Lifespan Differences in Adult Thinking about Hypothetical and Personal Moral Issues: Reflection or Regression?

1987 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Pratt ◽  
Gail Golding ◽  
Patricia Kerig
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Moral Dilemma ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Role Taking ◽  
Older Subjects

Recent work on aging and moral judgment has investigated the claim that older adults may show a regression in their average stage level of moral judgment, compared with younger groups. A second line of work has suggested that at least some elderly adults may be more reflective in their thinking regarding moral and ethical issues (e.g. Kohlberg, 1973). The present research was designed to investigate these issues with respect to hypothetical and real-life moral judgment. Subjects were 60 adults in three age groups: 18-24 years, 30-45 years, and 60-75 years. Each responded to the Kohlberg Moral Judgment Interview and to the personal moral dilemma task of Gilligan. Measures of stage level and of reported use of perspectivetaking processes, as well as analyses of the content of personal dilemmas, were obtained. Results showed no average stage level differences between the age or sex groups. Hypothetical stage scores were significantly higher than real-life scores overall. There were no age differences in reported role-taking processes on hypothetical dilemmas, though there were sex differences, with men more likely to report adopting a third-party, observer role. Finally, older subjects produced significantly more varied reflections on their personal dilemmas.

Age Differences in Using Precued Information to Preprogram Interception of a Ball

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Olivier ◽  
Hubert Ripoll ◽  
Michel Audiffren
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Movement Initiation ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Errors Analysis ◽  
Response Errors

The present experiment examined the development of programming interception of a ball's movement across three groups of children ages 6, 8, and 10 years, who were compared with adults. In an interception task we manipulated the subjects' preparation by using Rosenbaum's 1980 precuing procedure. Two levels of precued information were used concerning the effector specified (right or left arm) and the direction of the arm projection (outside or inside). We focused particularly on RT and response errors. Analysis indicated RT decreased across the age groups and errors decreased mainly in the nonprecued condition. A critical period in improvement might be at age 8 as children use precue information to program their movements as efficiently as adults. The duration of effector programming was similar for children and adults but was more precise for the older subjects. For children as well as for adults, the specification of direction occurs after movement initiation and not before.

scholarly journals (Only) time can tell: Age differences in false memory are magnified at longer delays

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana Fandakova ◽  
Markus Werkle-Bergner ◽  
Myriam C. Sander
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
False Memory ◽  
Associative Memory ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Real Life ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Initial Event ◽  
Memory Representations

Older adults often report memories of past events that are partly or entirely false. To date, age differences in false memory have been examined primarily soon after the initial event. However, in real-life situations we rely on memories acquired across a lifetime. We examined associative memory in younger and older adults after 24 hours and 8 days. Age differences in memory were magnified after eight days due to a disproportionate increase in false memory rates in older adults. In both age groups, the effects of delay were modulated by memory fidelity and whether or not participants had experienced similar events potentially causing interference. Older adults were particularly vulnerable to false memory having experienced similar events, even when the initial memory was of high fidelity. We suggest that the fidelity of memory representations in concert with monitoring processes to resolve interference determine how the passage of time affects false memory.

Moral Judgment in Middle and Late Adulthood: The Effects of Age-Appropriate Moral Dilemmas and Spontaneous Role Taking

1986 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Blum Chap
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Moral Dilemma ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Role Taking ◽  
Age Appropriate

This was a cross-sectional study of the effects of age, sex, and moral dilemma content on adult moral reasoning. Hypothetical dilemmas were presented to sixty men and women, thirty of whom were elderly and thirty in early middle age. With education controlled there were no age or sex differences in moral maturity. Dilemma content had a significant effect on moral judgment, with a tendency for each age group to use a higher level of judgment when the situation described was age-appropriate, i.e., relevant to that group's stage of life. There was a significant age difference on a measure of spontaneous role taking: old persons made more definitive moral judgments than the younger adults, who attempted to reconcile the various points of view represented in a dilemma.

scholarly journals Age-related deficits of manual grasping in a laboratory versus in an everyday-like setting

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otmar Bock ◽  
Fabian Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Behavioral Repertoire ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
Parameter Values

This study compared the grasping performance of 24 younger (20-30 years of age) and 24 older subjects (60-70 years of age) in a typical laboratory task (L) where movements were repetitive, externally triggered, purposeless and attention-attracting, and in an everydaylike task (E) where movements were part of a rich behavioral repertoire, internally initiated, purposive and little attended. We registered a wide range of kinematic and force parameters, and calculated their within-subject means and variation coefficients. Multiple differences emerged between the parameter values in L and E. Factor analysis reduced them to five independent effects. We also found multiple differences between the two age groups, with seniors responding more slowly and in a more stereotyped fashion. Multiple significant task x age interactions emerged as well, with age differences being more pronounced in E than in L. The latter finding is of practical relevance, since it suggests that age-related deficits in some real-life situations may be underestimated in laboratory research. It also is of theoretical relevance: it indicates that brain regions which are particularly vulnerable to aging may contribute to task E more than to task L.

scholarly journals Zadovoljstvo životom i neke osobne značajke kod triju dobnih skupina

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zvjezdan Penezić
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Older Subjects

There are great number of investigation which have shown contradictory results about age differences in life satisfaction. One of the aims of this investigation was to find if there are age differences in life satisfaction. The other aim was to find if there are age differences in other personality characterstics (self-esteem, loneliness, solitude, optimism, pessimism etc) related to the life satisfaction, as well as their relations with life satisfaction in different age groups. Investigation take place in few Croatian towns, and subjects were divided into three age groups. There were 148 younger subjects (18 to 25 years of age), 130 middle aged people (39 to 47 years of age), and 120 older subjects aged 59 to 65 years. Two forms of LIPKO questionnaire, which is consisted of different scales, were used. Results have shown that there are no differences among three different age groups in life satisfaction. There are significant age differences in self-esteem. The lowest results in self-esteem are in die group of the young subjects while the highest results are obtained in the group of the older people. There are no age differences in self-esteem among middle aged and older subjects. Age differences have been obtained for the importance of health goals, and the importance of knowledge and competence goals. The importance of those goals are the highest among younger subjects, and there are no differences among young and older subjects, too. Life satisfaction are in a very high positive correlation with self- esteem and optimism, which could be treated as a reletively stable personality charactesritics, but, on the other hand, life satisfaction are in significant negative correlation with loneliness and future anxiety.

Video Games and Emotion Regulation

GeroPsych ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Ossenfort ◽  
Derek M. Isaacowitz
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Interactive Media ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Media Preferences

Abstract. Research on age differences in media usage has shown that older adults are more likely than younger adults to select positive emotional content. Research on emotional aging has examined whether older adults also seek out positivity in the everyday situations they choose, resulting so far in mixed results. We investigated the emotional choices of different age groups using video games as a more interactive type of affect-laden stimuli. Participants made multiple selections from a group of positive and negative games. Results showed that older adults selected the more positive games, but also reported feeling worse after playing them. Results supplement the literature on positivity in situation selection as well as on older adults’ interactive media preferences.

Ethical Issues in the Fast Fashion Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 660-665
Author(s):  
Chi Sheh ◽  
◽  
Peng Chan ◽  
Wen Jun Sim ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Fashion Industry ◽  
Fast Fashion ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Real Cost ◽  
Literature Reviews

Fast fashion is becoming more and more popular nowadays and this industry is growing rapidly. In order to supply to the big demand of fast fashion clothing, company will need to increase the production of the clothing in shorter time frame. Besides that, to out beat the competitor, company will provide more choices of clothing in cheaper price to the customers. By practicing these actions to increase the business profits, company is behaving unethical to the manufacturer of the cloth. Most consumers are not aware of these ethical issues. This paper is will used and tested the conceptual model of fast fashion business ethics based on literature reviews. The finding from this paper will manifest the “real cost” of a cheap and branded fast fashion clothing and will be supported by real life event that happened. However, after realizing the problems, some company did make some changes and the solutions are stated in the paper as well.

Applanation Tonometry for Assessment of Left Ventricular Systolic Load

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Rene D. Mileva-Popova ◽  
Nina Y. Belova
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Pressure Area ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
And Gender

Summary Vascular-ventricular coupling is a major determinant of left ventricular load. The aim of our study was to assess non- invasively left ventricular load and its dependency on central hemodynamics. Sixty-five healthy and gender-matched individuals were divided in two groups according to their age: 20y/o and 50y/o. Applanation tonometry was performed using the Sphygmocor device. Central pressures and pulse wave analysis indices were computed. Central systolic (120±3 vs. 98±2 mm Hg) and pulse pressures (43±3 vs. 29±1 mm Hg) as well as the augmentation index (AIx75) (23±3 vs. 6±2%) were significantly higher in the 50y/o group (p<0.01). These parameters are relevant markers of arterial stiffness and evidenced the development of central arterial morphological and functional alterations in the older subjects. The time-tension index (TTI) computed from the systolic pressure area was significantly higher in the 50y/o subjects as compared to the 20y/o group (2378±66 vs. 1954±73 mmHg×s, p<0.01). Moreover, we have shown the presence of significant correlation between TTI and AIx75 (p<0.01) in both age groups. This finding confirmed the contribution of arterial stiffness for the impaired vascular-ventricular coupling. In conclusion, applanation tonometry might be utilized for non-invasive evaluation of the left ventricular load, which is an important parameter of cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals Femicide Fatal Risk Factors: A Last Decade Comparison between Italian Victims of Femicide by Age Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 7953
Author(s):  
Anna Sorrentino ◽  
Chiara Guida ◽  
Vincenza Cinquegrana ◽  
Anna Costanza Baldry
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Policy Implication ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Female Victims

Femicide is a wide-spread lethal form of violence against women. Despite its diffusion, to date, very few studies analyzed possible victims’ age differences in regard to fatal risk factors for femicide. To this aim, we carried out archive research on Italian femicide cases in the last decade, by comparing prior types of violence suffered and motives for femicide, which are considered crucial fatal risk factors for femicide, across adolescent/young (15–24 years), adults (25–64 years) and older women (65–93 years). From 2010 to 2019 we found 1207 female victims. Characteristics of victims, perpetrators, and their relationship were consistent with those found by international studies and underlined that the majority of femicides were perpetrated by an intimate partner. The results regarding fatal risk factors comparisons across age groups showed the existence of significant differences regarding both types of violence suffered prior to femicide and motives for femicide. The results are discussed in terms of policy implication and intervention.

Death, taxes and uncertainty: Economic motivations in end-of-life decision making

2021 ◽  
pp. 147775092110114
Author(s):  
George Slade Mellgard ◽  
Jacob M Appel
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Ethical Conflicts ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
End Of Life Decision ◽  
Death Taxes

Economic motivations are key drivers of human behavior. Unfortunately, they are largely overlooked in literature related to medical decisionmaking, particularly with regard to end-of-life care. It is widely understood that the directions of a proxy acting in bad faith can be overridden. But what of cases in which the proxy or surrogate appears to be acting in good faith to effectuate the patient’s values, yet doing so directly serves the decision-maker’s financial interests? Such situations are not uncommon. Many patients care as deeply about economic wellbeing of their families as they do for their own lives and health. This brief work examines three scenarios that raise ethical issues regarding the role of pecuniary motives in making critical medical decisions. Each scenario presents a potential financial conflict of interest between an incapacitated patient and a third-party decision-maker and offers a framework for integrating ethical and legal concerns into clinical care. It is our hope that this work prepares physicians for unexpected ethical conflicts of interest and enables them to further the interests of his or her patients.

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