimately questioned.

scholarly journals Gender Stereotypes in Advertising

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2 (12)) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Anna Kniazian
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Group ◽  
The Way

The portrayal of men and women in advertising has received conside rable atten - tion over the last several decades, both by practitioners and academics. Research has primarily focused on the visual portrayal of men and women in advertising, within the realm of which, there appears to be a fundamental difference in the way men and women are portrayed. Men are generally stereotyped as competent, assertive, independent, and achievement oriented, whereas women are generally stereotyped as warm, sociable, interdependent, and relationship-oriented. Women are more often portrayed as young and concerned with physical attractiveness than their male counterparts. Masculine and feminine stereotypes are complementary in the sense that each gender group is seen as possessing a set of strengths that balance out their own weaknesses and that supplement the assumed strengths of the other group.

scholarly journals UM MUNDO DE PRINCESAS E SUPER-HERÓIS: representações de gênero em encarte publicitário

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Patrícia Oliveira de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Key Words ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gender Representations ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Femininity And Masculinity ◽  
The Universe ◽  
By Products ◽  
The Way

O presente texto apresenta uma reflexão sobre papéis de gênero transmitidos na publicidade direcionada ao público infantil. O material analisado foi o encarte publicitário de uma rede de lojas divulgado por ocasião do dia das crianças, em 2014. O estudo buscou perceber a maneira como são retratadas as imagens das meninas e dos meninos no referido material. A análise do material evidenciou uma forma polarizada ao retratar as crianças. A avaliação do material permitiu perceber uma associação dos meninos ao universo da aventura através de mercadorias com apelo aos super-heróis e as meninas ao universo da beleza materializado a partir de produtos ligados às princesas. Foi possível perceber que o encarte veiculou modelos estereotipados de feminilidade e de masculinidade. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Representações de Gênero; Publicidade; Dia das Crianças. RESUMENEste artículo presenta una reflexión sobre los roles de género transmitidos en la publicidad dirigida a los niños. El material analizado fue el folleto publicitário de una red de tiendas publicado em la época del Día del Niño en 2014. Esta investigación buscó comprender la forma en que se retratan imágenes de niñas y niños en el dicho material. El análisis del material mostró una manera polarizada de retratar los niños. Este material nos permitió percibir una asociación de los niños al mundo de la aventura por médio de artículos vinculados con los superhéroes y de las niñas al mundo de la belleza que se materializó en productos vinculados con las princesas. Se reveló que el folleto publicitário mostró modelos estereotipados de feminidad y masculinidad . KEY-WORDS: Representaciones de género; Publicidad; Dia del Niño.  ABSTRACTThis text presents a reflection on gender roles transmitted by publicity for infants. The material that was analyzed was an ad of a store chain, published in occasion of the kids’ day, in 2014. The study aimed to notice the way in which the images of boys and girls are shown in this material. The analysis of this material showed a polarized way to refer to kids. The evaluation of that ad made it possible to realize that there is a link between the boys and the universe of the adventure, by commodities with an appeal for super heroes, and, on the other hand, a link between the girls and the universe of beauty, materialized by products that had to do with princesses. It was possible to notice that the ad transmitted stereotyped models of femininity and masculinity. PALABRAS CLAVE: Gender representations; Publicity; Kids Day. 

scholarly journals Deconstruction of Male and Female Characters’ Qualities in Zootopia

K ta Kita ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
William Teddy
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Feminine Gender

This research aims to analyze the representation of male and female characters’ qualities that are portrayed in  Zootopia. The research also aims to show how the qualities are deconstructed as well as how to deconstruct the deconstruction in the movie as a method of analysis. Through the analysis the writer finds that the representation of qualities in Zootopia follows the traditional gender stereotypes, where men are considered superior than women. However, as the story progresses, the writer finds that the qualities in the movie are gradually deconstructed, showing that women are superior than men. After deconstructing the deconstruction in the movie, the writer finds that meaning can “disseminate” or can be perceived in different ways. Furthermore, from the analysis, the writer finds that both oppositions are actually interdependent to each other and complement as a whole. This means neither of the oppositions is stronger or weaker than the other. Keywords: Gender roles, Masculine and Feminine Gender Stereotypes, Deconstruction, Binary Opposition, Violent Hierarchy

Prothrombin Time Standardization: Report of the Expert Panel on Oral Anticoagulant Control

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 1073-1114 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rabbit Brain ◽  
Calibration Constant ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Point Of Intersection ◽  
And Control ◽  
Standardization Report

SummaryIn collaborative experiments in 199 laboratories, nine commercial thromboplastins, four thromboplastins held by the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBS & C), London and the British Comparative Thromboplastin were tested on fresh normal and coumarin plasmas, and on three series of freeze-dried plasmas. One of these was made from coumarin plasmas and the other two were prepared from normal plasmas; in each series, one plasma was normal and the other two represented different degrees of coumarin defect.Each thromboplastin was calibrated against NIBS&C rabbit brain 70/178, from the slope of the line joining the origin to the point of intersection of the mean ratios of coumarin/normal prothrombin times when the ratios obtained with the two thromboplastins on the same fresh plasmas were plotted against each other. From previous evidence, the slopes were calculated which would have been obtained against the NIBS&C “research standard” thromboplastin 67/40, and termed the “calibration constant” of each thromboplastin. Values obtained from the freeze-dried coumarin plasmas gave generally similar results to those from fresh plasmas for all thromboplastins, whereas values from the artificial plasmas agreed with those from fresh plasmas only when similar thromboplastins were being compared.Taking into account the slopes of the calibration lines and the variation between laboratories, precision in obtaining a patient’s prothrombin time was similar for all thromboplastins.

Development and regional planning within the decentralized administrative frame: case study (the Jordanian Experiment)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
Mansour Safran
Keyword(s):  
Regional Planning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Administrative Procedures ◽  
The Way

This aims to review and analyze the Jordanian experiment in the developmental regional planning field within the decentralized managerial methods, which is considered one of the primary basic provisions for applying and success of this kind of planning. The study shoed that Jordan has passed important steps in the way for implanting the decentralized administration, but these steps are still not enough to established the effective and active regional planning. The study reveled that there are many problems facing the decentralized regional planning in Jordan, despite of the clear goals that this planning is trying to achieve. These problems have resulted from the existing relationship between the decentralized administration process’ dimensions from one side, and between its levels which ranged from weak to medium decentralization from the other side, In spite of the official trends aiming at applying more of the decentralized administrative policies, still high portion of these procedures are theoretical, did not yet find a way to reality. Because any progress or success at the level of applying the decentralized administrative policies doubtless means greater effectiveness and influence on the development regional planning in life of the residents in the kingdom’s different regions. So, it is important to go a head in applying more steps and decentralized administrative procedures, gradually and continuously to guarantee the control over any negative effects that might result from Appling this kind of systems.   © 2018 JASET, International Scholars and Researchers Association

Dry chip feedrate control using online chip moisture

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (05) ◽  
pp. 295-305
Author(s):  
Wesley Gilbert ◽  
Ivan Trush ◽  
Bruce Allison ◽  
Randy Reimer ◽  
Howard Mason
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Rate Control ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Process Variability ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Feedback Control Strategy ◽  
And Control

Normal practice in continuous digester operation is to set the production rate through the chip meter speed. This speed is seldom, if ever, adjusted except to change production, and most of the other digester inputs are ratioed to it. The inherent assumption is that constant chip meter speed equates to constant dry mass flow of chips. This is seldom, if ever, true. As a result, the actual production rate, effective alkali (EA)-to-wood and liquor-to-wood ratios may vary substantially from assumed values. This increases process variability and decreases profits. In this report, a new continuous digester production rate control strategy is developed that addresses this shortcoming. A new noncontacting near infrared–based chip moisture sensor is combined with the existing weightometer signal to estimate the actual dry chip mass feedrate entering the digester. The estimated feedrate is then used to implement a novel feedback control strategy that adjusts the chip meter speed to maintain the dry chip feedrate at the target value. The report details the results of applying the new measurements and control strategy to a dual vessel continuous digester.

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