Use of glass waste as mineral filler in hot mix asphalt

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Saltan ◽  
Betül Öksüz ◽  
Volkan Emre Uz
Keyword(s):  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Crushed Stone ◽  
World Population ◽  
Mineral Filler ◽  
Glass Bottle ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Stone Dust ◽  
Bitumen Content

AbstractThe use of resources is increasing due to continuous increase in world population and rapid industrialization, while natural resources are being exhausted day by day. Usage of waste materials or by-products in highway construction has substantial environmental and economic benefits. In this study, the usage of cullet and waste glass bottle dust as mineral filler material in hot mix asphalt as an alternate to traditional crushed stone dust was investigated. Optimum bitumen content was determined by the Marshall mix design method by using six different bitumen contents (4.0%, 4.5%, 5.0%, 5.5%, 6.0%, and 6.5%). With the optimum bitumen content, three different mineral filler types (cullet, glass bottle waste, and stone dust) and six different filler ratios (4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, and 9%) were used to prepare asphalt mixture samples. Samples were performed using the Marshall stability test, and the results were compared. It is concluded that cullet and glass bottle waste can be used in asphalt mixtures as a mineral filler alternate to crushed stone dust if the economic and environmental factors favor it.

scholarly journals Effect of Partial Replacement of Crushed Stone Dust Filler with Waste Glass Powder in Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete Production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Destaw Kifile ◽  
Emer Quezon ◽  
Abel Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Glass Powder ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Crushed Stone ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Waste Glass Powder ◽  
Stone Dust ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Bitumen Content

The use of waste recycled materials in road construction nowadays considered a positive means of providing improved pavement performance. This research focused on evaluating the effect of waste glass powder as a partial replacement of crushed stone dust filler in hot mix asphalt. Three hot mix asphalt samples produced using crushed stone dust of 5%, 6.5%, and 8% as mineral filler with five different bitumen content of 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, and 6%, respectively. From the preliminary series tests of asphalt contents, a 6.5% crushed stone dust filler selected, providing the highest stability of waste glass powder. The content of crushed stone dust filler replaced with a rate of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% to test Marshal stability to obtain the Optimum bitumen content and Optimum filler content. Results indicated at 75% replacement of crushed stone dust with waste glass powder at 5.10% bitumen content, 12.0kN Marshall stability value, 2.84mm Flow value, 4.0% Air voids, 72.3% VFB, and 2.360g/cm3 Bulk density. Hence, the mixture of 75% waste glass powder by weight of crushed stone dust filler meets the minimum requirements of the Ethiopian Road Authority and Asphalt Institute Specifications.

scholarly journals Coastal Scenic Beauty and Sensitivity at the Balearic Islands, Spain: Implication of Natural and Human Factors

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 456
Author(s):  
Alexis Mooser ◽  
Giorgio Anfuso ◽  
Lluís Gómez-Pujol ◽  
Angela Rizzo ◽  
Allan T. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Human Pressure ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Scenic Beauty

Coastal areas globally are facing a significant range of environmental stresses, enhanced by climate change-related processes and a continuous increase of human activities. The economic benefits of tourism are well-known for coastal regions, but, very often, conflicts arise between short-term benefits and long-term conservation goals. Among beach user preferences, five parameters of greater importance stand out from the rest, i.e., safety, facilities, water quality, litter and scenery; the latter is the main concern of this study. A coastal scenic evaluation was carried out in the Balearic Islands and focused on two major issues: coastal scenic beauty together with sensitivity to natural processes and human pressure. The archipelago is renowned as a top international coastal tourist destination that receives more than 13.5 million visitors (2019). Impressive landscape diversity makes the Balearics Islands an ideal field for this research. In total, 52 sites, respectively located in Ibiza (11), Formentera (5), Mallorca (18) and Menorca (18), were field-tested. In a first step, coastal scenic beauty was quantified using the coastal scenic evaluation system (CSES) method, based on the evaluation of 26 physical and human parameters, and using weighting matrices parameters and fuzzy logic mathematics. An evaluation index (“D”) was obtained for each site, allowing one to classify them in one of the five scenic classes established by the method. Twenty-nine sites were included in class I, corresponding to extremely attractive sites (CSES), which were mainly observed in Menorca. Several sound measures were proposed to maintain and/or enhance sites’ scenic value. In a second step, scenic sensitivity was evaluated using a novel methodological approach that makes possible the assessment of three different coastal scenic sensitivity indexes (CSSI), i.e., the natural sensitivity index NSI, the human sensitivity index HSI and the total sensitivity index TSI. Future climate change trends and projection of tourism development, studied at municipality scale, were considered as correction factors. All the islands showed places highly sensitive to environmental processes, while sensitivity to human pressure was essentially observed at Ibiza and Mallorca. Thereafter, sites were categorized into one of three sensitive groups established by the methodology. Results obtained are useful in pointing out very sensitive sceneries as well as limiting, preventing and/or anticipating future scenic degradation linked to natural and human issues.

scholarly journals Old hypertensive patient: a hard challenge

2013 ◽  
pp. 109-112
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Rossetti ◽  
Diana Solari ◽  
Maria Laura Rainoldi ◽  
Stefano Carugo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
World Population ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Hypertensive Therapy

BACKGROUND High blood pressure is one of the most important cardiovascular risk factor and its incidence is continuously increasing: on 2025 1/3 of adult world population will suffer of it. Moreover, the therapy of elderly hypertension sufferer patient is still growing up in importance for the continuous increase of world population average life. With ageing, the cardiovascular system suffers neurohormonal and haemodinamic modifications which determine the onset of isolate systolic hypertension, which is characteristic of the elderly. This pathology results linked to a higher cardiovascular risk. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to analyze and evaluate present and future therapeutic opportunities about anti-hypertensive therapy in elderly people. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Also in elderly people systolic blood pressure values must be lower than 150 mmHg, but it’s also important to maintain diastolic pressure not under 70 mmHg, to avoid phenomenons of cerebral and coronary hypo-perfusion (J curve). The benefits of an effective anti-hypertensive therapy are achieved thanks to both blood pressure lowering “per se” and to the decrease of cardiovascular mortality and morbility. Blood pressure control in the elderly is a hard challenge for the low compliance to the therapy, for the importance of the comorbidity and for the supplementary risk factors. ESH-ESC 2007 guidelines recommend for elderly highblood pressure sufferer patient the use first of all of calcium-antagonists and thiazides diuretics, and for second line ACE-inhibitors, ARB and beta-blockers. In several patients combinations of two or more drugs are necessary to obtain pressure control.

Rent-seeking and firm value: Chinese evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihai Li ◽  
Huiying Wu ◽  
Xinfeng Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Firm Value ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Corporate Philanthropy ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Weak Institutions ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Government

AbstractWe examine whether engagement in rent-seeking improves firm value in China. Rent-seeking is defined as a firm's use of resources to establish a relationship with the government to obtain government-controlled resources. We incorporate political rents and associated costs into an analytical framework to examine the relationship between rent-seeking and firm value. Using a sample of non-state-owned firms listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange and the Shanghai Stock Exchange from 2007 to 2013, we find evidence of the presence of political rents in the form of government subsidies and evidence of associated costs in the forms of corporate philanthropy and excess management remuneration, which largely explains the insignificant relationship found between rent-seeking and firm value. Our further analysis shows that rent-seeking behavior of firms reduces production efficiency, providing additional evidence to support our thesis that engagement in rent-seeking does not enhance firm value in the Chinese context. In an economy with weak institutions, in particular with weak protection for shareholders, managers and politicians can become rent-seekers and take a considerable share of the economic benefits derived from rent-seeking.

scholarly journals Patients’ experiences of eHealth in palliative care: an integrative review.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Widberg ◽  
Birgitta Wiklund ◽  
Anna Klarare
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
World Population ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Individualized Care ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Health Applications

Abstract Background: With a growing world population, a longer life expectancy, and more deaths due to chronic diseases, the need for palliative care is increasing. E-Health involves the use of information and communication technology to provide care, and also to transmit health information through the Internet and related technologies. E-Health can be an effective way of supporting communication between patient and healthcare providers, but it is unclear to how patients regard information and communication technology (ICT) within palliative careMethods: The aim of this study was to describe patients’ experiences of eHealth in palliative care. An integrative review with a systematic literature search of six databases: Cinahl Complete; MEDLINE with Full Text; PubMed; Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection; Nursing and Allied Health; and PsycINFO generated 12 scientific articles. The articles were evaluated, data extracted, analyzed and synthesized, according to the aim.Results: The results are presented in the main theme: E-health applications – promoting communication on patients’ and families’ terms, and three sub- themes: usability and feasibility of eHealth applications; symptom control and individualized care promoted through eHealth applications; and use of eHealth applications increased sense of security and patient safety. Patients described ease of use, usability and feasibility of eHealth applications. Equal and individualized care, security, better symptom management, participation through increased accessibility and increased patient safety were described.Conclusions: E-Health applications promoted equal, individualized care, and may be a tool to promote accessibility and patient participation in palliative care settings. Furthermore, care transparency increased with eHealth communication when patients and families received more information, and experiences were that patient safety and feelings of security also were promoted. At organizational and societal levels, eHealth may contribute to sustainable development and more efficient use of resources in palliative care.

Performance and Evaluation of Hot Mix Asphalt with an Addition of Lime Kiln Dust as a Mineral Filler Based on Western Australia Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 934 ◽  
pp. 212-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peerapong Jitsangiam ◽  
Hamid Nikraz ◽  
Korakod Nusit
Keyword(s):  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Mineral Filler ◽  
Lime Kiln ◽  
Performance And Evaluation ◽  
Kiln Dust ◽  
Lime Kiln Dust

This study demonstrates an assessment into the different effects of lime as a mineral filler for use in densely graded hot mix asphalt (HMA). Five percent by mass of hydrated lime and lime kiln dust (LKD) were added to an asphalt mixture as its mineral filler. A series of laboratory tests to evaluate stability and flow, resilient modulus and tensile stripping ratio with reference to a control mix (a commonly used HMA) were performed. The test results showed that mixing hydrated lime into a HMA mix could enhance superior performance of hydrated lime-HMA test samples for all tests, demonstrating no moisture susceptibility. Test samples of HMA with LKD also demonstrated moisture resistance and can offer a sustainable alternative to hydrated lime, yielding one quarter of the cost. The control mix proved to be an inadequate choice upon failing the stripping potential test and therefore deemed to be susceptible to moisture.

Experimental Research on Profile Control Technology Using Sewage Flowed Back from Injecting-Polymer Wells

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 2112-2116
Author(s):  
Zhi Feng Cai ◽  
Guang Sheng Cao ◽  
Shao Wei Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Profile Control ◽  
Ph Modifier ◽  
Gelling Time

With the amount of injecting-polymer wells in Xingnan SS block of Daqing Oilfield increasing gradually, a lot of problems, such as the treatment and use of sewage flowed back from injecting-polymer wells, need to be solved. The concentrations of gelling agent, cross-linking agent, and regulators have been optimized by measuring gelling strength and gelling time. The additives about pH modifier and deoxidizer have been selected. As a result, the formula system of profile control using sewage flowed back from injecting-polymer wells has been formed, realizing reuse of sewage, reaching the goal of improving oil recovery. The research in this paper not only solves the problem of re-injecting sewage flowed back from injecting-polymer wells, making full use of resources, but saves costs, improving economic benefits.

scholarly journals Significance of Fines in Hot Mix Asphalt Synthesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-42
Author(s):  
Elvira Kalaitzaki ◽  
George Kollaros ◽  
Antonia Athanasopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Mineral Filler ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Particle Contact ◽  
A Value ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
And Performance

Abstract According to their size, aggregates are classified in coarse grained, fine grained, and fines. The determination of fines content in aggregate materials is very simple and is performed through the aggregate washing during the sieving procedure to define the gradation curve. The very fine material consists of grains having a size lower than 63 μm. The presence of fines directly influences the composition and performance of concrete and asphalt mixtures (e.g. asphalt content, elasticity, fracture). The strength and load carrying capacity of hot mix asphalt (HMA) results from the aggregate framework created through particle-particle contact and interlock. Fines or mineral filler have a role in HMA. The coarse aggregate framework is filled by the sand-sized material and finally by the mineral filler. At some point, the smallest particles lose contact becoming suspended in the binder not having the particle-particle contact that is created by the larger particles. The overall effect of mineral filler in hot mix asphalt specimens has been investigated through a series of laboratory tests. It is clear that a behaviour influenced by the adherence of fines to asphalt film has been developed. The optimum bitumen content requirement in case of stone filler is almost the same as that for fly ash. It has been found that the percentage of fly ash filler is crucial if it exceeds approximately a value of 4%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document