Membrane-based separation technologies: from polymeric materials to novel process: an outlook from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyi Jiang ◽  
Liangyin Chu ◽  
Xuemei Wu ◽  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Xiaobin Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Separation ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Future Research

Abstract During the past two decades, research on membrane and membrane-based separation process has developed rapidly in water treatment, gas separation, biomedicine, biotechnology, chemical manufacturing and separation process integration. In China, remarkable progresses on membrane preparation, process development and industrial application have been made with the burgeoning of the domestic economy. This review highlights the recent development of advanced membranes in China, such as smart membranes for molecular-recognizable separation, ion exchange membrane for chemical productions, antifouling membrane for liquid separation, high-performance gas separation membranes and the high-efficiency hybrid membrane separation process design, etc. Additionally, the applications of advanced membranes, relevant devices and process design strategy in chemical engineering related fields are discussed in detail. Finally, perspectives on the future research directions, key challenges and issues in membrane separation are concluded.

Evaluation of the Permeation of O2, Co2 and Water Vapor in Membranes of Polyetherimide/Clay National Nanocomposites

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1570-1573
Author(s):  
Vanessa Nóbrega Medeiros ◽  
Amanda Melissa Damião Leite ◽  
Renê Anísio da Paz ◽  
Edcleide Maria Araujo ◽  
Luiz Antônio Pessan
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Gas Separation ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Nanometric Particles ◽  
Cryogenic Distillation

The membrane separation process, although is recently, is increasing in applications such as purification, fractioning and concentration of substances in several industries. The membranes to gas separation present specific advantages when compared with conventional separation process (such as, cryogenic distillation and adsorption). Composite membrane has been widely applied in gas separation. The interest in the nanotechnology development in the last decade allows the increase in the nanocomposite area due to the special properties presented by these materials. In the nanocomposite the nanometric particles are dispersed in the polymer matrix. The polymer matrix used in this work was a polyetherimide (PEI), which is the most popular polymers for the preparation of membrane due to its solvent resistance and high selectivity. These membranes were obtained from polyetherimide (PEI) with bentonite clay from Paraiba/Brazil, by solvent evaporation method, and applied to gas permeability. The membranes were characterized by permeability to O2, CO2and water vapor. The results present in this study show good expectation.

scholarly journals High Retention and Purification of Bromelain Enzyme (Ananas comosus L. Merrill) from Pineapple Juice Using Plain and Hollow Polymeric Membranes Techniques

Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Felix M. Carbajal Gamarra ◽  
José C. C. Santana ◽  
Segundo A. V. Llanos ◽  
Jorge A. Heredia Pérez ◽  
Fábio Richard Flausino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Polymeric Membranes ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Pineapple Juice ◽  
The World ◽  
Pineapple Fruit

The demand for bromelian and pineapple fruit has been increasing substantially in the world because of their benefits for the human health and use in diverse areas. In this context, this work aimed to study the capacity of higher retention (concentration); bromelain activity underwent ultrafiltration from pineapple juice (Ananas comusus L. Merrill). All assays were carried out at pH 7.0 and 7.5, and at 0.05 and 0.40 bar of transmembrane pressures. Results have shown that at the best operating conditions, between 85 and 87% of bromelain activity was recovered using the plain membrane separation process at 0.05 bar. The ultrafiltration has shown the capacity to retain 100% of proteolytic activity of the bromelain extracted. The samples have kept the same physics properties after ultrafiltration, and the result was verified via electrophoresis. The bromelain enzyme obtained was characterized, and pH 7 and between 30 and 40 °C were the best conditions. Therefore, this work shows that the use of both polymeric membranes has shown high efficiency, and can be used in the purification of bromelain enzymes.

scholarly journals Special Issue on “Process Design, Integration, and Intensification”

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Dominic Foo ◽  
Mahmoud El-Halwagi
Keyword(s):  
Process Design ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Engineering Community ◽  
Design Integration

With the growing emphasis on enhancing the sustainability and efficiency of industrial plants, process integration and intensification are gaining additional interest throughout the chemical engineering community [...]

scholarly journals A literature review of smart warehouse operations management

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Zhen ◽  
Haolin Li
Keyword(s):  
Operations Management ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Warehouse Operations

AbstractE-commerce, new retail, and other changes have highlighted the requirement of high efficiency and accuracy in the logistics service. As an important section in logistics and supply chain management, warehouses need to respond positively to the increasing requirement. The “smart warehouse” system, which is equipped with emerging warehousing technologies, is increasingly attracting the attention of industry and technology giants as an efficient solution for the future of warehouse development. This study provides a holistic view of operations management problems within the context of smart warehouses. We provide a framework to review smart warehouse operations management based on the characteristics of smart warehouses, including the perspectives of information interconnection, equipment automation, process integration, and environmental sustainability. A comprehensive review of relevant literature is then carried out based on the framework with four perspectives. This study could provide future research directions on smart warehouses for academia and industry practitioners.

Well-Defined Materials for High-Performance Chromatographic Separation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 451-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liang ◽  
Lihua Zhang ◽  
Yukui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Materials Used

Chromatographic separation has been widely applied in various fields, such as chemical engineering, precision medicine, energy, and biology. Because chromatographic separation is based on differential partitioning between the mobile phase and stationary phase and affected by band dispersion and mass transfer resistance from these two phases, the materials used as the stationary phase play a decisive role in separation performance. In this review, we discuss the design of separation materials to achieve the separation with high efficiency and high resolution and highlight the well-defined materials with uniform pore structure and unique properties. The achievements, recent developments, challenges, and future trends of such materials are discussed. Furthermore, the surface functionalization of separation ma-terials for further improvement of separation performance is reviewed. Finally, future research directions and the challenges of chromatographic separation are presented.

Characterization of Unfilled Tungsten Plugs on a 0.35μm CMOS Multilevel Metallization Process

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sur ◽  
S. Bothra ◽  
Y. Strunk ◽  
J. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Process Development ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Wafer Level ◽  
Electrical Failure ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Integration Approach ◽  
Intermetal Dielectric ◽  
Metallization Process ◽  
Section Analysis

Abstract An investigation into metallization/interconnect failures during the process development phase of an advanced 0.35μm CMOS ASIC process is presented. The corresponding electrical failure signature was electrical shorting on SRAM test arrays and subsequently functional/Iddq failures on product-like test vehicles. Advanced wafer-level failure analysis techniques and equipment were used to isolate and identify the leakage source as shorting of metal lines due to tungsten (W) residue which was originating from unfilled vias. Further cross-section analysis revealed that the failing vias were all exposed to the intermetal dielectric spin-on glass (SOG) material used for filling the narrow spaces between metal lines. The outgassing of the SOG in the exposed regions of the via prior to and during the tungsten plug deposition is believed to be the cause of the unfilled vias. This analysis facilitated further process development in eliminating the failure mechanism and since then no failures of this nature have been observed. The process integration approach used to eliminate the failure is discussed.

The Novel TEM Sample Preparation Approach for Targeted via with Barrier/Cu Seed Layer Inspection

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Fei Hsieh ◽  
Shih-Hsiang Tseng ◽  
Bo Min She
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Seed Layer ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Dual Beam ◽  
Sample Preparation Procedure

Abstract In this study, an FIB-based cross section TEM sample preparation procedure for targeted via with barrier/Cu seed layer is introduced. The dual beam FIB with electron beam for target location and Ga ion beam for sample milling is the main tool for the targeted via with barrier/Cu seed layer inspection. With the help of the FIB operation and epoxy layer protection, ta cross section TEM sample at a targeted via with barrier/Cu seed layer could be made. Subsequent TEM inspection is used to verify the quality of the structure. This approach was used in the Cu process integration performance monitor. All these TEM results are very helpful in process development and yield improvement.

Metabolism and Distribution of Novel Tumor Targeting Drugs In Vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 996-1008
Author(s):  
Mengli Wang ◽  
Qiuzheng Du ◽  
Lihua Zuo ◽  
Peng Xue ◽  
Chao Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Targeted Drugs

Background: As a new tumor therapy, targeted therapy is becoming a hot topic due to its high efficiency and low toxicity. Drug effects of targeted tumor drugs are closely related to pharmacokinetics, so it is important to understand their distribution and metabolism in vivo. Methods: A systematic review of the literature on the metabolism and distribution of targeted drugs over the past 20 years was conducted, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of approved targeted drugs were summarized in combination with the FDA's drug instructions. Targeting drugs are divided into two categories: small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. Novel targeting drugs and their mechanisms of action, which have been developed in recent years, are summarized. The distribution and metabolic processes of each drug in the human body are reviewed. Results: In this review, we found that the distribution and metabolism of small molecule kinase inhibitors (TKI) and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) showed different characteristics based on the differences of action mechanism and molecular characteristics. TKI absorbed rapidly (Tmax ≈ 1-4 h) and distributed in large amounts (Vd > 100 L). It was mainly oxidized and reduced by cytochrome P450 CYP3A4. However, due to the large molecular diameter, mAb was distributed to tissues slowly, and the volume of distribution was usually very low (Vd < 10 L). It was mainly hydrolyzed and metabolized into peptides and amino acids by protease hydrolysis. In addition, some of the latest drugs are still in clinical trials, and the in vivo process still needs further study. Conclusion: According to the summary of the research progress of the existing targeting drugs, it is found that they have high specificity, but there are still deficiencies in drug resistance and safety. Therefore, the development of safer and more effective targeted drugs is the future research direction. Meanwhile, this study also provides a theoretical basis for clinical accurate drug delivery.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document