scholarly journals TERRITORIAL TRANSFER OF KNOWLEDGE IN TERMS OF CREATIVE DESTRUCTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-287
Author(s):  
Robert Ciborowski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Price Competition ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Creative Destruction ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Business Entities

Abstract ‘Creative destruction’ is one of the most important analytical tools, taking into consideration both the economic and sociological characteristics of capitalist society. According to Schumpeter, in the long term, evolution gives rise to economic development resulting from batches of innovative solutions, leading to improvements in the standard of living. The innovation activity of firms is based on supply-side factors, hence it is large enterprises that excel in innovation since they strive to achieve a monopoly market position and above-average profits. Schumpeter attempts to combine two elements: the spread of monopolies and the continuation of economic development, both occurring through innovation, which is far more important than price competition. The Schumpeterian ‘creative destruction’ permeates the main aspects of macroeconomic activity, not only in the long term, but also in the area of economic fluctuations, structural changes, or the functioning of markets. As a result, it becomes a factor determining changes in the economic order. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the role of territories in the process of creating and using knowledge and its impact on the economic efficiency of the companies which function within their boundaries. Regional cooperation increases the involvement of business entities in innovation activities, which translates into higher competitiveness of firms. Moreover, the awareness of the necessity of cooperation and use of innovation capital tends to grow.

scholarly journals Learning-by-export effects in the russian software industry

2018 ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
E. O. Bozheva
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
New Products ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
The Impact

Learning-by-export effects exist due to the nature of the creation, accumulation, transfer of knowledge, as well as the companies’ absorption capacity to accumulate and adapt the best experience, competences borrowed from abroadwithin the organization. The length and direction of exports have a significant impact on the innovation activities of organizations, while innovations do not always encourage the leaders to initiate export activities. In the course of empirical research, we have identified the following rules in relation to Russian IT-firms:1) New IT-exporters have no visible link between the introduction of new products, technologies and the start of exports. Investments in research and development, which may have been initiated after entering foreign markets or at the same time, have not yet yielded results. 2) Stable export activity encourages IT-companies to apply new technological, process and marketing innovations that were not previously part of the firm's plans, much more often than firms in the local market. 3) The impact of external knowledge effects on the productivity of IT-companies depends on the geographical direction of exports: a) the markets of the near abroad (CIS countries) and Russia itself;b) the markets of the far abroad. 4) Investments in R&D, marketing and production of new products are more typical for companies located in capitals (Moscow and Saint-Petersburg). On the contrary, the relationship between the presence of an international office and the introduction of innovations has not been proven. The size of companies has only affected the production of new technologies: if a company is a medium-sized enterprise or a larger one, the probability of innovation is increased by 22%. 5) The smaller the firm, the lower its desire to participate in extensive innovation networks, increase the number and diversity of external relations. The size of the company determines the level of influence of cooperation with other market participants on its internal innovation processThe article discusses the classification of knowledge spillover effects, the methodology of the study, the analysis of the economic impact of the process "flow" as a result of entering foreign markets. The paper’s emphasis is on assessment of recipients’ capabilities to accumulate new knowledge in the course of export activities, to extract advantages in terms of future development such as increasing innovation activity and, consequently, attractiveness, resulting in higher performance efficiency.

Managing the refugee crises in South Asia: The role of SAARC

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-219
Author(s):  
Zahid Shahab Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
History Of

South Asia is home to roughly three million refugees and their long-term presence brings enormous challenges. South Asia’s history of colonialism, low economic development, and intra- and inter-state conflicts have contributed to the large-scale refugee movement and the lack of capacity to address the problem. This article examines the history, current activity and potential for regional cooperation in South Asia to address the issue. The article focuses particularly on the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, the structure and culture of the organization and the likelihood of it addressing the politically complex issue of forced migration.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENT AND INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF KHARKIV REGION ENTERPRISES

2017 ◽  
pp. 239-245
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Matrosova ◽  
Oleksandr Matrosov ◽  
Pylyp Dourtmes
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Investment Model ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Business Entities

Introduction. Investment and innovation activities can provide not only the functioning and growth, but also the development of business entities that are in line with the Strategy of Ukraine 2020 and adopted for implementation of the innovation and investment model of economic development. Management decisions as for the increase of the rate of investment and innovation activity are indicated in the program document "Ukraine 2030.doctrine of balanced development". It is advisable to make such decisions on the basis of a timely and reliable assessment of the state and results. Purpose. The article aims to identify the main trends and peculiarities of the course of investment and innovation activity in the external and internal environment of industrial enterprises. Method (methodology). The investment and innovation activity of industrial enterprises depends on a large number of factors, both internal and external. Factors of the external environment are such that practically do not depend on the enterprise and its influence on them is minimal. The factors of the internal environment directly depend on the activity, organizational structure of the enterprise, etc. In the economic literature you can find a significant number of classifications of factors that affect the investment and innovation activities of the enterprise. It has been carried out the analysis of sources of financing of innovations, the share of financing of capital investments at the expense of own funds of the enterprise in the total amount of sources of financing and at the expense of depreciation deductions of the enterprise; indicators of product updates. The specific weight of investments in innovation in total capital, in equity, has been determined; the share of research and development expenditures in the total amount of expenses for innovation, expenses for machinery, equipment and software, connected with the introduction of innovations in the total amount of expenses for innovation; the share of own and budgetary investments in technological innovations in the total amount of expenses for innovation; the share of investments of domestic and foreign investors in the total amount of expenses for innovation. Results. The main tendencies and features of the course of investment and innovation activity in the internal environment of industrial enterprises have been revealed. The obtained values of the indicators reflecting the peculiarities of the course of investment and innovation activity of enterprises have proven that the general tendency of investment and innovation activity for all analysed enterprises emphasizes the insufficient attention to the results of investment and innovation activities that impede their development and competitive opportunities. SWOT-analysis of investment and innovation activity of regional industrial enterprises at the microeconomic level has been conducted. The main disadvantages have been determined. They are the out-dated fixed assets, lack of certainty of the company regarding long-term benchmarks and strategies for its development, lack of own funds required for innovation-oriented investment projects at enterprises, low level of solvency of enterprises, lack of competence of specialists for successful investment and innovation activities.

scholarly journals When is the Spirit of Capitalism Effective for Economic Development?

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Shiro Kuwahara
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Creative Destruction ◽  
Asset Accumulation ◽  
Ramsey Model ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Spirit Of Capitalism

By incorporating endogenous innovation and wealth preference into the growth model, this paper aims to combine two important factors of economic development — “creative destruction,” as emphasized by Schumpeter (1912) and modelized by Aghion and Howitt (1992), and the “spirit of capitalism,” proposed by Weber (1905). Zou (1994) introduced this “spirit of capitalism” into the modern growth analysis by reinterpreting the Kurz (1968) model, wherein a preference on asset accumulation is introduced into the Ramsey model. By uniting these two factors, we obtain the result that this preference basically stimulates the long-term growth rate, and that it is effective when the economy has a too low innovation efficiency. However, the effect is small for an economy with a sufficiently high innovation efficiency.

scholarly journals Managing Innovation Resources in Accordance with Sustainable Development Ethics: Typological Analysis

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljovkina ◽  
Dusseault ◽  
Zaharova ◽  
Klochkov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Development Ethics ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Managing Innovation ◽  
Innovation Support ◽  
Innovation Policies

The regional development path depends on managing innovation resources. However, increasing the quantity of innovation activity and managing innovation resources only by financial indicators does not guarantee progress in sustainable development. This paper argues that basic conditions for effective sustainability-oriented innovation activities are: (1) the accordance of relevant activities with sustainable development ethics and (2) their marked focus on systemic and long-term sustainable development targets. These parameters can be considered fundamental principles for designing and developing effective sustainability-oriented innovation systems and innovation policies. Analysis of the two basic principles precedes estimation of the effectiveness of innovation activities, innovation systems, or innovation policies. In this paper, a special typological analysis technique was applied to assess basic conditions for the effectiveness of sustainability-oriented innovation activities observed in the case of the Tyumen region, Russia. It was found that since 2009 the Tyumen regional innovation support system has not been conceptually designed in accordance with sustainable development ethics or considering a long-term vision. Therefore, the projects themselves afford only temporary solutions to regional problems by implementing innovations that mainly have short-term and mid-term social–economic effects. As a result of the analysis of fundamental conditions for sustainability-oriented innovation activities in Tyumen region, this paper proposes recommendations on necessary measures for redesigning decision-making principles of regional innovation support systems in order to significantly increase the potential impact on the development of a truly sustainable regional economy.

scholarly journals IMPROVING THE MECHANISM OF STATE REGULATION OF INNOVATION ACTIVITIES IN TURKESTAN REGION

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (388) ◽  
pp. 145-153
Author(s):  
Kokenova A.T., ◽  
◽  
Maulenkulovа G.E., ◽  
Samenova N., ◽  
Turdalieva U., ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Innovation Activities

The importance of innovation in ensuring the development of a modern economy has been recognized in Kazakhstan not only in the works of specialists, but also in the position stated by the state. However, from understanding the importance of innovation in the context of economic development to understanding its real significance in the economic development of the country, and even more so - to develop an effective policy that ensures the active use of innovation to ensure economic and social progress, a very difficult path runs. Regulation of innovation in a modern market economy is a complex system of state, public and corporate institutions that serve and regulate innovation processes in order to ensure the fullest use of their potential. A set of institutions and organizations that cover all stages and areas of the innovation process, and currently forms a national innovation system in developed market economies. The trend of transition to an innovative way of development and the formation of a national innovation system is currently an important direction in economic science. This makes it particularly important to theoretically understand the essence of the innovation process in the economy and ways to improve the effectiveness of state regulation of innovation. Thus, the development of a mechanism for activating innovation activities within the framework of the state regulation system is one of the most acute socio-economic problems. The obvious relevance, great practical significance and lack of development of the indicated problem led to the choice of the topic of the dissertation research, its goals and objectives. In the scientific article, the conditions for effective innovation activity of economic entities are identified and based on them, recommendations are developed to improve the mechanism for increasing innovation activity within the system of state regulation of innovation activity of the Kazakh economy.

scholarly journals The Economy of Self-Declared Kosovo

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
E. Arlyapova ◽  
E. Ponomareva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Public Rhetoric ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Almost All

Received 30.10.2020. Intensification of the final resolving processes over the Kosovo issue made it necessary to pay closer attention to social and economic features of the self-declared polity, which are often underestimated losing scores in favor of political, not economical, agenda. With emphasis on the most recent data (2015–2020), Kosovo official statistics, international and local organizations, mass media materials, with high involvement of interviews and surveys conducted during working trips to the Balkan region, and long-term observations, this paper is urged to remove this gap and to answer the question of economic independence and viability, directly concerned with the fundamental matter of sovereignty. Despite the thesis on favorable starting conditions in a form of abundance of various natural resources and ready-made industrial base, widely used in public rhetoric during separatist movement, the words have mostly remained just words – no significant structural changes have taken place in Kosovo’s economy since its self-declared independence in 2008. Reports reflect some increase of economic activity since 2015, but in almost all key directions – administrative reform, fundamental rights, fight against corruption and organized crime, regional cooperation development, etc. – there has been a very little progress up to date. Huge informal sector, desperate situation with youth’s unemployment, gender disproportion in the labor and legal fields – these are among the strongest economic challenges and the highest barriers for Kosovo on its way to European integration. In recent years, local economy drivers were state investments into infrastructure and private consumption, which is still mostly based on large transactions from abroad, together with increasing salary rates and lending. Economic diversification goes slowly. Base metals and mineral products dominate – same as during previous years – in regional export of goods, providing slightly less than a half of its entire volume. Excessive reliance on import is another feature of economic development in contemporary Kosovo. List of services and goods providers remains stable for the past decade, led by Germany and Italy, with growing influence of China and Turkey. Some improvement of business climate co-exists with essential economic problems. Kosovo’s economy still highly depends on external incomes and internal trade sector. Local educational system does not match local labor market needs. Financial discipline, efficient distribution of resources, optimization of sectoral interaction, fight against corruption and crime – these tasks remain the ones of high priority and are still in the current economic agenda today, like they were five and 10 years ago. Kosovo’s real investment attractiveness is in question; however, much work has been done in the legal field to speed up and secure the fundraising process. Unresolved problems of property rights and lack of political will to handle these issues hurt investment perspectives and slow down economic development. COVID‑2019 brings additional damage to Kosovo’s economy, but its overall results are to be yet evaluated.

scholarly journals Domestic innovation activities and economic development in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. First
Author(s):  
Minh Hoàng Nguyễn
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
World Bank ◽  
World Intellectual Property Organization ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
The World ◽  
Blood Source ◽  
The Relationship

In 1986, it marked the renovation path, changing mechanisms and policies in all aspects, including Vietnam's economy. Since then, Vietnam's economy has grown rapidly with the contribution of the private sector, which was explained through Schumpeter's theory, and innovation was considered as the blood source for the nation's existence and development. The paper aims to explore the relationship between domestic innovation activities and economic development in Vietnam during 1988-2018. Data in the study were collected from the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), the World Bank (World Bank). This study used the Vector Autoregression Model (VAR) to analyze the relationship between domestic innovation activities and economic development. The research results show that Vietnam's domestic innovation activity is still limited, and has a twoway relationship between domestic innovation activities and economic development in Vietnam. Based on the research results, Vietnam needs to have an appropriate policy for economic development, especially focusing on renovating mechanisms and policies to create conditions for the private sector to strengthen its innovation to develop thereby contributing to Vietnam's economic development.

The Italian Doctrine Economia Aziendale and the Primary Interest of the Organizations

2017 ◽  
pp. 49-74
Author(s):  
Emiliano Di Carlo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Primary Interest ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Sustainable Value ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Business Entities

The aim of this chapter is to enter into the debate on the objective of the firm and more in general of the organizations, in order to discuss the contribution that the Italian doctrine Economia Aziendale (EA) can give to this debate and to the sustainable economic development. To this end, it is pro-posed the concept of primary interest of the organizations, the aziende according to the EA (i.e., business entities, public administrations and non-profit organizations), which is to satisfy human needs through the production of useful goods and services (the objective of the azienda) ensuring a sustainable value creation in the short and long term (the condition for the survival and growth of the azienda). For business entities, the primary interest supports the so called ‘integration thesis' according to which business and ethics can be achieved together, since the profit is considered as a condition that allows the survival and growth of the firm favouring all stakeholders and the community.

An Empirical Analysis of Growth and Structure of Service Sector in India

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suparn K. Sharma ◽  
Jyoti Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
The World ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Two Sectors

Economic development has been associated with structural changes in the national economies. On the path of its economic development, India has reached a level where there is predominance of service sector and it has become the mainstay of the growth process especially over the last ten years. Uniqueness and sudden growthpattern of service sector of India needs to be recognised, understood and analysed with its implications for long term development strategy and policy. It is against this backdrop, that the present study has been designed. It is an attempt to study the trends and implications of sectoral growth with special reference to service sector in India. The analysis brings out the fact that in comparison to the world scenario, growth of service sector in India is not so pronounced. The study has found that except for the service sector hardly any significant change can be identified in the growth performances of the other two sectors in the post-reforms period. A striking feature of India's development is that growth in Indian service sector is not accompanied by additional employment opportunities, which have brought structural imbalances. The results reveal trade hotel, transport and communication as one of the most contributing sector of service sector to GDP. The study emphasised that the services sector is one of the areas, where India needs to focus on sharply to increase its share in the global services trade. However, it is imperative that the industrial and agricultural sectors also grow rapidly but unfortunately till now; the relatively jobless nature of growth in India's services sector underscores this need.

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