Characterization and application of methylcellulose and potato starch blended films in controlled release of urea

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keshak Babu ◽  
Achinta Bera ◽  
Kamlesh Kumari ◽  
Ajay Mandal ◽  
Vinod Kumar Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Percentage Elongation ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Physical Gel ◽  
Urea Release ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract Biodegradable blended films from methylcellulose (MC) and potato starch (PST) have been developed by the casting process. In the present work the influences of concentrations of MC and PST on rheological properties, swelling, mechanical properties such as tensile strength, percentage elongation at break and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the prepared blended films have been studied. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of pure MC, PST, their mixture and the mixture with glutaraldehyde and urea was performed to investigate the interactions in blended films. The blended films of MC and PST showed an increase in tensile strength due to the cross linking reactions of the amylopectin molecule of PST in the physical gel state. The change of percentage elongation at break increased with MC concentration and the opposite trend was found in the case of the WVTR due to the network structure of the blended films. The blended films showed a large improvement in the abovementioned properties compared with each single component, due to the interaction formed between hydroxyl groups of PST and the methoxy groups of MC. Experiments were also conducted to investigate the controlled urea release through blended films and the kinetics of the process. Interesting results were found with the prepared MC and PST blended films.

scholarly journals Effect of Alkali Treatment on Structure and Properties of High Amylose Corn Starch Film

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Qin ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Yangyong Dai ◽  
Hanxue Hou ◽  
Haizhou Dong
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Naoh Treatment ◽  
High Amylose ◽  
Starch Molecule

Alkali treatment is used for melt extrusion film formation with corn starch, but optimal conditions for this procedure are still unknown. In this study, the changes in properties and structure of high amylose corn starch (70%) films with different concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), prepared by melting extrusion, were investigated. With increasing sodium hydroxide concentrations, the tensile strength of the high-amylose starch film decreased gradually, while the elongation at break increased. The tensile strength of the high amylose starch (HAS) film with 2% NaOH-treatment was 10.03 MPa and its elongation at break was 40%. A 2% NaOH-treatment promoted the orderly rearrangement of starch molecules and formed an Eh-type crystal structure, which enlarged the spacing of the single helix structure, increased the molecular mobility of the starch, and slowed down the process of recrystallization; a 10% NaOH-treatment oxidized the hydroxyl groups of the high amylose corn starch during extrusion, formed a poly-carbonyl structure, and initiated the degradation and cross-linking of starch molecule chains.

scholarly journals Thermoplastic Cassava Starch-PVA Composite Films with Cellulose Nanofibers from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches as Reinforcement Agent

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Fahma ◽  
Sugiarto ◽  
Titi Candra Sunarti ◽  
Sabrina Manora Indriyani ◽  
Nurmalisa Lisdayana
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Water Vapor Transmission Rate ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Water Vapor Transmission

Thermoplastic starch-polyvinyl alcohol composite films were prepared by casting method with cellulose nanofibers as reinforcement agent and glycerol as plasticizer. The obtained cellulose nanofibers with a diameter of 27.23±8.21 nm were isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFBs) by mechanical treatment. The addition of cellulose nanofibers until 3 wt% increased tensile strength and crystallinity of the composite films. In contrast, it decreased their elongation at break and water vapor transmission rate. Meanwhile, the addition of glycerol increased elongation at break and water vapor transmission rate of film matrix but lowers tensile strength of composite films.

scholarly journals Effect of Alginate and Polyethylene Glycol Addition on Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of k-Carrageenan-based Edible Film

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Giyatmi Giyatmi ◽  
Tika Annisa Eka Poetri ◽  
Hari Eko Irianto ◽  
Dina Fransiska ◽  
Agusman Agusman
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Edible Film ◽  
Biodegradable Films ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Characteristics

Waste disposal problems have attracted scientists around the world to explore the use of renewable resources to produce biodegradable films and coatings. Indonesia has diverse renewable resources of biopolymers that originated from seaweeds such as carrageenan, agar, and alginate. Carrageenan is considered as a potential biopolymer for edible film manufacture due to its characteristic range. This study aimed to develop carrageenan-based edible film using alginate and polyethylene glycol as plasticizers. Edible film made from k-carrageenan with the addition of alginate and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as plasticizers was tested for its mechanical properties, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and water solubility.  Blending k-carrageenan with alginate (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.0% w/v) increased tensile strength, thickness, and water solubility, but reduced elongation at break, WVTR, and moisture content. The addition of PEG (1%, 2%, and 3% w/v) reduced tensile strength and water solubility, but increased elongation at break, thickness, and moisture content. This study recommended that the best carrageenan-based edible film was obtained from a formula using 1% alginate (w/v) and 1% PEG (w/v).

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF A BIODEGRADABLE COMPOSITE FILM FROM CHITOSAN, AGAR AND GLYCEROL BASED ON OPTIMIZATION PROCESS BY RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 849-865
Author(s):  
PARTHIBAN FATHIRAJA ◽  
SUGUMAR GOPALRAJAN ◽  
MASILAN KARUNANITHI ◽  
MURALIDHARAN NAGARAJAN ◽  
MOHAN CHITRADURGA OBAIAH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Composite Film ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Puncture Resistance

The aim of the study has been to develop a biodegradable film from marine polysaccharides. The optimization of polysaccharides quantity for the composite film was sought by empirical response surface methodology. The Box–Behnken Model Design was applied to optimize the concentration of chitosan (1.0-2.0% (w/v), agar (1.0-2.0% (w/v) and glycerol (0.1-0.5% (w/v) as independent variables to achieve the goal. The overall desirability function fits with the quadratic model (0.862043) at a significant level (p < 0.05) for the optimum concentration of chitosan (1.5% (w/v), agar (2.0% (w/v) and glycerol (0.41% (w/v) to obtain the minimum water vapor permeability (7.25 10-10g m m-2 Pa-1 s-1) and maximum tensile strength (12.21 Ma P), elongation at break (7.32%) and puncture resistance (16.18 N) in the optimized composite film. The absolute residual errors of experimental and predicted responses were between 1.24 and 3.56% acceptable levels. Attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the intermolecular non-covalent hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl groups of agar and glycerol with the amino group of chitosan. 3D atomic force microscopy images revealed that the chitosan, agar and glycerol film has layer-by-layer smooth surface properties due to homogenous interaction among the polysaccharides; this provides the film with good mechanical properties and with functional application. Chitosan was found to be responsible for the lower level of water vapor permeability and higher puncture resistance of the film. Tensile strength and elongation at break were influenced by agar and glycerol. The whiteness of the film was negatively affected with the concentration of chitosan.

scholarly journals Study of Physical Characteristic, Water Vapor Transmission Rate and Inhibition Zones of Edible Films from Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) Incorporated with Yellow Sweet Potato Starch and Glycerol

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Nur Rahmiatiningrum ◽  
Sukardi Sukardi ◽  
Warkoyo Warkoyo
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Edible Film ◽  
Water Vapor Transmission Rate ◽  
Aloe Vera Gel ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Sweet Potato Starch

Glucomannan was the main polysaccharide of Aloe vera gel. It was dissolved in water, formed a gel, and transparent as a film. Aloe vera gel was reported antimicrobial and antioxidant activity such as saponin and anthraquinone that was potential for the increased value of an edible film. However, Aloe vera gel form weak film caused glucomannan to have high water absorption. In this research, Aloe vera gel was used as a basis for the polymer film. Yellow sweet potato starch added for the strength matrix component used amylose. This starch expected to give colors from carotenoids. Glycerol also added for the flexibility of an edible film. Randomized Complete Block Design Factorial (RCBD) was applied. The first factor was concentration of yellow sweet potato starch (1%, 2%, 3%) and the second one was glycerol (0,1%, 0,25%, and 0,5%). The parameters tested were color, thickness, transparency, tensile strength, elongation, solubility, water vapor transmission rate, and inhibition zones against E. coli, and S. aureus, fungi A. niger and C. Albicans. The results showed that the addition of yellow sweet potato starch and glycerol with different concentration had a significant effect on color, thickness, transparency, tensile strength, elongation, and solubility. However, an edible film on this research has not to show bacteria and fungi inhibition zone of edible film. P2G1 is the best treatment (yellow sweet potato starch 2% and glycerol 0,1%) produced an edible film with a thickness of 0.12mm, elongation 50.85%, tensile strength 0.55 MPa, solubility 41.03%, transparency 2.13%, vapor transmission rate 3,40 g/m2/24hours, L, a+, b+ score in sequence 41.87, 0.2, and 4.1.

scholarly journals Karakterisasi Edible Film dari Pati Propagul Mangrove Lindur (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) dengan Penambahan Carboxymethyl Cellulose (Cmc) sebagai Pemlastis [Characterization of Edible Film From Propagules Mangrove Lindur (Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza) Starch with Addition of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (Cmc) as Plasticizer]

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azka Prima Nurindra ◽  
Moch Amin Alamsjah ◽  
Sudarno Sudarno
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Edible Film ◽  
Concentration Addition ◽  
Water Vapor Transmission Rate ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Water Vapor Transmission

Abstract The using of synthetic packaging generally has a problem for healthy and nature. This plastic rubbish can’t degredable by nature and soil. Necessary alternative packaging technology which safe and degredable that is edible film. Use of single material in edible film as starch have some shortage, that is brittle and rigid. Therefore, it is necessary to add material as plasticizer. Plasticizer that use in this study is Carboxymethyl Cellulose. This purpose of this study is to know the effect addition of carboxymethyl cellulose on characterization edible film from propagules mangorve B.gymnorrhiza. The method of this study is experimental with Completely Randomized Design. The treatment is concentration addition of CMC, that is A (0%), B (0,2%), C (0,4%), D (0,6%), E (0,8%), F (1%) and G (1,2%), with four repeatations. Parameters measured were thcikness, water vapor transmission rate, tensile strength and elongation at break. Data analysis using Analysis of Varioan (ANOVA) and if there is difference significant on the result, further with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The result of this study show that addition of CMC have different very significant (p<0,01) on thickness, water vapor transmission rate, tensile strength and elongation at break. The best treatment in this study is treatment G (addition CMC concentration 1,2%) with scoring method which basicaly on JIS (Japanesse Industrial Standard) 

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF POWDER SHUNGYTES ON PROPERTIES OF OIL-AND BENZO RESISTANT RUBBERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Nikolay F. Ushmarin ◽  
Egor G. Efimovskii ◽  
Nina N. Petrova ◽  
Sergei I. Sandalov ◽  
Nikolay I. Kol'tsov
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Residual Deformation ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Rubber Mixture ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Industrial Oil ◽  
Strength Change ◽  
Kinetics Of

In the article two rubber mixtures are studied: rubber 7NO-68-1SK based on a combination of butadiene-nitrile caoutchouc BNKS-18AMN with chloroprene caoutchouc neoprene W and rubber 81-453 based on a combination of butadiene-nitrile caoutchouc BNKS-40AMN, butadiene caoutchouc SKD, butadiene-methylstyrene caoutchouc SKMS-30 ARK and sevilene 11808-340. The purpose of the study was to improve the physical-mechanical and operational properties of both rubber mixtures by using fine powdered schungites Taurit TS-D, Psh-5 and PSH-20 in their composition. To assess the kinetics of vulcanization of rubber mixtures, the following were determined: the minimum and maximum torques; start time, optimum time, time achieving maximum vulcanization rate and maximum of vulcanization rate. To assess the physical-mechanical properties, we determined: the conditional tensile strength; elongation at break; hardness and relative residual deformation after compression. To evaluate the performance properties of rubbers, the following was determined: the change in the relative tensile strength; change in elongation at break and change in mass after aging of vulcanizates in a standard liquid SZHR-1, isooctane + toluene mixture, as well as in gasoline and industrial oil I-20A. It is shown that for the rubber mixture 7-NO-68-1SK a partial replacement of carbon blacks P 803 on the schungite PSH-5 in an amount of 15 parts by weight leads to an improvement in the rheometric parameters, physico-mechanical and operational properties of vulcanizates. For the rubber mixture 81-453, partial replacement of the persil 175 on shungite PSH-5 also allows improving the rheometric properties and increasing the physico-mechanical and operational parameters.

scholarly journals Drying Effect on Mechanical Properties of Bio-nanocomposite Films Fabricated from Self-assembled Cellulose Nanocrystals into Potato Starch

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-138
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Natural Drying

Composites films with higher mechanical properties from naturally occurring degradable materials are of present demand to achieve goals of sustainable development. Interaction within composite constituents during drying controls mechanical properties. Here, bio-nanocomposites films were first prepared from cellulose nanocrystals synthesized from jute fibres and extracted potato starch with the same chemical formulations. The filler, nanocrystals consist of nanorod-like cellulose particles obtained as an aqueous suspension by sulfuric acid (H2SO4) hydrolysis of jute fibres and the matrix was prepared by plasticization of potato starch after disruption of starch granules with water and glycerin. Nanocomposite films were obtained by casting the homogeneous aqueous suspension at 95oC and followed by natural drying (atmospheric drying, 25oC) and oven drying at 40oC. The thickness of the bio-nanocomposites film about 250 μm was controlled by using a 2 mm thick structural glass frame. It is revealed that with increasing the percentage of cellulose nanocrystals in composite films, mechanical properties corresponding to tensile strength and Young’s modulus were increased significantly. The film containing the highest quantity of cellulose nanocrystals (20% w/w of starch) revealed better properties in case of natural drying (tensile strength 84.2 MPa, Young’s modulus 0.563 GPa, elongation at break 27%) than the film properties (tensile strength 35.2 MPa, Young’s modulus 0.423 GPa, elongation at break 20%) of oven drying.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Konsentrasi Seng Oksida (ZnO) dan Penambahan Gliserol terhadap Karakteristik Bioplastik dari Pati Umbi Gadung (Dioscorea hispida Deenst)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
Wijaya Saputra ◽  
Amna Hartiati ◽  
Bambang Admadi Harsojuwono
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Vapor Transmission Rate ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Water Vapor Transmission

Bioplastics are a type of plastic made from renewable materials such as starch. A study aims to determine the effect of addition zinc oxide (ZnO) and the of glycerol and this interaction to the characteristics of the bioplastik starch dioscorea hispida and determine the addition of zinc oxide (ZnO) and the of glycerol to produce bioplastiks from starch dioscorea hispida with the best characteristics. This study uses factorial randomized block design. The first factor is the addition of zinc oxide (ZnO) which consists of 3 levels, namely 8, 9 and 10% (from 6 grams of starch). The second factor is the addition of glycerol which consists of 3 levels, namely 1; 1.5 and 2 grams. Each treatment is grouped into 2 based on production time, so that 18 units are obtained. The variables observed were tensile strength, elongation at break, elasticity, biodegradation, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate. The data obtained were analyzed for diversity and continued with a test of Significant Honest Difference. The results showed that the addition of zinc oxide and the glycerol have a very significant effect on tensile strength, elongation at break, elasticity, development and transmission of water vapor. While the interaction of the concentration of zinc oxide (ZnO) and the addition of glycerol have a very significant effect on tensile strength and elongation at break and have a significant effect on elasticity and development. The treatment of 10% addition with 1 gram of glycerol is the best characteristic of bioplastic dioscorea hispida denst with a tensile strength value of 1.385 ± 0.007 MPa; elongation 10.2±0.014 %; elasticity 13.995±0.204 MPa; swelling 13.5±0.007 %; Water Vapour Transmition 0.0053±0,013 g/hour.m2; biodegradation ability of 7 days. Keywords: bioplastics, ZnO, glycerol, Dioscorea hispida Deenst.

scholarly journals Effect of Nylon-6 Concentration on the Properties of Hot Melt Adhesive Synthesized using Dimer Acid and Ethylenediamine

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-215
Author(s):  
PRAVIN G. KADAM ◽  
SHASHANK T. MHASKE
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Peel Strength ◽  
Percentage Elongation ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Lap Shear Strength ◽  
Lap Shear ◽  
Enthalpy Of Melting ◽  
Hot Melt

Hot melt adhesive synthesized using polymerized fatty acid (PFA) (composition: ~1% trilinoleic acid, ~97% dilinoleic acid and ~2% linoleic acid) and ethylenediamine was blended with nylon-6, in-situ during the synthesis process to improve its performance properties. Nylon-6 was added in concentrations as 5, 10, 15 and 20 phr in the hot melt adhesive. The prepared blends were characterized for thermal (melting temperature, crystallization temperature, enthalpy of melting and enthalpy of crystallization), mechanical (tensile strength, tensile modulus, stiffness, percentage elongation at break and hardness), adhesion (lap shear strength and T-peel strength) and rheological properties. It was found that the viscosity, tensile strength, tensile modulus, stiffness, hardness, melting temperature, enthalpy of melting, crystallization temperature and enthalpy of crystallization increased with increase in concentration of nylon-6 in the hot melt adhesive. But lap shear strength and T-peel strength increased up to 10 phr concentration of nylon-6 above which both started decreasing. Percentage elongation at break decreased with increase in concentration of nylon-6 in the hot melt adhesive. Hot melt adhesive molecules must have oriented themselves about nylon-6, increasing its crystallinity, and thus the strength of the adhesive.

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