Melt extrudate swell behavior of polypropylene composites filled with hollow glass beads

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Zhao Liang ◽  
Ming-Qiang Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Deformation Energy ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Extrudate Swell ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Hollow Glass ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Swell Ratio ◽  
Twin Screw

Abstract Polypropylene (PP) composites filled with hollow glass beads (HGB) were prepared by means of a twin-screw extruder. The extrudate swell ratio (B) of the PP/HGB composite melts was measured using a melt flow indexer under experimental conditions, with temperatures from 190°C to 230°C and loads varying from 1.20 kg to 7.50 kg, to identify the effects of the extrusion conditions and the particle size and content on the extrudate swell of composite melts. The results showed that the value of B of the composites increased nonlinearly with an increase of shear stress, while it decreased linearly with a rise of temperature. When the load and temperature were constant, the value of B increased nonlinearly with an increase of the HGB diameter, whereas it reduced nonlinearly with an increase of the HGB volume fraction. This should be attributed to the elastic deformation energy stored in the flow of the composite melts, which was decreased with an increase of the HGB number and content.

Rheological Behavior and Microstructure of Flame Retardant Polypropylene Composites

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Jiang ◽  
Kai Liao ◽  
Juan-Juan Han ◽  
De-Xian Feng ◽  
Han-Xiong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Shear Viscosity ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Twin Screw

Polypropylene (PP)/magnesium hydroxide (MDH) composite was melt-mixed using a twin-screw extruder. Two types of MDH were used, one with the modification of silane and another without. The rheological behavior was measured by capillary and dynamical rheometer. Microstructure of these composites was observed by SEM. Their flame retardancy was characterized by oxygen index and Horizontal/Vertical burning test. Results showed that shear viscosity and complex viscosity of PP with modified MDH were lower than that of PP with non-modified MDH. SEM results also showed a better dispersion of silane modified MDH in PP matrix. With the increase of MDH content, the oxygen index of composites was increased. When the content was increased to 60 wt%, the composite was UL94 HB and V-1.

Structure and Mechanical Behavior of Isotactic Polypropylene Composites Filled with Silver Nanoparticles

e-Polymers ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sie Chin Tjong ◽  
Suping Bao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Isotactic Polypropylene ◽  
Ag Nanoparticles ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Melt Compounding ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Izod Impact ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIsotactic polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites containing 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 wt % silver (Ag) nanoparticles were prepared via melt compounding in a twin-screw extruder followed by injection molding The effects of the Ag nanoparticle additions on the structure and mechanical behavior of PP were studied using DSC, WXRD, optical microscopy, tensile and Izod impact techniques. DSC and WXRD measurements showed that the addition of only 0.1 wt% Ag nanoparticles promote the formation of β-form PP. Further increasing Ag content would not lead to additional increase of the β-PP phase content. The induced β- form PP phase is beneficial to enhance the impact strength and tensile ductility of the PP/Ag nanocomposites.

Melt extrudate swell behavior of POM/EVA/HDPE/nano-CaCO3 composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Zhao Liang
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Volume Flow Rate ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Quadratic Equation ◽  
Extrudate Swell ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Swell Ratio

Abstract Polyformaldehyde (POM)/ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites filled with nanometer calcium carbonate (nano-CaCO3) were prepared using a twin-screw extruder. The effects of load and temperature on the melt extrudate swell behavior of the composites were investigated, by using a melt flow rate instrument under experimental conditions, with temperatures ranging from 170°C to 220°C and loads varying from 1.2 kg to 12.5 kg. The results showed that the melt die-swell ratio (B) of the composites decreased linearly with a rise of temperature as the load was fixed, while it increased nonlinearly with increase in the melt volume flow rate (MVR) and load, when the test temperature was constant; they also showed that B is a quadratic function of shear rate or shear stress. The value of B increased nonlinearly with an increase of the HDPE weight fraction (ϕ) as the temperature was constant, and the temperature sensitivity of B to ϕ was insignificant, while the effect of load was significant. The correlation between B and ϕ obeyed a quadratic equation.

The interaction of delignification and fiber characteristics on the mechanical properties of old corrugated container fiber/polypropylene composite

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Pouria Rezaee Niaraki ◽  
Ahmad Jahan Latibari ◽  
Arash Rashno ◽  
Ajang Tajdini
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Polypropylene Composite ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Soda Pulping ◽  
Reducing Stress ◽  
Made In

AbstractThe effect of fiber characteristics from old corrugated container (OCC) paper on the strength properties of OCC/polypropylene composites was evaluated. Fibers with different contents of lignin (2.8%, 3.8%, 5.3%, and 7%) were produced using soda pulping. Wettability, tear, and tensile strength of the fibers were measured as the indication factors to assess the strength of reinforcing component in the composites. The weight portions of the OCC fibers, polypropylene, and maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) were selected at 20%, 77%, and 3% of the total weight of the composite, respectively. The composite compounds were formed using a counter-rotating twin screw extruder, and the specimens were made in an injection molding machine. The interaction of fiber characteristics and fiber lignin content on the mechanical properties of composite was investigated. The results revealed that with lower fiber lignin content, both flexural and tensile properties were increased. Consequently, by forming better fiber dispersion and by reducing stress regions in the composite, impact strength was also improved. Lower lignin content resulted in better mechanical properties than fiber characteristics.

Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Meranti Wood Flour Filled Polypropylene Composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 840 ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashree Abu Bakar ◽  
Mohamad Najmi Masri ◽  
Mohd Hazim Mohamad Amini ◽  
Mazlan Mohamed ◽  
Muhammad Azwadi Sulaiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Fibre Matrix ◽  
Scanning Electron

Wood plastic composites (WPC) have been produced by compounding meranti wood flour (WF) with polypropylene (PP) copolymer using a twin-screw extruder. The meranti WF content was varied from 30 to 60 wt.%. The mechanical properties, i.e. tensile, flexural and impact of the composites were determined on injection-molded specimens. The tensile fractured surfaces were used to study the morphological properties of the composites. The result shows that the increment in WF content has given a significant improvement in modulus properties but at the expense of strength and toughness properties. A commercial maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) compatibilizer at 5 wt.% was incorporated into the PP40/WF60 formulation. The strength, stiffness and toughness properties were improved significantly in the presence of MAPP. The morphology of the composites was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The improvement of the fibre-matrix adhesion between the WF and PP matrix as revealed by SEM is believed to be one of the major reasons for the improved mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Mechanical and thermal properties of bacterial-cellulose-fibre-reinforced Mater-Bi® bionanocomposite

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 325-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamonangan Nainggolan ◽  
Saharman Gea ◽  
Emiliano Bilotti ◽  
Ton Peijs ◽  
Sabar D Hutagalung
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Cellulose Fibre ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Twin Screw

The effects of the addition of fibres of bacterial cellulose (FBC) to commercial starch of Mater-Bi® have been investigated. FBC produced by cultivating Acetobacter xylinum for 21 days in glucose-based medium were purified by sodium hydroxide 2.5 wt % and sodium hypochlorite 2.5 wt % overnight, consecutively. To obtain water-free BC nanofibres, the pellicles were freeze dried at a pressure of 130 mbar at a cooling rate of 10 °C min−1. Both Mater-Bi and FBC were blended by using a mini twin-screw extruder at 160 °C for 10 min at a rotor speed of 50 rpm. Tensile tests were performed according to ASTM D638 to measure the Young’s modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break. A field emission scanning electron microscope was used to observe the morphology at an accelerating voltage of 10 kV. The crystallinity (T c) and melting temperature (T m) were measured by DSC. Results showed a significant improvement in mechanical and thermal properties in accordance with the addition of FBC into Mater-Bi. FBC is easily incorporated in Mater-Bi matrix and produces homogeneous Mater-Bi/FBC composite. The crystallinity of the Mater-Bi/FBC composites decrease in relation to the increase in the volume fraction of FBC.

scholarly journals Poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene-co-styrene) Reinforced with Hollow Glass Microspheres: Evaluation of Extrusion Parameters and Their Effects on the Composite Properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Panozzo Cunha ◽  
Laura Berasain Gonella ◽  
Matheus Poletto ◽  
Ana Maria Colon Grisa ◽  
Rosmary Nichele Brandalise
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Twin Screw Extruder ◽  
Glass Microspheres ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Hollow Glass Microspheres ◽  
Hollow Glass ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Feeding Zone ◽  
Poly Acrylonitrile

Hollow glass microspheres (HGMs) filled poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene-co-styrene) (ABS) composites were prepared by means of a twin-screw extruder. S038 HGMs were incorporated at different percentages of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 wt%. The HGMs were added into the twin-screw extruder at two different feeding zones, and the effect of HGMs loading and specific feeding zone addition on the composites produced was evaluated with regard to morphological, thermal, rheological, physical, and mechanical properties. As a result, the composite density was reduced while the thermal stability, storage modulus, complex viscosity, and tensile and flexural modulus were improved when compared with the ABS matrix. The results also indicate that the addition of 5.0 wt% of HGMs at the feeding zone closer to the die maintains the integrity of the HGMs and promotes composites with higher mechanical properties and lower density when compared with the composites obtained with the addition of HGMs closer to the hopper.

Performance of Polypropylene Composites Filled by Calcium Carbonate Whiskers

2011 ◽  
Vol 399-401 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
Qiu Ju Sun ◽  
Gui Zhen Zhao ◽  
Shi Gang Xin ◽  
Shi Wei Wu ◽  
Jie Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Sodium Stearate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Scanning Electron

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) whiskers were firstly treated by sodium stearate, and then blended with polypropylene (PP) to prepare the composites by a closely intermeshing co-rotating twin-screw extruder at 200°C. The performance of the composites, such as thermal behavior, microstructure and mechanical properties, were analyzed with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical testing. The results showed that CaCO3 whisker influenced the crystalline behavior of PP phase in the blends because of its intervening. Moreover, thermo-decomposing temperature, tensile and bending strengths of the blends all increased with increasing whisker content. CaCO3 whiskers had good reinforcing and toughening effects on PP.

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