scholarly journals Clinical features and outcome of Covid-19 in individuals without Comorbidities. Do children have the advantage?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Dr. Abhishek Kumar ◽  
◽  
Dr. Nilu Kumari ◽  
Dr. Ranjeet Kumar Singh ◽  
Dr. Alok Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Adult Group ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Respiratory Complaints

Objective: Information regarding clinical characteristics and the natural course of COVID-19amongst individuals without comorbidities is scarce. We therefore conducted a retrospectiveobservational study to decipher the disease profile in two different age groups, middle-aged (40-59years) and children (up to 12 years). Method: Study was conducted by reviewing the medicalrecords of all patients in the desired age groups and excluding all those with preexisting illness(called comorbidities). Result: A total of 154 and 27 patients were enrolled and studied in themiddle-aged adults and children group respectively. Males dominated in both groups with a sex ratioof 2.9 in adults and 1.7 in children. Most of the children (92.5%) had a history of exposure from aninfected family member, while in the adult group history of contact was present in 71.4% ofpatients.62.9% of children had an asymptomatic infection which was significantly higher than 22.8%in adults. Cough and fever were the most common symptoms in both age groups, but adults weremore likely to have respiratory complaints when compared with children.11 (7.1%) patients in theadult group had severe disease while in the children group none had severe disease. Similarly in theadult group 11 patients required ICU admission, but none in the children group. The mean durationof RTPCR positivity was similar in both groups. There was 1 (0.6%) expiry in the adult groupwhereas none in children. Conclusion: Healthy individuals in both middle-aged and children grouptend to have milder disease and both harbour the virus for the almost same duration but adults aremore symptomatic in comparison to children and hence children are more likely to be potentialasymptomatic carrier and transmitter of infection.

scholarly journals Clinico-Pathological Findings of Bangladeshi Covid 19 Patients with their Clinical Outcome: Study of A Cohort of 201 Cases

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Nasir Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Md Azizul Islam ◽  
Md Anwarul Kabir ◽  
Md Habibur Rahman ◽  
SM Anwar Sadat
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
History Of

Introduction: COVID-19 is a major threat to human beings. Clinical characterization, rapid identification of cases and isolation are vital for containments of rapidly spreading disease. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the clinico pathologic profile of Covid 19 positive Bangladeshi patients and also to see their clinical outcome within defined period. Methods: This cohort study on 201 Bangladeshi cases was done in Combined Military Hospital, a tertiary level hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh from April 2020 to May 2020. Total 201 COVID-19 cases were enrolled after getting the result positive for RT-PCR. After collection, data were analysed to show the characteristics of Covid 19 and their outcome after treatment. Results: Among 201 cases, 180 (90%) were male and 21 (10%) were female. The most prevalent affected age groups were 71 (35.5%) patients in 26-35 years age, 54 (27%) in 16- 25 years, 49 (24.5%) in 35-45 years. Mean age is 32.2±2. Among the total cases, 146 (73%) have positive history of contact, 37 (18.5%) have no history of any contact, 8 (4%) denied any contact with COVID-19 patients. Regarding clinical presentations, 67 (33.5%) patients presented with only one symptoms, 125 (62.5%) had multiple symptoms and 9 (4.5%) cases were asymptomatic. 154 (77%) patients presented with fever. Other presentations were cough 71 (35.5%), headache 27 (13.5%), myalgia 25 (12.5%), sore throat 25 (12.5%), malaise 15 (7.5%), respiratory distress 11 (5.5%). Respiratory system was the dominant domain of clinical presentation. Leukopenia was presented by 12 patients and 12 had lymphopenia. 18 patients had mild thrombocytopenia. Pulse oxymetry showed oxygen saturation below 88% in 12 cases. After oxygen therapy 7 cases were improved and 5 cases were shifted to Corona ICU as their saturation fell below 70. These 5 patients are categorised as severe disease, rest 196 patients were mild in nature. Conclusion: COVID 19 affects male more than female. Common symptoms are fever, cough, headache, myalgia, sore throat, malaise, respiratory distress. Respiratory system is the dominant domain of clinical presentation. ICU support was needed in 2.5 % cases and death rate was 1% which was associated with comorbidity of CKD. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(0): 37-42

scholarly journals Group Analysis of Q Values Calculated with Tangential Radius of Curvature from Human Anterior Corneal Surface

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Zheren Xia ◽  
Chengmin Lin ◽  
Xueping Huang ◽  
Jinglu Ying ◽  
Mingguang Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Linear Regression Equation ◽  
Adult Group ◽  
Corneal Surface ◽  
Power Maps ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Orbscan Ii

Objective. To calculate the Q values from the human anterior corneal surface with the tangential radius of curvature and analyze its distribution characteristics in different age and refractive status groups. Methods. Tangential power maps of the anterior cornea from Orbscan II were acquired for 201 subjects’ right eyes. They were divided into groups of adults and children and then divided further into subgroups according to the refraction status. The Q values of each semimeridian were calculated by the tangential radius with a linear regression equation. The Q value distribution in both the nasal cornea and temporal cornea were analyzed. Results. The mean temporal Q values of the emmetropia group of adults and all children’s groups were significantly different from the mean nasal Q value. The mean nasal corneal Q values were more negative in children. The adult group showed differences only in the low myopia group. The mean Q value of the nasal cornea among different refractive groups of children was significantly different, and so was the temporal cornea between the adult myopia and emmetropia group. Conclusion. The method using the tangential radius of curvature combined with linear regression to obtain anterior surface Q values for both adults and children was stable and reliable. When we analyzed the anterior corneal Q value, area division was necessary.

scholarly journals Prevalence of atopic dermatitis, asthma and rhinitis from infancy through adulthood in rural Bangladesh: a population-based, cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e042380
Author(s):  
Courtney J Pedersen ◽  
Mohammad J Uddin ◽  
Samir K Saha ◽  
Gary L Darmstadt
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Medical Diagnosis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Working Party ◽  
Atopic Disease ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

ObjectiveDescribe the pattern of atopic disease prevalence from infancy to adulthood.DesignCross-sectional household survey.SettingCommunity-based demographic surveillance site, Mirzapur, Bangladesh.Participants7275 individuals in randomly selected clusters within 156 villages.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe 12-month prevalence of atopic dermatitis (by UK Working Party Criteria (UK criteria) and International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)), asthma and rhinitis (by ISAAC); disease severity (by ISAAC); history of ever receiving a medical diagnosis.ResultsChildren aged 2 years had the highest prevalence of atopic dermatitis—18.8% (95% CI 15.2% to 22.4%) by UK criteria and 14.9% (95% CI 11.6% to 18.1%) by ISAAC— and asthma (20.1%, 95% CI 16.4% to 23.8%). Prevalence of rhinitis was highest among 25–29 year olds (6.0%, (95% CI% 4.5 to 7.4%). History of a medical diagnosis was lowest for atopic dermatitis (4.0%) and highest for rhinitis (27.3%) and was significantly associated with severe disease compared with those without severe disease for all three conditions (atopic dermatitis: 30.0% vs 11.7%, p=0.015; asthma; 85.0% vs 60.4%, p<0.001; rhinitis: 34.2% vs 7.3%, p<0.001) and having a higher asset-based wealth score for asthma (29.7% (highest quintile) vs 7.5% (lowest quintile), p<0.001) and rhinitis (39.8% vs 12.5%, p=0.003). Prevalence of having >1 condition was highest (36.2%) at 2 years and decreased with age. Having atopic dermatitis (ISAAC) was associated with significantly increased odds ratios (OR) for comorbid asthma (OR 5.56 (95% CI 4.26 to 7.26)] and rhinitis (3.68 (95% CI 2.73 to 4.96)). Asthma and rhinitis were also strongly associated with each other (OR 8.39 (95% CI 6.48 to 10.86)).ConclusionsAtopic disease burden was high in this rural Bangladeshi population. Having one atopic condition was significantly associated with the presence of another. Low incidence of ever obtaining a medical diagnosis highlights an important opportunity to increase availability of affordable diagnosis and treatment options for all age groups.

Late-onset renal hypertension in old rats alters myocardial microvessels

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (6) ◽  
pp. H1681-H1687 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Tomanek ◽  
M. R. Aydelotte ◽  
C. A. Butters
Keyword(s):  
Late Onset ◽  
Renal Hypertension ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Numerical Density ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Microvascular Alterations ◽  
O2 Supply

We tested the hypothesis that late-onset hypertension in middle-aged (15 mo) and senescent (24 mo) rats would adversely affect the coronary microvasculature. Morphometric analyses were performed on coronary capillaries and arterioles from rats with one-kidney, figure-8 renal wrap hypertension of 3-mo duration. Compared with control rats, wall-to-lumen ratios of arterioles with lumen diameters less than 25 microns were higher in the two hypertensive groups by approximately 30%; larger arterioles did not show consistent intergroup differences. A comparison of the two control groups revealed that wall-to-lumen ratio of arterioles with lumen diameters less than 50 microns tended to be greater in the senescent rats. Capillary numerical density was markedly reduced in the hypertensive animals of both age groups and caused an increase in the mean Krough cylinder radius and in the mean capillary domain. The latter increased by 28-63%; the largest increment occurred in the endomyocardium of the senescent group. A trend toward increased heterogeneity of capillary spacing was also noted in the hypertensive rats. The observed microvascular alterations occurred in the absence of an absolute increase in left ventricular mass but in the presence of cardiocyte hypertrophy. Thus the decrements in capillary numerical density are not only due to inadequate growth but reflect an absolute reduction in the number of these vessels associated with cardiocyte loss. It is concluded that late-onset hypertension in middle-aged and senescent rats is characterized by left ventricular wall remodeling that includes microvascular alterations that would be expected to limit maximal myocardial flow and O2 supply to the cardiocyte.

scholarly journals P0316RELATION OF RENAL ULTRASONOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS WITH BODY HEIGHT

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrijana Spasovska Vasilova ◽  
Lada Trajcheska ◽  
Mimoza Milenkova ◽  
Aleksandra Canevska ◽  
Angela Kabova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Kidney Size ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Kidney Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background and Aims Kidney size has been found to be correlated with anthropometric features and is different among different ethnicities. In this study, we used ultrasonography for measurement of kidney volumes in healthy individuals and evaluated the relationships with body height, age and gender. Method We conducted a cross-sectional observational study and evaluated 108 healthy individuals whose serum creatinine level was within reference range. Patients’ medical clinical and laboratory records were reviewed. Age, gender and height were recorded. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the strength of association between ultrasonographic parameters with each other and with other parameters, and were expressed as r2. Variations in left and right renal dimensions between various age groups were compared using a one-way analysis of variance, followed by a post-hoc Tukey's test. Results Subjects’ age ranged from 16 to 84 years and the mean age was over 50 years. There was an equal distribution among genders. Strong and positive correlations were seen for the measured length, parenchyma thickness and also for both total and parenchymal volumes with subjects’ height for both kidneys. The strongest correlations were observed for the left and right kidney length and also for the right kidney parenchymal volume (r=0.536, p=0.001; r=0.469, p=0.001; r=0.44, p=0.001). On the opposite, most of the relations with age were negative, but week and insignificant. When we divided the study subjects into three age groups and compared them for the height, there was no significant difference among them. Regarding the parenchymal and total kidney volumes of both kidneys, the different age groups showed similar findings in the ultrasonographic measurements. The mean calculated volumes were slightly declining with age and showed the largest values in the first group of patients under 30 years and lowest values in patients over 70 years old. Ultrasonographic measurements were also compared among the two genders. Both (men and women) showed similar age (53.55 ± 18.22 vs. 50.79 ± 18.13 p= 0.430, respectively). As for the height, men were significantly taller than women (1.734 ± 0.007 vs.1.637 ± 0.005, p= 0.001). The kidney length, volume and parenchymal volumes of both kidneys were significantly larger in men. Conclusion Renal length and volume are strongly correlated with body height. This relation must be considered in clinical decisions on further investigations regarding kidney disease progression.

Size variation of mastoid air cell system in Indian people at different age groups: a radiographic planimetric study

1990 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 603-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Chatterjee ◽  
T. B. Ghosh ◽  
B. B. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Cell System ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Indian People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractA radiographic planimetric study of mastoid air cell system was carried out on 100 normal human subjects of which 50 were males and 50 females–who were further subdivided into five age groups. They had no history of past ear disease or any other clinical ENT abnormality. The mean area of the mastoid air cell system was measured planimetrically on X-rays and the data analysed according to age and sex. It was 12.05±0.67 cm2 in males and 11.45±0.70 cm2 in females (which are more or less the same as that of Western people).The size of the cranial bones has no apparent role in the size variation of the mastoid air cell system. The development of the latter was very rapid up to 10 years of age in both sexes and it continued even after 20 years of age but at a much slower rate.

scholarly journals A comparison of interpupillary distances between Turkish and Azerbaijani populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Sahbaz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Turkish Population ◽  
Ethnic Background ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Interpupillary Distance ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background: Differences in far interpupillary distance (IPD) in Turkish and Azerbaijani adults of the same ethnic background from different age groups were examined to investigate the effects of ethnicity, genetics, geography, and environmental factors on IPD. Methods: A total of 1,400 healthy individuals aged ≥18 years were enrolled. The far IPD of each individual was determined in both communities. IPD data for 700 subjects in Azerbaijan and 700 subjects in Turkey was analyzed. Males and females were divided into six age ranges: 18–24, 25–34, 35–44, 45–54, 55–64, and ≥65 years. Far IPD data in Turkey and Azerbaijan was collected using two types of autorefractometers: Topcon RM 8800 and Topcon TRK-2P.Results: The mean age of the 700 subjects in Turkey was 44.5 ± 17.6 years. The mean IPD was 62.1 ± 3.7 mm. The mean IPD in females was 61 mm, which was less than males (63 mm) (P < 0.05). The mean age of the 700 Azerbaijani subjects was 44.0 ± 15.6 years. The mean IPD of the subjects was 65.0 ± 3.1 mm. The mean IPD (64 mm) in females was significantly lower than the mean IPD (66 mm) in males (P < 0.05). Differences in IPD between age groups in both communities were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The mean IPD in all age groups in the Azerbaijani population was greater than that of the Turkish population. Compared with other ethnic groups, the mean IPD in the Azerbaijani population was remarkably high.Conclusions: When mean far IPD values in individuals aged ≥18 years in the Azerbaijani and Turkish populations were compared, statistically significant differences were observed. In Azerbaijani Turks, mean IPD values in both males and females were greater than those observed in the Turkish population in all age groups. The mean IPD values of the Azerbaijani population were greater than those of other ethnic groups when classified by both age and sex. As well as ethnicity, geographical and environmental factors influenced far IPD values.

scholarly journals Elevation of Liver Fibrosis Index FIB-4 Is Associated With Poor Clinical Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (5) ◽  
pp. 726-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Ibáñez-Samaniego ◽  
Federico Bighelli ◽  
Clara Usón ◽  
Celia Caravaca ◽  
Carlos Fernández Carrillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
Advanced Liver Fibrosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Liver Fibrosis Index

Abstract Background COVID-19 is a potentially severe disease caused by the recently described SARS-CoV-2. Whether liver fibrosis might be a relevant player in the natural history of COVID-19 is currently unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association between FIB-4 and the risk of progression to critical illness in middle-aged patients with COVID-19. Methods In this multicenter, retrospective study with prospective follow-up of 160 patients aged 35–65 years with COVID-19, FIB-4, clinical, and biochemical variables were collected at baseline. FIB-4 ≥2.67 defined patients with risk for advanced liver fibrosis. Results Risk for advanced fibrosis was estimated in 28.1% of patients. Patients with FIB-4 ≥2.67 more frequently required mechanical ventilation (37.8% vs 18.3%; P = .009). In multivariate analysis, FIB-4 ≥2.67 (odds ratio [OR], 3.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30–8.92), cardiovascular risk factors (OR, 5.05; 95% CI, 1.90–13.39), previous respiratory diseases (OR, 4.54; 95% CI, 1.36–15.10), and C-reactive protein (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.01–1.02) increased significantly the risk of ICU admission. Bootstrap confirmed FIB-4 as an independent risk factor. Conclusions In middle-aged patients with COVID-19, FIB-4 may have a prognostic role. The link between liver fibrosis and the natural history of COVID-19 should be evaluated in future studies.

Orthodontic Treatment Need in Bangladeshi Young Adults Evaluated Through Dental Aesthetic Index

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kajol Chandra Paul ◽  
Md Zakir Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Aim : The objectives of this study were to evaluate the severity of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in Bangladeshi young adults by using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI).Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Government and private college of Dhaka and Netrokona, Bangladesh. A total of 405 students (from 17 to 25 years old) were selected by convenience sampling. Students wearing orthodontic appliance or reporting a history of orthodontic treatment were excluded from the study. Clinical examinations were conducted using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). The chi-square test (x2) was used to compare malocclusion severity. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare the changes in DAI scores and the mean DAI scores between various age groups. The t test was used to compare the mean DAI scores between sex groups.Results: 405 college students were examined, 305(75.3%) were boys and 100(24.7%) were girls. Most of the  students 277(68.4%) had DAI scores ? 25 with no or little malocclusion requiring slight  or no  orthodontic  treatment, 76(18.8%) had DAI score of 26-30 with definite malocclusion requiring elective orthodontic  treatment, 34(8.4%) had DAI score of 31-35 with severe type of malocclusion requiring highly desirable orthodontic treatment, 18(4.4%) had DAI score ? 36 with very severe or handicapping malocclusion requiring mandatory orthodontic treatment.Conclusion: The majority of the students in our study (68.4%) required no or little treatment; (12.8%) had definite malocclusion requiring definite orthodontic treatment.Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2013; Vol-3, No.2

scholarly journals Long Term Effects of Tear Gases on Respiratory System: Analysis of 93 Cases

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peri Arbak ◽  
İlknur Başer ◽  
Özlem Ozdemir Kumbasar ◽  
Füsun Ülger ◽  
Zeki Kılıçaslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Chest Tightness ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Tear Gas ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Respiratory Complaints ◽  
Frequent Exposure

Aim. This study aimed to assess the long-term respiratory effects of tear gases among the subjects with history of frequent exposure.Materials and Methods. A questionnaire by NIOSH and pulmonary function tests was performed in 93 males exposed to the tear gases frequently and 55 nonexposed subjects.Results. The mean numbers of total exposure and last 2 years exposure were8.4±6.4times,5.6±5.8times, respectively. Tear gas exposed subjects were presented with a higher rate for cough and phlegm more than 3 months (24.7% versus 11.3%,P>0.05). Mean FEV1/FVC and % predicted MMFR in smoker exposed subjects are significantly lower than those in smoker controls (81.7% versus 84.1%,P=0.046and 89.9% versus 109.6%,P=0.0004, resp.). % predicted MMFR in nonsmoker exposed subjects is significantly lower than that in nonsmoker controls (99.4% versus 113.1%,P=0.05). Odds ratios for chest tightness, exercise dyspnea, dyspnea on level ground, winter morning cough, phlegm, and daily phlegm were increased almost 2 to 2.5 folds among tear gas exposed subjects.Conclusion. The rates for respiratory complaints were high in the case of the exposure to the tear gases previously. Tears gas exposed subjects were found to be under the risk for chronic bronchitis.

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