The Use of Dishwashers in Commercial Enterprises – An Initial Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-186
Author(s):  
Svenja Kerschgens ◽  
Britta von Esmarch-Rummler ◽  
Rainer Stamminger
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
High Water ◽  
User Behaviour ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Initial Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Data ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The requirements for commercial dishwashers differ fundamentally from those for domestic dishwashers. For commercial dishwashers, capacity and programme duration are the main factors. Accordingly, different designs are offered for the different types of requirement. Comprehensive data on the usage behaviour of commercial dishwashers is scarcely available. Within the framework of face-to-face interviews, 200 companies in Germany and Denmark were visited to record their user behaviour. With the help of the data obtained, not only errors in the usage behaviour were found, but also indications of unnecessarily high water and energy consumption, which, inter alia, lead to increased costs for the companies. The results show that manual pre-rinsing in particular leads to increased water consumption. Furthermore, the dishwashers are only partially loaded, which leads to more wash cycles than necessary. In order to ensure the optimal utilisation and correct user behaviour of commercial dishwashers, while simultaneously reducing the impact on the environment, there is an urgent need to educate users better on how to use them correctly.

On the impact of user behaviour on heating energy consumption and indoor temperature in residential buildings

2021 ◽  
pp. 111657
Author(s):  
Marina Laskari ◽  
Rosa-Francesca de Masi ◽  
Stavroula Karatasou ◽  
Mat Santamouris ◽  
Margarita-Niki Assimakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
User Behaviour ◽  
Heating Energy Consumption ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Water consumption from hydropower plants – review of published estimates and an assessment of the concept

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3983-4000 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Bakken ◽  
Å. Killingtveit ◽  
K. Engeland ◽  
K. Alfredsen ◽  
A. Harby
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Power Production ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Natural Lakes ◽  
Hydropower Plants ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Since the report from IPCC on renewable energy (IPCC, 2012) was published; more studies on water consumption from hydropower have become available. The newly published studies do not, however, contribute to a more consistent picture on what the "true" water consumption from hydropower plants is. The dominant calculation method is the gross evaporation from the reservoirs divided by the annual power production, which appears to be an over-simplistic calculation method that possibly produces a biased picture of the water consumption of hydropower plants. This review paper shows that the water footprint of hydropower is used synonymously with water consumption, based on gross evaporation rates. This paper also documents and discusses several methodological problems when applying this simplified approach (gross evaporation divided by annual power production) for the estimation of water consumption from hydropower projects. A number of short-comings are identified, including the lack of clarity regarding the setting of proper system boundaries in space and time. The methodology of attributing the water losses to the various uses in multi-purpose reservoirs is not developed. Furthermore, a correct and fair methodology for handling water consumption in reservoirs based on natural lakes is needed, as it appears meaningless that all the evaporation losses from a close-to-natural lake should be attributed to the hydropower production. It also appears problematic that the concept is not related to the impact the water consumption will have on the local water resources, as high water consumption values might not be problematic per se. Finally, it appears to be a paradox that a reservoir might be accorded a very high water consumption/footprint and still be the most feasible measure to improve the availability of water in a region. We argue that reservoirs are not always the problem; rather they may contribute to the solution of the problems of water scarcity. The authors consider that an improved conceptual framework is needed in order to calculate the water footprint from hydropower projects in a more reasonable way.

scholarly journals Examining the Industrial Energy Consumption Determinants: A Panel Bayesian Model Averaging Approach

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Djula Borozan ◽  
Luka Borozan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Industrial Energy ◽  
Framework Conditions ◽  
Industrial Energy Consumption ◽  
The Impact

The paper explores the impact of early stage and established entrepreneurs on industrial energy consumption across European countries for the period 2001–2017. It proposes that industrial energy consumption is a complex multifaceted result of value-added activities conducted by different types of entrepreneurs and the quality of macroeconomic and entrepreneurial framework conditions, which support or hinder entrepreneurial activity and consequently energy use. After selecting the most appropriate model using a panel Bayesian averaging model approach, a fixed effects panel regression analysis was conducted to investigate more deeply the impact of different types of entrepreneurs on industrial energy consumption. The results show that early stage and established entrepreneurs exhibit different behavioral patterns with respect to energy use. The former follows, although statistically insignificantly, a U-shaped energy use curve. By contrast, the latter follows statistically significantly an inverted U-shaped curve. Additionally, the results confirm the important role of the governments and other policy authorities in creating favorable framework conditions, which can support the changes in behavioral energy practices and the development of new or established businesses aiming for sustainability.

Climate Change and Environmental Awareness: a Study of Energy Consumption among the Residents of Abu Dhabi, UAE

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 564-582
Author(s):  
Latifa Saeed Al Blooshi ◽  
Taoufik Saleh Ksiksi ◽  
Ali Soliman Gargoum ◽  
Mohammed Aboelenein
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Al Ain ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The rising levels of greenhouse gases (GHG) have caused great concern about the impact of climate change on almost every aspect of our lives. Urban expansion and changing lifestyles have led to an increase in energy consumption. The main aim of this empirical study is to explore the environmental and socioeconomic impact of climate change on the energy consumption of a stratified random sample of the residents of three main regions in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi (Abu Dhabi city, Al-Ain city and AlDhafra) and to investigate residents’ awareness of this change. Data was gathered from 321 residents from these three regions. The response rate for the survey was 97 percent. Descriptive statistical methods and nonparametric tests were used to compare quantitative data at different levels of the sociodemographic variables. The findings revealed that more than 50 percent of the participants agreed that climate change is controlling their energy and water consumption. About 94 percent of participants believe that their energy consumption is increasing, while 44 percent of the sample spent 30 percent more money on water and electricity bills in the past 20 years. About 50 percent of participants consider moving to another city if energy prices increased due to energy consumption and the effects of climate change. Respondents over age of 40 tend to be more conscious and aware of climate change. Eighty-eight percent of the Emiratis believe that weather and climate change are affecting their energy and water consumption.

Entrapment and Terrorism on the Left

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse J. Norris
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Domestic Terrorism ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Initial Analysis ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Undercover Agent ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Main Factors

Previous literature has analyzed entrapment in post-9/11 jihadi terrorism cases, but has neglected similarly compelling entrapment claims among left-wing terrorism defendants. The Article bridges this gap through an in-depth analysis of the four post-9/11 left-wing terrorism cases involving an informant or undercover agent. Based on a review of these cases, the Article concludes that at least three of the four cases had strong entrapment claims, and that realistically, none of the defendants in the four cases would have committed any terrorist offense without government prompting. A comparative analysis of different types of domestic terrorism finds broad similarities in the characteristics of entrapment claims in jihadi, left-wing, and right-wing terrorism cases. However, jihadi entrapment cases are far more numerous, left-wing and jihadi entrapment claims are considerably stronger and more prevalent than right-wing claims, and left-wing terrorism cases feature certain informant tactics rarely if ever found in other cases. The Article situates the left-wing entrapment claims in the context of wider government attempts to target left-wing activists, and provides an initial analysis of the main factors leading to questionable sting operations in left-wing terrorism cases.

scholarly journals Application of Regression Models on Panel Data in the Regional Analysis of Water Consumption

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
А. М. Yerina ◽  
M. P. Ukrainets
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
High Water ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Water Intensity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Production Facilities

Water is a core component of the nature environment. The problem of good quality water supply to the humans has been aggravating because the available resources of fresh water in some regions of the planet proved to be insufficient for satisfying all the consumer needs. Lack of fresh water has been a structural factor affecting the global economic development, with drinking water acquiring the characteristics of a strategic commodity. These circumstances raise the importance of solutions on saving fresh water resources and ways of their rational use from the local level to the global one. The article contains a description of the current situation with water supply and water consumption in Ukraine. As regards water supply, Ukraine, according to the hydrological classification, is undergoing water stress, in parallel with extra water consumption and high water intensity in the domestic production sector. The subject of the study is water intensity of the gross domestic product, its main factors and ways of reduction. The object of the study is seven Ukrainian regions across which the river Dnieper flows, and the city of Kyiv. A significant variation of water intensity is observed in administrative and territorial units located in the Dnieper basin, which is caused by the varying industrial capacities, varying systems of technical water supply at industrial enterprises, and varying scopes of fresh water use in water supply for agricultural and utility needs, lack of advanced systems for water supply in some of the regions, which causes large losses of water and high water intensity in some production facilities. The impact from the above mentioned factors on the regional water intensity is assessed by the regression model on panel data. The specific conditions of the business operation in some regions of the Dnieper basin are represented in the model by dummy variables. By the model of water intensity of GDP, the largest one is the impact from industrial specialization of a region (especially Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhzhia, Kyiv and Kherson regions), the existence of water recycling systems at industrial enterprises, scopes of water drainage and capacities of sewage treatment plants. Effective use, rehabilitation and protection of water resources, improvement of water quality, and reduction of water intensity in the production facilities through taking technological and economic measures in water consumption are considered as important factors of the national security. 

scholarly journals Haemodialysis therapy and sustainable growth: a corporate experience in France

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2154-2160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Bendine ◽  
Fabien Autin ◽  
Bruno Fabre ◽  
Olivier Bardin ◽  
François Rabasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
High Water ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
Dialysis Unit ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Sustainable growth and environmental issues are currently a topic for all human activities, and dialysis represents a real challenge in this field because of high water and power consumption and the production of large amounts of care-related waste. In this article we describe data collection implemented in the NephroCare centres in France and the changes observed during a 13-year period regarding environmental parameters. Methods Monthly data collection (eco-reporting) was implemented in NephroCare centres in France in 2005. It covers three topics designed as key performance indicators (KPIs): electricity and water consumption and care-related waste production expressed, respectively, as kilowatt-hour (kWh), litres (L) and kilograms per session. We report on the three action plans (2005–10, 2011–14 and 2015–18) and changes observed during this 13-year period. Results During the period, power and water consumption declined by 29.6% (from 23.1 to 16.26 kWh/session) and 52% (from 801 to 382 L/session), respectively. At the same time, the yearly number of dialysis sessions has increased from 169 335 to 399 336. The sources of savings came both from improvements in the dialysis technology (dialysis machines and water treatment systems) and from updating and remodelling of the dialysis unit equipment and buildings. The care-related waste decreased from 1.8 to 1.1 kg because of regular staff training and the retrofiltration system, allowing the voiding of the remaining saline solution after dialysis. These savings have been estimated as equivalent to 102 440 tons of carbon dioxide. Discussion Implementation of KPIs and their regular monitoring by trained staff to evaluate water and power consumption and the reduction of care-related water production are essential to implement actions to reduce the impact of dialysis on the environment. These data show the importance of water treatment and dialysis technology to decrease water and power consumption and the production of care-related waste as well as upgrading or remodelling of buildings housing dialysis units. Other measures are discussed, including the reuse of rejected water by reverse osmosis, as well as behavioural changes that are needed to reach sustainable development of dialysis. Conclusion The first step to reach ‘green’ dialysis is to collect precise information from defined KPIs. This is the only way to design action plans to reduce the impact of dialysis therapy on the environment. Beyond this, the nephrology community must be sensitized to this challenge to be proactive and to anticipate future regulations.

The Scientific Development of Buildings Industry Based on Life Cycle Cost Theory

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 3938-3942
Author(s):  
Tie Bang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Cost Management ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

Buildings industry consume a great deal of energy and also have great influence to environment during the life cycle. So it is essential to carry out the scientific development as soon as possible. First, This paper makes an analysis of the factors that influence the scientific development from the perspective of life cycle of building. These factors include the type of buildings, energy consumption, water consumption, the impact on environment. the remove and disposal of waste buildings and so on. Second, it sets forth the significance of implementation of life cycle cost theory to the scientific development of buildings industry and how to boost the scientific development of buildings by means of life cycle cost management. At last, the paper also makes an analysis of the status in quo of life cycle cost theory and the scientific development of buildings. It gives some advices on the scientific development of buildings industry.

scholarly journals Analysis of the impact of tourism flows on environmental degradation. Case study: Municipality of Naxos & Small Cyclades, Greece

2021 ◽  
Vol 899 (1) ◽  
pp. 012051
Author(s):  
A Verikokkou ◽  
D Kaika ◽  
C Milioti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tourism Flows

Abstract From the 19th century until nowadays, tourism is an enormously evolving activity. In recent years, tourism has become the main economic activity in Greece that boosts the local economy of the country. The present study deals with the environmental impacts of tourism. The aim is to delve the correlation between tourism flows and environmental degradation, especially in the Municipality of Naxos & Small Cyclades in Greece which in recent years has become an attractive tourist destination. For the purpose of the study, appropriate monthly data on environmental degradation are collected and are correlated with monthly flows of tourism during the last years for the Municipality of Naxos & Small Cyclades. The collected data refer to the number of visitors (by plane and ship), their overnight stays in tourist accommodations, waste production, energy consumption, water consumption and quality of sea water for swimming. According to results, during the period of increased tourism flows in the Municipality of Naxos & Small Cyclades (almost triple the permanent population of the Municipality), indices of burden such as energy consumption and production, water consumption and amount of waste generated, are increasing. Also, the quality of sea water for swimming is marginally burdened.

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