Dynamic-head space GC-MS analysis of volatile odorous compounds generated from unbleached and bleached pulps and effects on strength properties during ageing

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izhar Alam ◽  
Swati Sood ◽  
Chhaya Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Bleached Pulp ◽  
Tensile Index ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Odorous Compounds ◽  
Unbleached Pulp

Abstract Mixed hardwood unbleached (UB) and final bleached (FB) pulp along with the pulp of intermediate bleaching stages from an integrated paper mill have been undertaken for this study. Headspace GC-MS analysis of these pulps was made to identify the odorous compounds which are volatile organic compounds (VOCs), generated during ageing for 60 days. The result showed that a number of pre-generated VOCs such as aliphatic hydrocarbons and aldehydes are observed in the pulp sample which might be came from the process and it has been observed that upon ageing at ambient conditions, some acid functionalized VOC were generated in the pulp. The generation of these VOCs were established by ATR-FTIR analysis and the results showed that intensity of peak absorbance near 3340  cm − 1 {\text{cm}^{-1}} and 1641  cm − 1 {\text{cm}^{-1}} which represents the –OH stretching of acidic functional group and C=O stretch of aldehyde and acidic functional groups increased after ageing. Generation of acid functionalized volatile compounds were observed more in bleached pulp than in unbleached pulp. Degree of polymerization (DP) is pretty much related to the strength of paper. DP of both unbleached and bleached pulp gets reduced upon ageing while more reduction were observed in bleached pulp. Bleached pulps are more prone to degrade as compared to the unbleached pulp in terms of strength properties such as tensile index, breaking length, burst and double fold were observed. 12.3 % and 21.8 % reduction in tensile index was observed for UB and final bleached FB pulp respectively. Burst index of UB and FB pulp were found reduced to 23.8 % and 41.9 % respectively due to ageing. Reduction in the mechanical and optical properties was also observed in intermediate bleaching stages. There is much evidence for the contribution of VOCs to the degradation of paper. The results are strongly suggested that acid functionalized volatile compounds can have strong effects on degradation of cellulosic paper.

Atmospheric Acetic Acid Pulping of Rice Straw II: Behavior of Ash and Silica in Rice Straw during Atmospheric Acetic Acid Pulping and Bleaching

Holzforschung ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.-J. Pan ◽  
Y. Sano ◽  
T. Ito
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Bleached Pulp ◽  
Fractionation Analysis ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Unbleached Pulp

Summary A detailed examination was made of the behavior and distribution of ash and silica during atmospheric acetic acid pulping and subsequent bleaching of rice straw. Ash-rich pulps (in unbleached pulp, about 18%; and in bleached pulp, 16%) with matchable strength properties for conventional alkaline pulps were obtained from rice straw by acetic acid pulping. More than 50% of the ash and about 75% of the silica in rice straw were retained in the pulp after pulping. Because only those acid-soluble mineral components were dissolved during acetic acid pulping, the ash remained in the pulp consisted mainly of silica (92.9% of the ash in unbleached pulp and 97.3% of the ash in bleached pulp). Although part of the ash dissolved during bleaching, the ash content of bleached pulp was still 15.5%, a value much higher than that in other conventional pulps. This type of ash might be good as a filler for paper. Fractionation analysis and the profile and mapping of silica by scanning electron microscope combined with an energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDXA) indicated that the silica in the bleached pulp was located mainly in epidermal cells and not in other elements, such as fibers and parenchyma, and that the silica-rich epidermal cells were scattered throughout the pulp as single cells or in bundles.

Chemical, anatomical, and technology aspects of Eucalyptus benthamii and Eucalyptus dunii for use in an integrated pulp and paper mill

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
GISELY SAMISTRARO ◽  
PETER W. HART ◽  
JORGE LUIZ COLODETTE ◽  
RICARDO PAIM
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Physical Strength

Eucalyptus dunii has been commercially used in southern Brazil because of its relatively good frost tolerance and adequate productivity in the winter months. More recently, interest has grown in cultivating Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage, which presents even superior frost tolerance compared to E. dunii and is highly productive as well. The quality of E. benthamii for pulp production is not yet proven. Thus, the chemical, anatomical, and technological aspects of pulp made from E. benthamii were compared with those of E. dunii for unbleached paper production. Samples of E. benthamii chips were obtained and analyzed for their basic density, chemical composition, higher heating value, trace elemental analysis, and chip size distribution. The chips were kraft cooked using conditions that produced a 74 ± 6 kappa number. The pulps were characterized for kappa number, yield, viscosity, and morphologic characteristics (e.g., length, wall thickness, and coarseness). Black liquor was analyzed for total solids, organics, inorganics, sodium sulfide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium carbonate. Brownstocks were beaten at five different energy levels in a Valley beater, and the physical strength properties of 120 g/m² handsheets were measured to develop a beater curve. The results of this study showed differences in delignification between the two woods and lower pulp yield for E. benthamii , which are related to their chemical compositions and basic densities. The E. benthamii studied in this work exhibited higher amounts of lignin and extractives, lower carbohydrate content, and lower basic density. However, cooking a blend of the two woods afforded good results in pulping and in physical pulp properties.

scholarly journals Cultivation Conditions Change Aroma Volatiles of Strawberry Fruit

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Yunduan Li ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Xincheng Liu ◽  
Yuwei Xiao ◽  
Zuying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Aroma Volatiles ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

Volatile compounds principally contribute to flavor of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruit. Besides to genetics, cultivation conditions play an important role in fruit volatile formation. Compared to soil culture as control, effects of substrate culture on volatile compounds of two strawberry cultivars (‘Amaou’ and ‘Yuexin’) were investigated. GC-MS analysis revealed significant difference in volatile contents of ‘Amaou’ strawberry caused by substrate culture. No significant effect was observed for cultivar ‘Yuexin’. For ‘Amaou’ strawberry from soil culture produced higher volatile contents compared with substrate culture. This difference is contributed by high contents of esters, lactones, ketones, aldehydes, terpenes, hydrocarbons, acids, furans and phenols in ‘Amaou’ strawberry fruit from soil culture. Furanones, beta-linalool, trans-Nerolidol and esters are major contributor to strawberry aroma, whose contents are higher in soil culture planted fruit when compared to substrate culture. Moreover, strawberry fruit from soil culture had higher transcripts related to volatile biosynthesis were observed, including FaQR, FaOMT, FaNES1, FaSAAT and FaAAT2.

GC-MS analysis of ethanol and other volatile compounds in micro-volume blood samples—quantifying neonatal exposure

2013 ◽  
Vol 405 (12) ◽  
pp. 4139-4147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Cordell ◽  
Hitesh Pandya ◽  
Marie Hubbard ◽  
Mark A. Turner ◽  
Paul S. Monks
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Neonatal Exposure ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Volume Blood

Optimization of chemical and enzymatic deinking of photocopier waste paper

BioResources ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 447-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puneet Pathak ◽  
Nishi K. Bhardwaj ◽  
Ajay K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Cellulase Enzyme ◽  
Tensile Index ◽  
Drainage Time ◽  
Tear Index ◽  
The World ◽  
Better Than

The utilization of post-consumer papers in the production of new paper products is increasing all over the world in recent years. Recycling of photocopier paper is a major problem due to difficulty in removal of non-impact ink. Enzymes offer potential advantages in ecofriendly deinking of recovered paper. In this study the deinking of photocopier paper was examined using chemicals and a commercial cellulase enzyme. Parameters of deinking experiments were optimized for hydrapulping. The ink was removed by flotation and washing processes. Then these parameters were compared in terms of ink removal ability of the process, as well as optical and strength properties of the deinked paper. The application of enzymatic deinking improved ink removal efficiency by 24.6% and freeness by 21.6% with a reduction in drainage time of 11.5% in comparison to those obtained with chemical deinking. The physical properties, namely burst index and tensile index, were observed to improve by 15.3% and 2.7%, respectively and brightness and tear index decreased by 2.1% and 21.9%, respectively. Results of deinking efficiency of photocopier paper showed that the enzyme used in the present work performed better than the conventional chemicals used for deinking.

Mild enzymatic treatment of bleached pulp for tissue production

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 4221-4236
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kmiotek ◽  
Katarzyna Dybka-Stępień ◽  
Anna Karmazyn
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Enzymatic Treatment ◽  
Fiber Structure ◽  
Tissue Paper ◽  
Fiber Properties ◽  
Bleached Pulp ◽  
Tissue Production

Effects of cellulase enzymatic treatment followed by mechanical beating were evaluated relative to the properties of cellulase-derived tissue pulps and handsheets. When different cellulase concentrations (0.0012 FPU/g, 0.0018 FPU/g, and 0.0024 FPU/g) of oven dried pulp (a 65/35 w/w ratio of beech to eucalyptus) were used for tissue production, a slight deterioration of the morphological characteristics was observed. Thus, a possibility of controlling the changes in the degree of polymerization of cellulose, as well as the fiber properties (in particular the length and coarseness) appeared. With an increased treatment time and enzyme concentration, these effects increased. The enzyme activity did not affect the apparent density of the paper, but the porosity drastically increased. The zero-span strength of the enzymatically treated pulps decreased with an increase in treatment time and amount of cellulase. However, mechanical beating improved the bonding between the cellulase fibers, which helped prevent the eventual decrease in mechanical properties of the handsheets. With the use of cellulase, the proposed moderate changes to fiber structure were achieved, giving the possibility of predicting and controlling the properties of tissue paper.

scholarly journals Strong paper from spruce CTMP – Part II: Effect of pressing at nip press temperatures above the lignin softening temperature

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Norgren ◽  
Gunilla Pettersson ◽  
Hans Höglund
Keyword(s):  
Compression Strength ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Softening Temperature ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Kraft Pulps ◽  
Cationic Starch ◽  
Tensile Index ◽  
Very High

Abstract The main objective of the current study was to demonstrate that it is possible to enhance strength properties of sheets from spruce HT-CTMP and CTMP furnishes up to the same level as is common on sheets from softwood kraft pulps by changing conditions in papermaking. To achieve that, sheets of spruce HT-CTMP and CTMP were consolidated at densities close to that of the reference bleach kraft pulp by pressing at press nip temperatures well above the tack and softening temperatures of lignin. On sheets from spruce CTMP (CSF 420 ml), where the fibers were surface treated with cationic starch, it was possible to reach tensile index at the same level as on sheets from the untreated reference kraft pulp. The compression strength (SCT) of CTMP and HT-CTMP sheets, which were achieved at the highest press nip temperature (200 °C) in the study, was equal to or higher than that of the reference kraft pulp sheets. The results show that there is a great yet unexploited potential in papermaking from spruce HT-CTMP and CTMP furnishes, which could be utilized in manufacturing of products where very high requirements upon strength is demanded.

PTR-TOF-MS analysis of volatile compounds in olive fruits

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 1428-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Masi ◽  
Annalisa Romani ◽  
Camilla Pandolfi ◽  
Daniela Heimler ◽  
Stefano Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Tof Ms

Eugenol Found by GC-MS Analysis of The Methanolic Extract of The Fruit Pulp of Indigenous Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Variety, Champa from Murshidabad District of West Bengal, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitu De ◽  
Susanta Ray ◽  
Subhasree Dutta ◽  
Santi Ranjan Dey
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Bioactive Component ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Michelia Champaca

Indigenous mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties have unique aroma, taste, flavour, texture and size. The interactions among volatile compounds and with sugars and acids have a role in the distinct mango flavor. Murshidabad district of West Bengal has several indigenous mango varieties that have unique attributes like taste and aroma. The indigenous Champa mango variety of Murshidabad district has a distinct aroma very similar to that of the champaka flower (Michelia champaca L.). The present investigation was to determine if there was any phyto-chemical which could be responsible for the distinct and unique aroma present in the mango variety Champa. Eugenol, a phytogenic bioactive component frequently found in diversified herbal plants was found by GC-MS analysis of the methanolic extract of the fruit pulp of indigenous mango variety, Champa.

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