scholarly journals Analytical Evaluation of the Hadron Number in Extensive Air Showers for Rising Inelasticity

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1172-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiben Sidhanta ◽  
Rajkumar Roychoudhury
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Analytical Evaluation ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Air Shower

A purely analytical method is presented in this paper for evaluating the average number of hadrons (in an air shower) with a given energy as the inelasticity of the cross-section rises. Our result is found to be in excellent agreement with numerical solutions and also with experimental data, particularly in the high energy range.

SIMULATIONS OF EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWERS TRIGGERED BY PROTON, IRON AND GAMMA PRIMARIES

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (29) ◽  
pp. 6814-6816
Author(s):  
A. GERANIOS ◽  
E. FOKITIS ◽  
S. MALTEZOS ◽  
K. PATRINOS ◽  
A. DIMOPOULOS
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
Air Shower

Using the AIRES code, we have generated a large number of Extensive Air Showers corresponding to Ultra high energy cosmic ray gammas, protons and iron nuclei with energy range 1015 – 1022 eV. These simulations clearly show the different atmospheric depths of the Extensive Air Shower maxima in this energy range.

scholarly journals Test of the hadronic interaction models SIBYLL2.3, EPOS-LHC and QGSJETII- 04 with Tibet EAS core data

2019 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 08013
Author(s):  
M. Amenomori ◽  
X. J. Bi ◽  
D. Chen ◽  
T. L. Chen ◽  
W. Y. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Energy Region ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Forward Region ◽  
Hadronic Interaction ◽  
Interaction Models ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Shower Array

A hybrid experiment has been started by the ASγ experiment at Yangbajing (4300m a.s.l.) in Tibet since May 2009, that consists of a high-energy air-shower-core array (YAC-I) and a high-density air-shower array (Tibet-III). In this paper, we report our results to check the hadronic interaction models SIBYLL2.3, SIBYLL2.1, EPOS-LHC and QGSJETII-04 in the multi-tens TeV energy region using YAC-I+Tibet-III experimental data from May 2009 through January 2010. The effective live time is calculated as 106.05 days. The results show that the description of transverse momentum, inelastic cross-section and inelasticity for the 4 hadronic interaction models is consistent with YAC-I experimental data within 15% systematic errors range in the forward region below 100 TeV. Among them, the EPOS-LHC model is the best hadronic interaction model. Furthermore, we find that the H4a composition model is the best one below the 100 TeV energy region.

scholarly journals Hadronic interaction studied by TA

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Takashi Sako
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Hadronic Interaction ◽  
Telescope Array ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Hybrid Data

Two studies by the Telescope Array group related to the hadronic interaction observed with Extensive Air Showers are reviewed. (1) Inelastic p-air cross section $ \sigma _{p - air}^{inel} = 567.0 \pm 70.5\,[{\rm{stat]}}_{ - 25}^{ + 29} [{\rm{sys}}]\,{\rm{mb}} $ and total p-p cross section $ \sigma _{p - p}^{tot} = 170_{ - 44}^{ + 48} [{\rm{stat}}]_{ - 17}^{ + 19} [{\rm{sys}}]\,{\rm{mb}} $ were determined using the 5 years of TA hybrid data with one of the 3 FD stations. These results at the highest energy $ \sqrt {S_{NN} } = 95\,{\rm{TeV}} $ showed good agreements with the extrapolation from the previous measurements and model predictions. (2) The signal sizes of SD were compared between data and MC using 7 years of TA SD data in the energy range from 1018.8 eV to 1019.2 eV. It was found that the data/MC ratios exceed unity and the deviation becomes larger when the expected fraction of muon signal, defined as muon purity P, is higher. The results support the muon excess (with respect to MC) problem reported by the previous observations.

scholarly journals Direct measurement of the muonic content of extensive air showers between $$\mathbf { 2\times 10^{17}}$$ and $$\mathbf {2\times 10^{18}}~$$eV at the Pierre Auger Observatory

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aab ◽  
◽  
P. Abreu ◽  
M. Aglietta ◽  
J. M. Albury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Measurement ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Pierre Auger Observatory ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Attenuation Corrected

Abstract The hybrid design of the Pierre Auger Observatory allows for the measurement of the properties of extensive air showers initiated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays with unprecedented precision. By using an array of prototype underground muon detectors, we have performed the first direct measurement, by the Auger Collaboration, of the muon content of air showers between $$2\times 10^{17}$$2×1017 and $$2\times 10^{18}$$2×1018 eV. We have studied the energy evolution of the attenuation-corrected muon density, and compared it to predictions from air shower simulations. The observed densities are found to be larger than those predicted by models. We quantify this discrepancy by combining the measurements from the muon detector with those from the Auger fluorescence detector at $$10^{{17.5}}\, {\mathrm{eV}} $$1017.5eV and $$10^{{18}}\, {\mathrm{eV}} $$1018eV. We find that, for the models to explain the data, an increase in the muon density of $$38\%$$38%$$\pm 4\% (12\%)$$±4%(12%)$$\pm {}^{21\%}_{18\%}$$±18%21% for EPOS-LHC, and of $$50\% (53\%)$$50%(53%)$$\pm 4\% (13\%)$$±4%(13%)$$\pm {}^{23\%}_{20\%}$$±20%23% for QGSJetII-04, is respectively needed.

scholarly journals Methods to measure the cosmic-ray composition with the Auger Engineering Radio Array

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 02004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizia Canfora
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Atmospheric Depth ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Number Of Particles

The mass composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays plays a key role in the understanding of the origins ofthese rare particles. A composition-sensitive observable is the atmospheric depth at which the air shower reaches the maximum number of particles (Xmax). The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) detects the radio emission inthe 30-80 MHz frequency band from extensive air showers with energies larger than 1017 eV. It consists of more than 150 autonomous radio stations covering an area of about 17 km2. From the distribution of signals measured by the antennas, it is possible to estimate Xmax. In this contribution three independent methods for the estimation of Xmax will be presented.

Ultra-high energy cross section from study of longitudinal development of air showers

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Ellsworth ◽  
T. K. Gaisser ◽  
Todor Stanev ◽  
G. B. Yodh
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Longitudinal Development

The fluctuations of Cerenkov radiation flashes caused by extensive air showers

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S92-S94 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Nesterova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Cerenkov Radiation ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Primary Particles

The experimental data concerning the fluctuations of Cerenkov flashes in the atmosphere are analyzed to investigate the composition of primary particles for the energy range 1014–1016 eV.

Evaluation of Optical Model Potential Using Neutron Induced Cross Section Reaction for Spherical Uranium-238 Isotope up to 20MeV

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Iman Tarik Al-Alawy ◽  
Ronak Ikram Ali
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Optical Model ◽  
Threshold Energy ◽  
Model Potential ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Incident Neutron ◽  
Optical Model Potential

The evaluation are based on mainly on the calculations of the nuclear optical model potential and relevant parameters are collected and selected from References Input Parameter Library (RIPL) which is being developed under the international project coordinated by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The analyzing of a complete energy range has done starting from threshold energy for each reaction. The cross sections are reproduced in fine steps of incident neutron energy with 0.01MeV intervals with their corresponding errors. The recommended cross sections for available experimental data taken from EXFOR library have been calculated for all the considered neutron induced reactions for U-238 isotopes. The calculated results are analyzed and compared with the experimental data. The optimized optical potential model parameters give a very good agreement with the experimental data over the energy range 0.001-20MeV for neutron induced cross section reactions (n,f), (n,tot), (n,el), (n,inl), (n,2n), (n,3n), and (n,γ) for spherical U-238 target elements.

scholarly journals Saturation in inclusive production beyond leading logarithm accuracy

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (24) ◽  
pp. 1630039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Staśto ◽  
David Zaslavsky
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Nonlinear Evolution ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Hadron Production ◽  
Suitable Choice ◽  
Inclusive Production ◽  
Leading Order ◽  
Leading Logarithm

We review the recent progress on the calculations on the inclusive forward hadron production within the saturation formalism. After introducing the concept of perturbative parton saturation and nonlinear evolution we discuss the formalism for the forward hadron production at high energy in the leading and next-to-leading order. Numerical results are presented and compared with the experimental data on forward hadron production in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We discuss the problem of the negativity of the NLO cross-section at high transverse momenta, study its origin in detail and present possible improvements which include the corrected kinematics and the suitable choice of the rapidity cutoff.

Estimating of Cherenkov Radiation in Extensive Air Showers Using CORSIKA Code for Tunka133 EAS Cherenkov Array

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 807-811
Author(s):  
A.A. Al-Rubaiee ◽  
Uda Hashim ◽  
Mohd Khairuddin Md Arshad ◽  
A. Rahim Ruslinda ◽  
R.M. Ayub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Cherenkov Light ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
The Given

The simulation of Cherenkov light Lateral distribution function (LDF) in Extensive Air Showers (EAS) initiated primary particles such as primary calcium, argon, proton iron nuclei, neutron and nitrogen have been performed using CORSIKA program for conditions and configurations of Tunka133 EAS Cherenkov array. The simulation was fulfilled at the high energy range 1014-1016eV for four different zenith angles 0o, 10o, 15oand 30o. The results of the simulated Cherenkov light LDF are compared with the measurements of Tunka133 EAS array for the same particles and energy range mentioned above. This comparison may give the good ability to reconstruct the energy spectrum and mass composition of the primary cosmic ray particles in EAS. The main feature of the given approach consists of the possibility to make a library of Cherenkov light LDF samples which could be utilized for analysis of real events which can be detected with different EAS arrays and reconstruction of the primary cosmic rays energy spectrum and mass composition of EAS particles.

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