More on the articulation of devoiced [u] in Tokyo Japanese: effects of surrounding consonants

Phonetica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Shaw ◽  
Shigeto Kawahara
Keyword(s):  
Linear Interpolation ◽  
Combination Effect ◽  
Past Work ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
The Core ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Stimulus Set ◽  
Tokyo Japanese

Abstract Past work investigating the lingual articulation of devoiced vowels in Tokyo Japanese has revealed optional but categorical deletion. Some devoiced vowels retained a full lingual target, just like their voiced counterparts, whereas others showed trajectories that are best modelled as targetless, i.e., linear interpolation between the surrounding vowels. The current study explored the hypothesis that this probabilistic deletion is modulated by the identity of the surrounding consonants. A new EMA experiment with an extended stimulus set replicates the core finding of Shaw, Jason & Shigeto Kawahara. 2018b. The lingual gesture of devoiced [u] in Japanese. Journal of Phonetics 66. 100–119. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2017.09.007 that Japanese devoiced [u] sometimes lacks a tongue body raising gesture. The current results moreover show that surrounding consonants do indeed affect the probability of tongue dorsum targetlessness. We found that deletion of devoiced vowels is affected by the place of articulation of the preceding consonant; deletion is more likely following a coronal fricative than a labial fricative. Additionally, we found that the manner combination of the flanking consonants, fricative–fricative versus fricative–stop, also has an effect, at least for some speakers; however, unlike the effect of C1 place, the direction of the manner combination effect varies across speakers with some deleting more often in fricative–stop environments and others more often in fricative–fricative environments.

scholarly journals Introduction of the harmonised respiratory physiotherapy curriculum

Breathe ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Troosters ◽  
Nathalie Tabin ◽  
Daniel Langer ◽  
Chris Burtin ◽  
Michelle Chatwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postgraduate Training ◽  
Task Force ◽  
European Respiratory Society ◽  
The Core ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Respiratory Physiotherapy ◽  
Supplementary Material

Building on the core syllabus for postgraduate training in respiratory physiotherapy, published in 2014, the European Respiratory Society (ERS) respiratory physiotherapy task force has developed a harmonised and structured postgraduate curriculum for respiratory physiotherapy training. The curriculum outlines the knowledge, skills and attitudes which must be mastered by a respiratory physiotherapist working with adult or paediatric patients, together with guidance for minimal clinical exposures, and forms of learning and assessment.This article presents the rationale, methodology and content of the ERS respiratory physiotherapy curriculum. The full curriculum can be found in the supplementary material.

Illuminating the core of adaptive immunity—how the regulatory genome controls Rag chromatin dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (51) ◽  
pp. eabd6427
Author(s):  
Xun Wang ◽  
Ellen V. Rothenberg
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chromatin Dynamics ◽  
Related Research ◽  
The Core ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Super Enhancer ◽  
Regulatory Genome ◽  
Topological Changes

E2A specifies adaptive immunity by instructing large-scale topological changes for Rag gene super-enhancer formation (see the related Research Article by Miyazaki et al.).

scholarly journals A Role for Mediator Core in Limiting Coactivator Recruitment in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Genetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 215 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Yarrington ◽  
Yaxin Yu ◽  
Chao Yan ◽  
Lu Bai ◽  
David J. Stillman
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Gene Activation ◽  
Mediator Complex ◽  
Transcriptional Coactivator ◽  
The Core ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Upstream Activating Sequence ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms

Mediator is an essential, multisubunit complex that functions as a transcriptional coactivator in yeast and other eukaryotic organisms. Mediator has four conserved modules, Head, Middle, Tail, and Kinase, and has been implicated in nearly all aspects of gene regulation. The Tail module has been shown to recruit the Mediator complex to the enhancer or upstream activating sequence (UAS) regions of genes via interactions with transcription factors, and the Kinase module facilitates the transition of Mediator from the UAS/enhancer to the preinitiation complex via protein phosphorylation. Here, we analyze expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HO gene using a sin4 Mediator Tail mutation that separates the Tail module from the rest of the complex; the sin4 mutation permits independent recruitment of the Tail module to promoters without the rest of Mediator. Significant increases in recruitment of the SWI/SNF and SAGA coactivators to the HO promoter UAS were observed in a sin4 mutant, along with increased gene activation. These results are consistent with recent studies that have suggested that the Kinase module functions negatively to inhibit activation by the Tail. However, we found that Kinase module mutations did not mimic the effect of a sin4 mutation on HO expression. This suggests that at HO the core Mediator complex (Middle and Head modules) must play a role in limiting Tail binding to the promoter UAS and gene activation. We propose that the core Mediator complex helps modulate Mediator binding to the UAS regions of genes to limit coactivator recruitment and ensure proper regulation of gene transcription.

scholarly journals Prior treatment status: impact on the efficacy and safety of teriflunomide in multiple sclerosis

BMC Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Comi ◽  
Mark S. Freedman ◽  
José E. Meca-Lallana ◽  
Patrick Vermersch ◽  
Byoung Joon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Prior Treatment ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
The Core ◽  
Treatment Status ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Phase 2 Trial ◽  
Patient Attrition ◽  
Treatment Naïve

Abstract Background In this pooled, post hoc analysis of a phase 2 trial and the phase 3 TEMSO, TOWER, and TENERE clinical trials, long-term efficacy and safety of teriflunomide were assessed in subgroups of patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) defined by prior treatment status. Methods Patients were classified according to their prior treatment status in the core and core plus extension periods. In the core period, patients were grouped according to treatment status at the start of the study: treatment naive (no prior disease-modifying therapy [DMT] or DMT > 2 years prior to randomization), previously treated with another DMT (DMT > 6 to ≤24 months prior to randomization), and recently treated with another DMT (DMT ≤6 months prior to randomization). In the core plus extension period, patients were re-baselined to the time of starting teriflunomide 14 mg and grouped according to prior treatment status at that time point. Efficacy endpoints included annualized relapse rate (ARR), probability of confirmed disability worsening (CDW) over 12 weeks, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score. The incidence of adverse events was also assessed. Results Most frequently received prior DMTs at baseline were glatiramer acetate and interferon beta-1a across treatment groups. Teriflunomide 14 mg significantly reduced ARR versus placebo in the core period, regardless of prior treatment status. In the core and extension periods, adjusted ARRs were low (0.193–0.284) in patients treated with teriflunomide 14 mg across all subgroups. Probability of CDW by Year 4 was similar across subgroups; by Year 5, the percentage of patients with 12-week CDW was similar in treatment-naive patients and patients recently treated with another DMT (33.9 and 33.7%, respectively). EDSS scores were stable over time in all prior-treatment subgroups. There were no new or unexpected safety signals. Limitations include selective bias due to patient attrition, variability in subgroup size, and lack of magnetic resonance imaging outcomes. Conclusions The efficacy and safety of teriflunomide 14 mg was similar in all patients with relapsing MS, regardless of prior treatment history. Trial registration Phase 2 trial core: NCT01487096; Phase 2 trial extension: NCT00228163; TEMSO core: NCT00134563; TEMSO extension: NCT00803049; TOWER: NCT00751881; TENERE: NCT00883337.

scholarly journals Cutting to the Core of the Issue: Emerging Strategies To Reduce Prostate Biopsy-Related Infections

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 2431-2435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin R. Chamberland
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Prostate Biopsy ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
The United States ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Published Data ◽  
The Core ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Transrectal Prostate Biopsy

Over 1 million men undergo biopsy in the United States each year to evaluate for prostate cancer (S. Loeb, H. B. Carter, S. I. Berndt, W. Ricker, and E. M. Schaeffer, J Urol 186:1830–1834, 2011,http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2011.06.057). In recent years, there has been a rise in infectious complications related to these procedures. This review aims to provide an overview of the guidelines that direct transrectal prostate biopsy, to describe associated infection, and to evaluate the published data driving the current trend toward prebiopsy screening for resistant organisms.

scholarly journals openTSNE: a modular Python library for t-SNE dimensionality reduction and embedding

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlin G. Poličar ◽  
Martin Stražar ◽  
Blaž Zupan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Dimensionality Reduction ◽  
Batch Effects ◽  
The Core ◽  
Link Type

AbstractSummaryPoint-based visualisations of large, multi-dimensional data from molecular biology can reveal meaningful clusters. One of the most popular techniques to construct such visualisations is t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE), for which a number of extensions have recently been proposed to address issues of scalability and the quality of the resulting visualisations. We introduce openTSNE, a modular Python library that implements the core t-SNE algorithm and its extensions. The library is orders of magnitude faster than existing popular implementations, including those from scikit-learn. Unique to openTSNE is also the mapping of new data to existing embeddings, which can surprisingly assist in solving batch effects.AvailabilityopenTSNE is available at https://github.com/pavlin-policar/[email protected], [email protected]

scholarly journals Arabic “Raa” between Plosiveness and Friction

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Tareq Ibrahim Al-Ziyadat
Keyword(s):  
Hard Palate ◽  
Vocal Cords ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Issue ◽  
Three Stages

The study aims to elucidate plosiveness and friction in the “Raa”, (the tenth alphabet in Arabic) benefiting from what the ancient and modern scholars said on the issue. The core issue of the study is Sibawey’s classification of the “Raa” a tense phoneme in whose articulation the sound repeatedly flows leaning toward the articulation of “Lam” (23 Arabic alphabet) avoiding laxity. Had not the sound repeated, we wouldn’t have had the “Raa”. Tensity (plosiveness) and frication are two contradictory features which can never have the same place of articulation. The sound is articulated at stages, each of which has its own features. After analysis, it was found that the articulation of “Raa” passes through three stages. In the second, in the space between vocal cords and top of the tongue the “Raa” is fricative, while in the third, the closure stage between top of the tongue and hard palate, the “Raa” is plosive but this plosiveness is less in intensity than that of plosive phonemes. Therefore the “Raa” can be neither plosive, nor fricative, but in between “medial”.

scholarly journals VitiMeteo and Agrometeo: Two platforms for plant protection management based on an international collaboration

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 01036 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.H. Dubuis ◽  
G. Bleyer ◽  
R. Krause ◽  
O. Viret ◽  
A-L. Fabre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Core ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
New Policies

The negative effects of plant protection products on the human health and the environment have become a major concern for consumers and politics in Europe. In the last years new policies for risk mitigation and reduction of use of synthetic pesticides has been enforce in Europe and Switzerland. A possible strategy to reduce the use of plant protection products is to spray according to the epidemic of diseases and pests by following decision support systems (DSS). The platform VitiMeteo offers a wide set of forecasting models for viticulture including downy and powdery mildew, black rot, grape berry moth and rust mite. Two research institutes the Staatliches Weinbauinstitut Freiburg (Germany) and Agroscope (Switzerland) developed VitiMeteo jointly. A consortium was built with the company Geosens (Germany) which is in charge of the programming of the different forecasting software. Each institute is running his own internet website with specific tools and feature for each country but the core of the system is the same. The combination of these different DSS allows a significant reduction of plant protection products used. All these forecasting systems and tools are freely available for the winegrowers on the platform www.vitimeteo.de and www.agrometeo.ch. The use of these platforms helps the winegrowers to meet current society's expectations.

scholarly journals MorphOT: Transport-based interpolation between EM maps with UCSF ChimeraX

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Ecoffet ◽  
Frédéric Poitevin ◽  
Khanh Dao Duc
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optimal Transport ◽  
Linear Interpolation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Conformational Heterogeneity ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Image Dataset ◽  
Standard Linear ◽  
Unique Potential

AbstractMotivationCryogenic Electron-Microscopy offers the unique potential to capture conformational heterogeneity, by solving multiple 3D classes that co-exist within a single cryo-EM image dataset. To investigate the extent and implications of such heterogeneity, we propose to use an optimal-transport based metric to interpolate barycenters between EM maps and produce morphing trajectories. While standard linear interpolation mostly fails to produce realistic transitions, our method yields continuous trajectories that displace densities to morph one map into the other, instead of blending them.ImplementationOur method is implemented as a plug-in for ChimeraX called MorphOT, which allows the use of both CPU or GPU resources. The code is publicly available on GitHub (https://github.com/kdd-ubc/MorphOT.git), with documentation containing tutorial and [email protected]

scholarly journals canvasXpress: A versatile interactive high-resolution scientific multi-panel visualization toolkit

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baohong Zhang ◽  
Shanrong Zhao ◽  
Isaac Neuhaus
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
The Core ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The World ◽  
Cancer Mutations ◽  
Visualization Toolkit ◽  
Pdf Format

To the Editor: CanvasXpress (https://canvasxpress.org) was developed as the core visualization component for bioinformatics and systems biology analysis at Bristol-Myers Squibb and further enhanced by scientists around the world and served as a key visualization engine for many popular bioinformatics tools1,2,3,4,5,6. It offers a rich set of interactive plots to display scientific and genomics data, such as oncoprint of cancer mutations, heatmap, 3D scatter, violin, radar, and profile plots (Figure 1, canvasXpress plots arranged by canvasDesigner https://baohongz.github.io/canvasDesigner). Recently, the reproducibility and usability of the package in real world bioinformatics and clinical use cases have been improved significantly witnessed by continuous add-on features and wide adoption of the toolkit in the scientific communities. Furthermore, It is the first noteworthy package harmonizing real time interactive exploring and analyzing of big data, full-fledged customizing of look-n-feel, and producing multi-panel publication-ready figures in PDF format simultaneously.

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