scholarly journals User expectations of privacy in robot assisted therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Henkel ◽  
Kenna Baugus ◽  
Cindy L. Bethel ◽  
David C. May
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Design Study ◽  
Forensic Interview ◽  
User Design ◽  
User Expectations ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Bullying Experiences ◽  
Forensic Interviewers

AbstractThis article describes ethical issues related to the design and use of social robots in sensitive contexts like psychological interventions and provides insights from one user design study and two controlled experiments with adults and children. User expectations regarding privacy with a therapeutic robotic dog, Therabot, gathered from a 16 participant design study are presented. Furthermore, results from 142 forensic interviews about bullying experiences conducted with children (ages 8 to 17) using three different social robots (Nao, Female RoboKind, Male RoboKind) and humans (female and male) as forensic interviewers are examined to provide insights into child beliefs about privacy and social judgment in sensitive interactions with social robots. The data collected indicates that adult participants felt a therapeutic robotic dog would be most useful for children in comparison to other age groups, and should include privacy safeguards. Data obtained from children after a forensic interview about their bullying experiences shows that they perceive social robots as providing significantly more socially protective factors than adult humans. These findings provide insight into how children perceive social robots and illustrate the need for careful considerationwhen designing social robots that will be used in sensitive contexts with vulnerable users like children.

User Expectations and Preferences to How Social Robots Render Text Messages with Emojis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Fucinato ◽  
Elena Lavinia Leustean ◽  
Lilla Fekecs ◽  
Tünde Tárnoková ◽  
Rosalyn M. Langedijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Robots ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
User Expectations

scholarly journals Clinical features and outcome of Covid-19 in individuals without Comorbidities. Do children have the advantage?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Dr. Abhishek Kumar ◽  
◽  
Dr. Nilu Kumari ◽  
Dr. Ranjeet Kumar Singh ◽  
Dr. Alok Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Adult Group ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Respiratory Complaints

Objective: Information regarding clinical characteristics and the natural course of COVID-19amongst individuals without comorbidities is scarce. We therefore conducted a retrospectiveobservational study to decipher the disease profile in two different age groups, middle-aged (40-59years) and children (up to 12 years). Method: Study was conducted by reviewing the medicalrecords of all patients in the desired age groups and excluding all those with preexisting illness(called comorbidities). Result: A total of 154 and 27 patients were enrolled and studied in themiddle-aged adults and children group respectively. Males dominated in both groups with a sex ratioof 2.9 in adults and 1.7 in children. Most of the children (92.5%) had a history of exposure from aninfected family member, while in the adult group history of contact was present in 71.4% ofpatients.62.9% of children had an asymptomatic infection which was significantly higher than 22.8%in adults. Cough and fever were the most common symptoms in both age groups, but adults weremore likely to have respiratory complaints when compared with children.11 (7.1%) patients in theadult group had severe disease while in the children group none had severe disease. Similarly in theadult group 11 patients required ICU admission, but none in the children group. The mean durationof RTPCR positivity was similar in both groups. There was 1 (0.6%) expiry in the adult groupwhereas none in children. Conclusion: Healthy individuals in both middle-aged and children grouptend to have milder disease and both harbour the virus for the almost same duration but adults aremore symptomatic in comparison to children and hence children are more likely to be potentialasymptomatic carrier and transmitter of infection.

scholarly journals Dietary intake and food sources of added sugar in the Australian population

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 868-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linggang Lei ◽  
Anna Rangan ◽  
Victoria M. Flood ◽  
Jimmy Chun Yu Louie
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Australian Population ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Australian Health ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Adults And Children

AbstractPrevious studies in Australian children/adolescents and adults examining added sugar (AS) intake were based on now out-of-date national surveys. We aimed to examine the AS and free sugar (FS) intakes and the main food sources of AS among Australians, using plausible dietary data collected by a multiple-pass, 24-h recall, from the 2011–12 Australian Health Survey respondents (n 8202). AS and FS intakes were estimated using a previously published method, and as defined by the WHO, respectively. Food groups contributing to the AS intake were described and compared by age group and sex by one-way ANOVA. Linear regression was used to test for trends across age groups. Usual intake of FS (as percentage energy (%EFS)) was computed using a published method and compared with the WHO cut-off of <10 %EFS. The mean AS intake of the participants was 60·3 (sd 52·6) g/d. Sugar-sweetened beverages accounted for the greatest proportion of the AS intake of the Australian population (21·4 (sd 30·1) %), followed by sugar and sweet spreads (16·3 (sd 24·5) %) and cakes, biscuits, pastries and batter-based products (15·7 (sd 24·4) %). More than half of the study population exceeded the WHO’s cut-off for FS, especially children and adolescents. Overall, 80–90 % of the daily AS intake came from high-sugar energy-dense and/or nutrient-poor foods. To conclude, the majority of Australian adults and children exceed the WHO recommendation for FS intake. Efforts to reduce AS intake should focus on energy-dense and/or nutrient-poor foods.

Survival in adult and pediatric patients with medulloblastoma: A 2018 SEER-based analysis.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14529-e14529
Author(s):  
Hanna Moisander-Joyce ◽  
Anoushka Sinha ◽  
Shannon Fernandez-Ledon ◽  
Davon Lee ◽  
Satoki Hatano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Seer Database ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Survival Difference ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Adults And Children

e14529 Background: Medulloblastoma (MB) is a malignant neuroectodermal tumor accounting for 30% of pediatric and only 1% of adult brain tumors. In previous studies comparing survival in pediatric and adult MB from the National Cancer Institute Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database no difference has been found. However, diagnostic subgroup analyses have been limited. Methods: We examined survival in children (age 0-19) and adults (20-79) coded as MB in the 2018 SEER database (2000-2016). We used Kaplan Meier analysis, log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). MB in SEER-18 is defined as ICD-O-3 histology codes 9470–9474 (n = 1,728). ICD 9473, supratentorial PNET (sPNET, n = 97) is biologically distinct and therefore it was analyzed separately. Results: We found that 5-year survival for MB, excluding sPNET, was similar in children (n = 1,091, 75.3%) and adults (n = 488, 79.1%) (HR = 0.97, CI: 0.79 – 1.17, p = 0.50). Furthermore, subtype analyses showed no survival difference comparing adults and children with desmoplastic nodular MB (n = 222, p = 0.09), large cell MB (n = 73, p = 0.46), or MB NOS (n = 1330, p = 0.10). Yet, children with sPNET had improved 5-year survival (n = 65, 72.3%) compared to adults (n = 29, 51.7%) (HR = 2.0, CI: 1.10 – 3.92; p = 0.02,). These findings indicate that while survival in patients with MB is similar across age groups, children with sPNET have improved outcomes. Conclusions: In summary, 2018 SEER data for MB continue to show no survival difference between adults and children, suggesting adult patients could appropriately be entered on pediatric MB treatment protocols. Further analyses of the 2018 data are ongoing adjusting for sex, race, and treatment (chemotherapy or radiation). For sPNET, the apparent improved outcomes for children merit further detailed investigation and will be re-evaluated using the new 2016 World Health Organization classification.

Lifespan Differences in Adult Thinking about Hypothetical and Personal Moral Issues: Reflection or Regression?

1987 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Pratt ◽  
Gail Golding ◽  
Patricia Kerig
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Moral Dilemma ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Role Taking ◽  
Older Subjects

Recent work on aging and moral judgment has investigated the claim that older adults may show a regression in their average stage level of moral judgment, compared with younger groups. A second line of work has suggested that at least some elderly adults may be more reflective in their thinking regarding moral and ethical issues (e.g. Kohlberg, 1973). The present research was designed to investigate these issues with respect to hypothetical and real-life moral judgment. Subjects were 60 adults in three age groups: 18-24 years, 30-45 years, and 60-75 years. Each responded to the Kohlberg Moral Judgment Interview and to the personal moral dilemma task of Gilligan. Measures of stage level and of reported use of perspectivetaking processes, as well as analyses of the content of personal dilemmas, were obtained. Results showed no average stage level differences between the age or sex groups. Hypothetical stage scores were significantly higher than real-life scores overall. There were no age differences in reported role-taking processes on hypothetical dilemmas, though there were sex differences, with men more likely to report adopting a third-party, observer role. Finally, older subjects produced significantly more varied reflections on their personal dilemmas.

A Psychophysical Measure of Visual and Kinaesthetic Spatial Discriminative Abilities of Adults and Children

Perception ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor J Manyam
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Psychophysical Method ◽  
Visual Responses ◽  
Variable Stimulus ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Adult Performance ◽  
Quantitative Estimates ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Simultaneous Comparisons ◽  
Method Of Adjustment

Quantitative estimates of the spatial discriminative capacities of the visual and kinaesthetic systems in adults and children were obtained. Intersensory integration was investigated by including spatial discriminations based on congruent visual plus kinaesthetic reafference. The psychophysical method of adjustment was used with simultaneous comparisons of a fixed and a variable stimulus. The subject's task was to estimate when the variable stimulus (ellipse) was identical to the standard one (circle), under one of three modality conditions: vision, kinaesthesis, and vision plus kinaesthesis. After a pilot study with adults, children (aged 8, 10, and 12 years) and adults were both tested. Subjects from each age group were randomly allocated to each of the three experimental conditions. Results show that the visual and kinaesthetic estimates of the 8- and 10-year-old subjects did not differ significantly, but the visual responses of the adults and 12 year olds were significantly more accurate than corresponding kinaesthetic estimates. Bisensory estimates were significantly more accurate than visual responses only for the 8- and 10-year-old age groups. Intramodal comparisons showed the kinaesthetic estimates of the 8, 10, and 12 year olds to be significantly more accurate than the corresponding adult performance. Adult visual estimates were significantly more accurate than those made by 8 year olds, but were not significantly different from the visual responses of 10 and 12 year olds. Estimates based on bisensory reafference did not differ from each other across the four age groups. It is concluded that modality adeptness and dominance are task dependent and empirically determined rather than being innate properties of sensory systems. The data indicate that intersensory differentiation rather than integration occurs with maturity.

scholarly journals Awareness and Attitude of Primary Healthcare Patients towards Telehealth in Cairo, Egypt

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Shoman ◽  
Tamer Emara ◽  
Heba Gamal Saber ◽  
Mohamed Allam
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Virtual Technology ◽  
Primary Health

Background: Telehealth is delivering health care services remote from healthcare facilities using telecommunications and virtual technology. Egypt is aiming to reach Universal Health Coverage; this increases the demand of telehealth in routine health services. Telehealth benefits are increasing access to expertise in difficultly reached geographical areas with no available medical teams and may be used as fast first aid. It could also minimize costs of hospitals, as patients can be monitored remotely even from home. As for barriers, especially in developing countries, are the unavailable infrastructure and the resistance of patients. Objective: To measure the awareness of telehealth among attendees of primary health care units and their acceptance of application of telehealth. Methodology: This was a cross sectional study among attendees of primary health units. A sample size was calculated to be 162. A valid Arabic interview questionnaire was designed, and 170 questionnaires were filled by attendees. Ethical issues were considered. Results: Awareness percentage of telehealth among attendees was 64.7% while willingness to implement telehealth was 78%. Both awareness and willingness were significantly associated with age groups, residence, socioeconomic status and presence of computer with net access. Conclusion: It is concluded that a large percentage of attendees to primary health care centers are aware of telehealth and are willing to implement it. The major cause of refusal to implement telehealth was due ignorance of using telecommunication devices and the desire to be in close contact with the physicians.

scholarly journals Sustainable development and market research

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
Iwona Olejnik ◽  
Magdalena Stefańska
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Market Research ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Responsible Consumption ◽  
The Subject

The issue of sustainable development is the subject of market research conducted by many institutions. Companies manufacturing products and providing services, institutions dealing with environmental or consumer protection, scientists and students, carry out many research projects related, for example, to sustainable, responsible consumption and production patterns, ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being of all age groups, and much, much more. The main goal of the chapter is to present how to use secondary data for analysis and how to prepare, conduct, analyse and interpret the results of primary research in the area of sustainable development (SD). There are many challenges facing researches. For that reason, it is necessary to discuss some of its ethical issues. The structure of the chapter covers 3 topics: 1) research in SD based on secondary resources; 2) research in SD based on primary resources; 3) SD in market research—ethical aspects.

Ethics in Palliative Care

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Macauley
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Moral Distress ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Life Threatening Illness ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
The Right

No specialty faces more diverse and challenging ethical dilemmas than palliative medicine. What is the best way to plan ahead for the end of life? How should physicians respond when patients refuse treatments likely to be beneficial or demand treatments not likely to be? Who makes medical decisions for patients who are too ill to decide for themselves? Do patients have the “right to die” (and, if so, what exactly does that mean)? Other ethics texts have explored these issues but often from an academic perspective that overlooks the practical realities of clinical medicine. Conversely, medical textbooks frequently lack sufficient philosophical depth to fully explore the complexities of these issues. This complete guide to the ethics of palliative care combines clinical experience with philosophical rigor to provide a comprehensive analysis of this fascinating field. Using relevant case studies, core subjects such as intensive symptom management at the end of life, physician-assisted dying, and palliative sedation are examined from historical, legal, clinical, and ethical perspectives. Whereas pediatric issues are often an afterthought in palliative care textbooks, this guide explores the unique nature of ethical dilemmas in the prenatal, neonatal, and adolescent age groups. Other important topics such as neuro-palliative care, organ donation, research, and moral distress are also covered in detail. Written with clinical nuance for medical professionals—and clear language as well as a glossary for lay readers—this guide offers all readers an opportunity to explore and understand the fascinating ethical issues facing patients suffering from life-threatening illness.

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