scholarly journals Contesting neoliberal governance. The case of Romanian Roma

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ionuț-Marian Anghel
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Democratic Accountability ◽  
Human Rights Organizations ◽  
Neoliberal Governance ◽  
And Control

Abstract The article delineates the shifting forms of minority governance that took shape after 1989 in solving Roma related affairs and its ambiguous effects on the ground. I argue that, after 1989, the new social and public policies adopted a more neoliberal trend in solving Romani affairs through processes of decentralization, public-private partnerships and mobilization of civil society (Roma) organizations as key tools for empowering and social inclusion of Romani communities, abandoning old governmental programs focused on discipline, control and policing. However, as we will see in the Romanian case, these processes and policies had ambiguous effects and often have gone together with a diminishing of democratic accountability and control of Roma related affairs by state/public institutions and with the devolution of responsibilities to non-governmental and human rights organizations, Roma representatives from public institutions and communities themselves (see also van Baar 2011a).

Whose Rights Are Human Rights? The Gender Gap between Russian Feminist, LGBT, and Human Rights Networks

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-134
Author(s):  
Lisa McIntosh Sundstrom ◽  
Valerie Sperling ◽  
Melike Sayoglu
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Women's Rights ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Human Rights Organizations ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Two Sectors ◽  
Shed Light

Chapter 4 explores the inter-network dynamics between the human rights and women’s rights communities in Russia, and how the uneasy relationship between these two sectors of civil society helps keep Russian women’s sex-based discrimination claims from percolating up to the ECtHR. We draw upon our interviews with feminist activists and human rights activists in Russia to shed light on the experiences of feminist activists within the human rights and international litigation communities in Russia. We find that the separation between women’s rights and traditional human rights networks in Russia has until recently excluded feminist lawyers from learning how to take cases successfully to the ECtHR through legal training. We compare the experiences of feminist activists and the reception of Russian human rights NGOs (nongovernmental organizations) to gender-based claims of human rights violations to the strikingly different experiences of LGBT rights activists who have found common cause with human rights organizations in Russia in trying to contest hate crimes and other rights violations in court.

Promoting Democracy in the Face of Autocracy

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-137
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Herrold
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Human Rights Organizations ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Law ◽  
Egyptian Government

Chapter 5 reviews how President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, following his installation in 2014, quickly moved to consolidate power and repress Egypt’s NGO sector. The chapter describes how in 2017 the Egyptian government ratified an even more oppressive NGO law that further restricted foreign funding, eliminated loopholes for human rights organizations, curtailed permissible activities, and instituted more severe punishments for violating the law. Rather than a transition to democracy, Egypt seemed to have settled into even deeper autocracy, as President Sisi curtailed civil society even more repressively than had Mubarak. Chapter 5 draws on data collected in 2014 and 2017 to show how development NGO and foundation leaders persevered, finding new and creative ways to continue to fight for reform.

Looking for Solidarność in Central Asia: The Role of Human Rights Organizations in Political Change

Slavic Review ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Grodsky
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Resource Dependency ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Human Rights Organizations

According to scholars of resource dependency, foreign funding can weaken rather than strengthen civil society abroad, ultimately impeding its effectiveness. Yet the spate of recent “democratic revolutions” in semiauthoritarian, postcommunist states suggests that pumping foreign money into the nongovernmental sphere can be an effective strategy. In this paper Brian Grodsky argues that a critical factor in assessing the likelihood that a given organizational movement will succumb to the ills of resource dependency is the type of politicization within that movement. Those organizations composed of members primarily motivated by ideology are logically less likely to succumb to resource dependency than those organizations dominated by political aspirants intent on converting democratization into their own political power. Two case studies, communist-era Poland and contemporary Uzbekistan, provide support for this theory.

scholarly journals Public policies of electronic governance and corruption in Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
Martin Cutberto Vera Martinez ◽  
María Concepción Martínez Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Information Transparency ◽  
And Control ◽  
Complementary Actions

This article argues that although the electronic governance has been institutionalized as a public policy that promotes access to information, transparency, and control of public institutions by citizens, that does not necessarily imply that such progress has generated a positive impact in the reduction of corruption and that, consequently, other complementary actions are necessary for the execution of the electronic government public policies.

The Policies and Politics of Control: Countering Argentina's Uniformed and Unemployed Protesters

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah L. Norden
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Democracies ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
Human Rights Organizations ◽  
Opposition Movements ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Unemployed

AbstractLike many new democracies, Argentina has struggled with contentious movements that have challenged its precarious stability. Two very different sectors have led particularly powerful opposition movements: the military—associated historically with the abuse of power—and the unemployed workers, with important support from prestigious human rights organizations. This article looks both at how the political standing of the sector (military versus civil society) influences policy choices and at how these policy choices influence whether opposition movements remain mobilized and contentious. It argues that situation-alleviating policies—those that successfully address interests of the sector as a whole—tend to be more successful in defusing contentious movements than policies relying on coercion, concessions, or co-optation of mobilized opposition groups. Situation alleviation depletes the contentious groups of possible recruits, while policies targeting the mobilized opposition may inadvertently motivate those actors to remain mobilized.

The new rebels

Lovecidal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trinh T. Minh-ha
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Speaking Out ◽  
Public Scrutiny ◽  
And Control ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Chinese Civil Society

This chapter examines not only the unrest in Tibet but also that among China's civil society. It explores social media as a platform for speaking out against the human rights abuses, as well as the limitations of social media given the Chinese government's attempts at censoring these platforms on the matter of Tibet—an act that shares similarities with the U.S. government's own attempts at information surveillance and control as depicted in the previous chapters. The chapter then turns to Chinese civil society at large, as well as the emerging socio-political significance of the legal profession as China's rule of law consistently comes under public scrutiny.

Challenges on the Road to Memory

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
MARIA LAURA GUEMBE
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
The Road ◽  
Human Rights Organizations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
On The Road ◽  
And Diffusion

Abstract Memoria Abierta's work responds to the need for a dialogue in Argentina among human rights organizations, the government, and civil society that will stimulate the formation of a collective memory about the history of State-led terrorism in the country. Processing documents, testimonies, and images related to the history of illegal repression in Argentina (c. 1974–1983), and creating a topographical reconstruction of the locations where State-led terrorism occurred poses diverse ethical, technical, and political problems regarding the recollection, description, transmission, and diffusion of the materials of memory. This article describes some of these challenges and how they affect and are shaped by the work of Memoria Abierta.

Strategies for Survival: Human Rights Organizations’ Responses to the Closing of Political Opportunity Structures in Hungary

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-139
Author(s):  
Márton Gerő ◽  
Pál Susánszky ◽  
Ákos Kopper ◽  
Gergely Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Political Opportunity ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
Political Opportunities ◽  
Human Rights Organizations ◽  
Political Opportunity Structures

In the last decade, there has been a tendency for governments to impose tighter restrictions on civil society organizations, especially those promoting democracy and human rights. In this study, we examine how human rights organizations are responding to the increasingly hostile political environment in Hungary. The expanding limits on civil society organizations is usually discussed within a framework labelled as the closing space for civil society, which emphasizes the legislation and governmental actions directly attacking civil society organizations. Despite the impression that the restrictions threaten the existence of these organizations, a closer examination reveals that well-established organizations are capable of developing coping strategies to survive. To fully understand how these strategies are developed, we need to supplement this framework with the theory of political opportunity structures. This broader theoretical perspective examines the openness of decision-making processes for non-ruling actors and includes the role of perceptions in the examination of reactions to changes in the opportunity structure. As our study shows, perceptions about the social environment have a crucial role in understanding the strategies of human rights organizations. Examining the reactions of ten organizations, primarily using the method of organizational interviews, we show that rather than direct restrictions attacking civil society organizations, the major factor shaping their strategies is the closing of political opportunities. As a consequence of an almost total closure of decision-making mechanisms, they have been changing their activities from focusing on their roles as experts and working with state institutions to emphasizing social embeddedness, community building and raising awareness.

Public policies and programs for the prevention and control of breast cancer in Latinamerican women: a Scoping Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Martín Ramos Herrera Sr ◽  
María Guadalupe Lemus Flores ◽  
Antonio Reyna Sevilla Sr ◽  
Miguel Ernesto González Castañeda ◽  
Fernando Adolfo Torres Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
And Control

BACKGROUND Breast Cancer has positioned itself globally as one of the main public health problems, especially in Latin America and Mexico. In some countries there, several programs for prevention and control are being developed and implemented on a permanent basis, but there is no public report on the policies that originated the programs, their number, type and scope, as well as their impact to address the problem of breast cancer in women. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this scoping review were: 1) identifying which policies and/or programs for the prevention and control of breast cancer in Latin America have been analyzed in the last 20 years, 2) analyzing their type, extension and scope, and 3) describing the reference frameworks on which these policies and/or prevention and control programs of the breast cancer based on. METHODS A scoping review was carried out according to Arksey & O’Malley’s method in six stages: 1) identify research questions, 2) identify relevant studies, 3) study selection, 4) data representation, 5) classification, synthesis and reporting of results, and 6) consultation exercise (optional). The questions that guided this review were: which breast cancer prevention and control policies in Latin America have been analyzed in the international scientific literature?, what is the type, extension and scope of the policies and/or programs in accordance with those reports?, and what is the existing reference framework for policies and/or programs for the prevention and control of breast cancer in women at the national and international level? The search period was 2000-2019 and was carried out in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), MEDLINE (EbscoHost), CINAHL (EbscoHost), Academic Search Complete (EbscoHost), ERIC, ISI Web of Science (Science Citation Index) in english, Cochrane and MEDES-MEDicina in Spanish. Data was analyzed and presented through descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis using the ATLAS.ti software. RESULTS The selected studies identify several Latin American countries that have generated policies/programs to prevent and control breast cancer in women, focused mainly on risk communication, prevention and timely detection, effective access to health services, improving the screening process and evaluation of screening programs. However, it is necessary to establish evaluation criteria and greater active participation of civil society in policies design and programs execution with the inclusion of the population to whom they are directed and the contexts where women reside. This could undoubtedly help eliminate existing barriers. CONCLUSIONS Although there are public policies and action programs for the prevention and control of breast cancer in Latin America, a pending issue is the evaluation of results to analyze the effectiveness and impact of its implementation, given the magnitude of the public health problem it represents and because women and civil society have an important role on its prevention and control. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.2196/12624

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