scholarly journals Influence of Meteorological Factors on Needle Cast Damage in Young Scots Pine Stands

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Kaspars Polmanis ◽  
Anita Baumane ◽  
Imants Baumanis ◽  
Solveiga Luguza
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Needle Cast ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Climate changes are expected to create favourable conditions for development and spread of diseases. Therefore, the impact of meteorological factors on needle cast damage, and relationship between degree of damage and growth of trees had been assessed in the study. Analysis was carried out in open-pollinated progeny trial of Norupe seed orchard clones, established in the spring of 2006, in Ltd. “Rīgas meži” (LLC “Riga Forests”). In this trial needle cast damage was assessed in three consecutive years using a fivegrade scale, dependent on the level of damages on current year needles. At the end of each growing season a tree height was measured. Plantation was significantly affected by infection average more than 66% of current year damaged by the disease. Significant (p<0.001) correlation was detected between the degree of needle cast damage and tree height increment as well as the tree height. Significant (p<0.001) differences in needle cast infection level as well as tree height and height increment were found also between open-pollinated families. The results suggest a potentially increasing needle cast infection due to predicted increase of temperature and precipitation, as well as the potential to select more resistant families against damages of this disease in tree breeding process.

scholarly journals Influence of temperature and rainfalls on the number of visitors in the National Park "Tara"

2015 ◽  
pp. 97-120
Author(s):  
Nenad Rankovic ◽  
Zoran Poduska ◽  
Jelena Nedeljkovic ◽  
Dragan Nonic
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Exponential Regression ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
The Impact

The paper is based on the assumption that climate changes, in addition to negatively affecting forest ecosystems, can have an impact on visiting sites in national parks intended for tourism and recreation. In order to test this assumption, data on the number and frequency of visits to the National Park ?Tara? were collected. In the research was determined a mean daily temperature and total amount of rainfalls in the days when the visit was recorded. These data were analyzed using exponential regression models. There is a positive and statistically significant influence of temperature on the number of visits to the National Park ?Tara? in certain categories. On the other hand, rainfalls have a negative influence on visits to the National Park ?Tara?. These analyses are compared with scenarios of climate changes in Serbia (A1B and A2). It was concluded that there is the influence of temperature and precipitation on the number of visitors to the National Park ?Tara?, and that one can expect changes in visits due to the impact of climate changes on temperature, rainfalls and forest ecosystems.

scholarly journals Sampling methods and metereological factors on pests and beneficial organisms in strawberries

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. e926
Author(s):  
Alessandra Benatto ◽  
Mireli Trombin De Souza ◽  
Michele Trombin de Souza ◽  
Atila Francisco Mógor ◽  
Ida Chapaval Pimentel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Beneficial Organisms

We characterize the population dynamics of pests and beneficial organisms in strawberries to assess the impact of two meteorological factors (temperature and precipitation) and define the most appropriate method for monitoring insects in strawberries crop. Population dynamics were monitored weekly using the plant beat method and Möericke traps in Albion strawberries. Measurements were taken in organic strawberry farms over two growing seasons, from March 26, 2010 to August 23, 2010 (first season - 2009/2010) and from October 4, 2010 to March 21, 2011 (second season - 2009/2010) in the municipality of Pinhais, Paraná state, southern Brazil (25º25'S; 49º08'W). We collected a total of 7,971 pests and 1,987 beneficial organisms. The most abundant pests were Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the first growing season and Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae) in the second. Beneficial organisms from Acari, Araneae, and Hymenoptera parasitoids predominated in both seasons. Temperature and precipitation were the the primary climatic factor associated with the population variation of aphids. Populations of C. fragaefolii grew when the temperature was between 16°C and 25ºC. We found that plant beat was the fastest and most suitable method for strawberry pests monitoring since it captured insects that were effectively colonizing the plants. This study contributes to a better understanding of the entomofauna associated with cultivation of organic strawberry.

scholarly journals Impacts of Increased Climate Variability on the Profitability of Midwest Agriculture

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce L. Dixon ◽  
Kathleen Segerson
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
County Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Profit Functions ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

AbstractApproximate profit functions are estimated using time-series, cross-sectional, county level data for 12 midwest states. Measures of climate variability are included in the profit functions. Simulated impacts of climate changes on profits are derived. Results show that inclusion of measures of climate variation are important for measuring the impact of changes in mean temperature and precipitation levels. Failure to account for the impact of differences in variability leads to an overestimate of damages. If global warming increases diurnal variation, such increases would have negative impacts on the profitability of midwest agriculture.

scholarly journals Spring Freeze Damage of Pecan Bloom: A Review

Horticulturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Amandeep Kaur ◽  
Louise Ferguson ◽  
Niels Maness ◽  
Becky Carroll ◽  
William Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nut Production ◽  
Freeze Damage ◽  
Terminal Buds ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Pecan is native to the United States. The US is the world’s largest pecan producer with an average yearly production of 250 to 300 million pounds; 80 percent of the world’s supply. Georgia, New Mexico, Texas, Arizona, Oklahoma, California, Louisiana, and Florida are the major US pecan producing states. Pecan trees frequently suffer from spring freeze at bud break and bloom as the buds are quite sensitive to freeze damage. This leads to poor flower and nut production. This review focuses on the impact of spring freeze during bud differentiation and flower development. Spring freeze kills the primary terminal buds, the pecan tree has a second chance for growth and flowering through secondary buds. Unfortunately, secondary buds have less bloom potential than primary buds and nut yield is reduced. Spring freeze damage depends on severity of the freeze, bud growth stage, cultivar type and tree age, tree height and tree vigor. This review discusses the impact of temperature on structure and function of male and female reproductive organs. It also summarizes carbohydrate relations as another factor that may play an important role in spring growth and transition of primary and secondary buds to flowers.

scholarly journals Response of altitudinal vegetation belts of the Tianshan Mountains in northwestern China to climate change during 1989–2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Lu-yu Liu ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Man Zhang ◽  
Cheng-bang An
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Tianshan Mountains ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Altitudinal Belts ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWithin the mountain altitudinal vegetation belts, the shift of forest tree lines and subalpine steppe belts to high altitudes constitutes an obvious response to global climate change. However, whether or not similar changes occur in steppe belts (low altitude) and nival belts in different areas within mountain systems remain undetermined. It is also unknown if these, responses to climate change are consistent. Here, using Landsat remote sensing images from 1989 to 2015, we obtained the spatial distribution of altitudinal vegetation belts in different periods of the Tianshan Mountains in Northwestern China. We suggest that the responses from different altitudinal vegetation belts to global climate change are different. The changes in the vegetation belts at low altitudes are spatially different. In high-altitude regions (higher than the forest belts), however, the trend of different altitudinal belts is consistent. Specifically, we focused on analyses of the impact of changes in temperature and precipitation on the nival belts, desert steppe belts, and montane steppe belts. The results demonstrated that the temperature in the study area exhibited an increasing trend, and is the main factor of altitudinal vegetation belts change in the Tianshan Mountains. In the context of a significant increase in temperature, the upper limit of the montane steppe in the eastern and central parts will shift to lower altitudes, which may limit the development of local animal husbandry. The montane steppe in the west, however, exhibits the opposite trend, which may augment the carrying capacity of pastures and promote the development of local animal husbandry. The lower limit of the nival belt will further increase in all studied areas, which may lead to an increase in surface runoff in the central and western regions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of P-Band SAR Tomography for Mapping Tropical Forest Vertical Backscatter and Tree Height

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1485
Author(s):  
Naveen Ramachandran ◽  
Sassan Saatchi ◽  
Stefano Tebaldini ◽  
Mauro Mariotti d’Alessandro ◽  
Onkar Dikshit
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Vertical Profile ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Canopy Layer ◽  
Local Maxima ◽  
Slope Correction ◽  
Compensation Approach ◽  
The Impact

Low-frequency tomographic synthetic aperture radar (TomoSAR) techniques provide an opportunity for quantifying the dynamics of dense tropical forest vertical structures. Here, we compare the performance of different TomoSAR processing, Back-projection (BP), Capon beamforming (CB), and MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC), and compensation techniques for estimating forest height (FH) and forest vertical profile from the backscattered echoes. The study also examines how polarimetric measurements in linear, compact, hybrid, and dual circular modes influence parameter estimation. The tomographic analysis was carried out using P-band data acquired over the Paracou study site in French Guiana, and the quantitative evaluation was performed using LiDAR-based canopy height measurements taken during the 2009 TropiSAR campaign. Our results show that the relative root mean squared error (RMSE) of height was less than 10%, with negligible systematic errors across the range, with Capon and MUSIC performing better for height estimates. Radiometric compensation, such as slope correction, does not improve tree height estimation. Further, we compare and analyze the impact of the compensation approach on forest vertical profiles and tomographic metrics and the integrated backscattered power. It is observed that radiometric compensation increases the backscatter values of the vertical profile with a slight shift in local maxima of the canopy layer for both the Capon and the MUSIC estimators. Our results suggest that applying the proper processing and compensation techniques on P-band TomoSAR observations from space will allow the monitoring of forest vertical structure and biomass dynamics.

Future Extreme Climates Projection over Huang-Huai-Hai Region of China

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3887-3892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang He Gu ◽  
Zhong Bo Yu ◽  
Ji Gan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Huai River ◽  
The Future

This study projects the future extreme climate changes over Huang-Huai-Hai (3H) region in China using a regional climate model (RegCM4). The RegCM4 performs well in “current” climate (1970-1999) simulations by compared with the available surface station data, focusing on near-surface air temperature and precipitation. Future climate changes are evaluated based on experiments driven by European-Hamburg general climate model (ECHAM5) in A1B future scenario (2070-2099). The results show that the annual temperature increase about 3.4 °C-4.2 °C and the annual precipitation increase about 5-15% in most of 3H region at the end of 21st century. The model predicts a generally less frost days, longer growing season, more hot days, no obvious change in heat wave duration index, larger maximum five-day rainfall, more heavy rain days, and larger daily rainfall intensity. The results indicate a higher risk of floods in the future warmer climate. In addition, the consecutive dry days in Huai River Basin will increase, indicating more serve drought and floods conditions in this region.

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