Diabetes in Native Americans: elevated risk as a result of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zafar Aminov ◽  
Richard Haase ◽  
David O. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Total Pcbs ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Chlorinated Pesticides ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Rate Ratios

AbstractWe have studied rates of diabetes in 601 members of the Mohawk Nation at Akwesasne, ages 18–84 years, in relation to serum concentrations of 101 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and three chlorinated pesticides [dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and mirex]. Diabetes was determined from either a diagnosis by a physician or by having a fasting glucose concentration of >125 mg/dL. Rates of diabetes are high in this community. Three models were used. In the first model rate ratios (RR) were determined for quartiles of total PCBs after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and total serum lipids. For total PCBs RR=2.21 (1.2–4.2), while for total pesticides RR=3.75 (1.3–10.7). When the total PCB results were also adjusted for total pesticides and the total pesticide results were also adjusted for total PCBs (Model 2) the RRs were somewhat reduced. In Model 3 we considered subgroups of PCBs based on numbers of chlorines on the molecule (tri-/tetra, penta-/hexa, hepta plus) and numbers of

Evidence of Organochlorine Pesticide and Polychlorinated Biphenyl Residues in Slovenian Poultry Tissues from 1997 to 1999

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 2326-2331 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOJCA JEVŠNIK ◽  
VESNA CERKVENIK FLAJS ◽  
DARINKA ZDENKA DOGANOC
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Total Pcbs ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Poultry Fat ◽  
Tissue Contamination ◽  
Poultry Tissues

The contamination of poultry tissues by total organochlorine (OC) pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Slovenia was examined from a public health perspective. As part of systematic veterinary and sanitary monitoring of foods of animal origin from 1997 to 1999, 87 samples of fat tissue were examined for the presence of α-HCH, lindane, heptachlor, and total DDT (plus DDE and DDD) and 88 samples of fat tissue were examined for the presence of total PCBs (sum of PCB congeners). The levels of poultry tissue contamination in six regions of Slovenia were determined. Levels of OC pesticides were below detection limits in 86.2% of analyses performed. Total PCB levels for most samples (59.1%) of poultry fat tissue were in the 0.002- to 0.02-mg/kg range. The level of contamination with OC pesticides and total PCBs in poultry fat tissue was not influenced by the type of poultry and was the highest in samples from industrial areas, which have been ecologically disturbed. All samples met Slovenian and European Union tolerances.

scholarly journals Persistent Organic Pollutants in Serum and Several Different Fat Compartments in Humans

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Yu ◽  
John Laseter ◽  
Charles Mylander
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Chlorinated Pesticides ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
The Difference

Background. Chemicals that store in lipid-rich compartments have the potential for long-term disruption of metabolic and endocrine processes. Given the evidence that persistent organic pollutants (POPs) also alter systemic metabolic, endocrine, and immune system functions, it follows that elevated chemical concentrations in intra-abdominal fat may alter function, through local chemical signaling, of visceral organs. Despite this potential, there has been little study defining POP concentrations in live human intra-abdominal fat. It is at present uncertain whether POPs distribute equally to all fat compartments, including fat in serum.Methods. Seven human subjects scheduled for elective surgery for benign lesions or cancer provided consent for removal of samples of subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat and/or cancerous tissue. These samples were analyzed for 22 chlorinated pesticides and 10 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners by GC/ECD plus GC/MS.Results. In only two subjects were the patterns and relative concentrations of PCBs and pesticides about the same in all fat compartments. In the other subjects, there were major differences in levels in subcutaneous as compared to other compartments, but with some higher and some lower. While the pattern of PCBs in the various compartments matched that of the pesticides in some, it was opposite in others.Interpretation. These results demonstrate a complicated distribution of PCB congeners and pesticides in various lipid compartments. The difference may reflect various Kows, different rates of metabolism, and/or different lengths of exposure. But the results suggest that contaminant levels in serum or even subcutaneous fat do not necessarily indicate concentrations and patterns in other kinds of adipose tissue.

Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and chlorinated pesticides in a cod liver oil reference material

Chemosphere ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1687-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele M. Schantz ◽  
Reenie M. Parris ◽  
Stephen A. Wise ◽  
Henry T. Won ◽  
Richard Turle
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Chlorinated Pesticides ◽  
Pcb Congeners

Polychlorinated biphenyl induced hepatocyte alterations

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 716-717
Author(s):  
D.N. Collins ◽  
J.N. Turner ◽  
K.O. Brosch ◽  
R.F. Seegal
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Homovanillic Acid ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Urinary Levels ◽  
The Brain

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a ubiquitous class of environmental pollutants with toxic and hepatocellular effects, including accumulation of fat, proliferated smooth endoplasmic recticulum (SER), and concentric membrane arrays (CMAs) (1-3). The CMAs appear to be a membrane storage and degeneration organelle composed of a large number of concentric membrane layers usually surrounding one or more lipid droplets often with internalized membrane fragments (3). The present study documents liver alteration after a short term single dose exposure to PCBs with high chlorine content, and correlates them with reported animal weights and central nervous system (CNS) measures. In the brain PCB congeners were concentrated in particular regions (4) while catecholamine concentrations were decreased (4-6). Urinary levels of homovanillic acid a dopamine metabolite were evaluated (7).Wistar rats were gavaged with corn oil (6 controls), or with a 1:1 mixture of Aroclor 1254 and 1260 in corn oil at 500 or 1000 mg total PCB/kg (6 at each level).

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