Sterol and Lipid Composition of Three Adriatic Sea Sponges

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore De Rosaa ◽  
Katya Seizova ◽  
Zornitsa Kamenarska ◽  
Assia Petrova ◽  
Carmine Iodicea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Sterol Composition ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Geodia Cydonium

Abstract The sterol and fatty acid composition of three Adriatic Sea sponges (Geodia cydonium and two unidentified Tedania sp.), collected at the same time and same place, was established. Twenty-four sterols and forty fatty acids were identified. The identical ecological conditions, including the diet, allowed us to apply the results obtained for taxonomical conclusions, based on the biodiversity of the investigated sponges. On the basis of the sterol composition they can be separated into two groups: Tedania and Geodia sponges. The sterol and fatty acid composition indicates that the two investigated Tedania samples might be different species or subspecies

Influence of Altered Fatty Acid Composition on Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes to Antimicrobials

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. JUNEJA ◽  
P. M. DAVIDSON
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds

The sensitivity of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A and ATCC 19114 to antimicrobial compounds was altered when bacterial membrane lipid composition was modified by growth in the presence of added fatty acids. Analysis of cellular fatty acid composition by gas-liquid chromatography indicated that L. monocytogenes Scott A cells contained 0.97, 2.32, 0.81, and 0.72% (relative) of C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, and C18:l, respectively. In the presence of exogenously supplied C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, and C18:l, the percentages increased to 14.03, 30.92, 16.30, and 27.90%. Average MICs for L. monocytogenes Scott A and ATCC 19114 to sodium chloride, tertiary butylhydroquinone, methyl paraben, and propyl paraben were 10.0%, 81, 1406, and 544 μg/ml, respectively. Growing either strain in the presence of 50 μg/ml of either exogenously added C14:0 or C18:0 fatty acids increased their resistance to the four antimicrobial compounds. However, growth in the presence of C18:1 led to increased sensitivity to the antimicrobial agents. The results indicate that the susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to antimicrobial agents is related to the lipid composition of the cell membrane. Consequently, food preservation processes which alter fatty acid composition of L. monocytogenes could result in changes in antimicrobial susceptibility.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Composition and Thermotropic Behavior of Glycolipids and Other Membrane Lipids of Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) Inhabiting Different Climatic Zones

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard Kostetsky ◽  
Natalia Chopenko ◽  
Maria Barkina ◽  
Peter Velansky ◽  
Nina Sanina
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Ulva Lactuca ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Green Macroalgae

Increasing global temperatures are expected to increase the risk of extinction of various species due to acceleration in the pace of shifting climate zones. Nevertheless, there is no information on the physicochemical properties of membrane lipids that enable the adaptation of the algae to different climatic zones. The present work aimed to compare fatty acid composition and thermal transitions of membrane lipids from green macroalgae Ulva lactuca harvested in the Sea of Japan and the Adriatic Sea in summer. U. lactuca inhabiting the Adriatic Sea had bleached parts of thalli which were completely devoid of chloroplast glycolipids. The adaptation to a warmer climatic zone was also accompanied by a significant decrease in the ratio between unsaturated and saturated fatty acids (UFA/SFA) of membrane lipids, especially in bleached thalli. Hence, bleaching of algae is probably associated with the significant decrease of the UFA/SFA ratio in glycolipids. The decreasing ratio of n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was observed in extra-plastidial lipids and only in the major glycolipid, non-lamellar monogalactosyldiacylglycerol. The opposite thermotropic behavior of non-lamellar and lamellar glycolipids can contribute to maintenance of the highly dynamic structure of thylakoid membranes of algae in response to the increasing temperatures of climatic zones.

scholarly journals Biochemical Markers for Puberty in the Monkey Testis: Desmosterol and Docosahexaenoic Acid1

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1911-1916 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Connor ◽  
Don S. Lin ◽  
Martha Neuringer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern

Abstract We previously reported that the sperm of rhesus monkeys and humans uniquely contain large amounts of desmosterol not found in other tissues and have a high concentration of the highly polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3). However, the lipid composition of the testis, from which sperm originate, is unknown. During puberty, the testis undergoes remarkable morphological changes as testosterone levels rise and sperm production begins. We hypothesized that testicular maturation might also involve dramatic changes in lipid composition. Accordingly, we characterized the sterol and fatty acid composition of the testis of rhesus monkeys throughout the lifespan, from birth to old age. Although the cholesterol content in the testis remained relatively unchanged throughout life, the desmosterol content first decreased from 59 μg/g in infants to 6 μg/g in prepubertal monkeys, increased to 83 μg/g during puberty, and reached a plateau of 248 μg/g in the young adult, where it remained into old age. The polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of the testis also changed markedly. Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) increased from 5.1% of total fatty acids in infants and juveniles to 18.1% in postpubertal young adults. Although some n-6 fatty acids, arachidonic (20:4 n-6) and linoleic (18:2 n-6), decreased from 16.0% and 10.0% in prepubertal juveniles, respectively, to 7.1% and 3.3% in young adults; dihomogamma-linolenic acid (20:3 n-6), the precursor of 1 series PGs, increased greatly from 1.8% to 10.3%. Similar changes occurred in both membrane and storage lipids (phospholipids and triglycerides), respectively. After puberty, the testicular fatty acid pattern remained stable into old age. Our data demonstrated that puberty is accompanied by substantial changes in the lipid composition of the primate testis. These changes suggest that desmosterol and both n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids may have important roles in sexual maturation.

scholarly journals MILK LIPIDS AND SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Danchuk ◽  
V. Ushkalov ◽  
S. Midyk ◽  
L. Vigovska ◽  
O. Danchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
The Body

This article deals with the process of obtaining quality raw milk by analyzing its lipid composition. The lipid composition of raw milk depends on many factors, among which, first of all, is the species, the composition of the diet and the physiological state of the breast. In recent years, a large amount of data has accumulated on the fluctuations of certain lipid parameters of milk depending on the type, age, lactation, diet, time of year, exercise, animal husbandry technology, physiological state of the lactating organism in general and breast status in particular. Factors of regulation of fatty acid composition of raw milk: genetically determined parameters of quality and safety; fatty acid composition of the diet; synthesis of fatty acids by microorganisms of the digestive tract; synthesis of fatty acids in the breast; physiological state of the breast. The milk of each species of productive animals has its own specific lipid profile and is used in the formulation of certain dairy products to obtain the planned technological and nutritional parameters. Diagnosis of productive animals for subclinical mastitis involves the use of auxiliary (thermometry, thermography, electrical conductivity) and laboratory research methods: counting the number of somatic cells; use of specialized tests; microbiological studies of milk; biochemical studies of milk. The biochemical component in the diagnosis of subclinical forms of mastitis is underestimated. An increase in body temperature implies an increase in the intensity of heat release during the oxidation of substrates, sometimes due to a decrease in the intensity of synthesis of energy-intensive compounds. There are simply no other sources of energy in the body. The situation is the same with certain parts of the metabolism, which are aimed at the development of protective reactions to the etiological factor aimed at the defeat of the breast. That is why the biochemical composition of breast secretions in the absence of clinical signs of mastitis undergoes biochemical changes and the task of scientists is to develop mechanisms for clear tracking of such changes, identification of animals with subclinical forms of mastitis and effective treatment.

Lipid composition of the trophosome in the beard worm, Oligobrachia mashikoi (Pogonophora)

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Mita ◽  
Mariko Deguchi ◽  
Yuichi Sasayama
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Cholesterol Ester ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

A large quantity of triglyceride was detected histochemically in nutrient-deposit cells of the trophosome in the beard worm (Oligobrachia mashikoi). The lipid extracted from the trophosome was composed of triglyceride, several kinds of phospholipid, free fatty acid, cholesterol, and cholesterol ester. The fatty acid of the triglyceride was comprised mainly of a monoenoic type, such as palmitoleic acid (16:1) and oleic acid (18:1), which accounted for 31% and 37% of the total fatty acids, respectively. In addition, in blood triglyceride, the fatty acid composition was almost the same.

Effect of cadmium on lipid composition of pepper

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 907-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jemal ◽  
M. Zarrouk ◽  
M. H. Ghorbal
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
External Medium ◽  
Capsicum Annum ◽  
Acyl Lipids ◽  
Composition Changes

Seedlings (2 weeks old) of pepper (Capsicum annum) were grown in nutrient solution with added CdCl2 (10 or 50μM) for 7 days. In Cd-treated plants, changes in acyl lipids and fatty acid composition were investigated. Cd particularly lowered the amount of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and enhanced accumulation of phospholipids [phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol] in leaves. In contrast, content of PC and galactolipids (MGDG and digalactosyldiacylglycerol) decreased in roots. Fatty acid composition of leaves was also changed by Cd addition to external medium, but no important changes occurred in roots. Levels of leaf polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially 18:3 and 16:3, were reduced. Lipid and fatty acid composition changes in roots are discussed in relation to Cd tolerance in pepper.

96 EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION WITH TUNA OIL ON THE LIPID COMPOSITION OF BOAR SPERMATOZOA AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SEMEN

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
C. A. A. Torres ◽  
E. A. M. Amorim ◽  
L. S. Amorim ◽  
J. K. Graham ◽  
M. Meyers
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Boar Spermatozoa

In most mammals, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the dominant polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), although, in several species, docosapentaenoic acid is also a major component of the sperm cell membranes. The amount of DHA in spermatozoa is positively correlated with sperm motility. The effect of dietary supplementation with tuna oil (TO) on the lipid and fatty acid composition of boar spermatozoa and the relationship between the changes in composition and boar semen characteristics were studied. Twenty-four boars were distributed in a completely randomized factorial design (2 � 3) with two oil sources (soybean and tuna) and three levels of antioxidant (150, 300, and 450 mg of vitamin E/kg). The diets consisted of a basal diet that was supplemented with 30 g soybean or TO per kg diet. During a period of 10 weeks of feeding the diets, one ejaculate from each boar was collected per week. The sperm was diluted 1:1 with Beltsville thawing solution (BTS) and divided into three portions destined to cooling (5 and 17�C) and freezing. The sperm diluted for cooling at either temperature was stored in plastic bottles for 3 days. After dilution with BTS, the sperm for freezing was centrifuged and rediluted with freezing extender before it was stored in 0.5-mL straws. Thawing was achieved by placing the straws in a water bath (37�C) for 30 s. Motility, vigor, hypoosmotic swelling (host), and morphology were assessed. For determining the fatty acid composition of the spermatozoa and seminal plasma, a sample of 15 mL was taken from each ejaculate shortly after collection and centrifuged for 20 min at 1000g. Sperm motility and vigor were analyzed by placing a sample on a pre-warmed (37�C) microscopic slide, covering with a coverslip, and examining under a light microscope at a magnification of 200�. For host assessment in each case, a volume of 10 µL was mixed with 1 mL hypoosmotic solution (100 mOsm L–1) and incubated for 30 min in a water bath (37�C). After incubation, 50 µL of formol-saline was added to each tube. Sequentially, 20 µL of every sample was smeared on a microscope slide and observed with oil immersion using a phase contrast microscope. A minimum of 200 cells was observed and classified as non-coiled and coiled. Lipid peroxidation was measured using the thiobarbituric acid reaction. Treatment differences for sperm were determined using analysis of variance for means. The proportion of DHA in sperm phospholipid fatty acids increased in semen fatty acid composition after 1 week of feeding TO. The concentrations of the fatty acids were unchanged in the seminal plasma as a result of the diets fed. The proportion of spermatozoa with abnormal morphologies decreased in boars supplemented with TO (P < 0.05). The TO diet showed the lowest level of total antioxidants in the semen (P < 0.05); however, when the diet was supplemented with the higher vitamin E level, an increase in sperm motility and vigor was observed (P < 0.05). Therefore, dietary supplementation with TO alters the lipid composition of the membrane and has a beneficial effect on both cooled and cryopreserved boar spermatozoa by decreasing cold shock during cooling and thus increasing cryosurvival.

Light-Dependent Changes in the Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Phycocyanin-Free Photosynthetic Lamellae of Synechococcus

1981 ◽  
Vol 36 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 856-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Datz ◽  
Günter Döhler
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The growth of Synechococcus at different intensities of white and red light caused changes in the pigment composition. The ratio of chlorophyll a to phycocyanin varied from 1:8,2 in LWLI-grown cells to 1:1,4 in cells grown at HWLI and to 1:15,7 in cultures exposed to HRLI. Acyl lipids were quantitatively determ ined and fatty acids of the individual lipid classes analysed by GLC. Phycocyanin-free photosynthetic lam ellae were obtained by fractional centrifugation. No variation was found in the acyl lipid composition of the m em brane preparations. These all contained MGDG, DGDG, SQDG and PG as components. In all the lipids investigated, palmitic, hexadecenoic and octadecenoic acids m ade up to more than 90% of total fatty acids. The pattern of these major components w ithin the lipids from the different cultures depended on the light used. No large differences were detected between zones obtained from LWLI and HRLI isolated membranes, whereas density gradient centrifugation of those from HWLI-grown cells resulted in a completely different pattern of bands. The variations in lipid and fatty acid composition are discussed with respect to changes observed in lipid composition of whole cells and the results reported on tem perature dependent shifts in lipid fluidity in cyanobacteria.

Sterol and Fatty Acid Composition of Polyene Macrolide Antibiotic Resistant Torulopsis glabrata

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1309-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lomb ◽  
M. Fryberg ◽  
A. C. Oehlschlager ◽  
A. M. Unrau
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Sterol Composition ◽  
Polyene Macrolide ◽  
Torulopsis Glabrata ◽  
Polyene Macrolide Antibiotic ◽  
Parent Culture ◽  
Major Sterol

Successive reculturing of Torulopsis glabrata on media containing increasing concentration of the polyene macrolide antibiotics nystatin or lucensomycin resulted in the segregation of cultures resistant to these antibiotics. Isolates resistant to lucensomycin showed good resistance to nystatin, and vice versa.Analysis of the sterols and fatty acids of sensitive and polyene resistant T. glabrata revealed that compositional changes occurred in both classes of lipids upon acquisition of resistance. The sterol composition of nystatin and lucensomycin resistant cultures possessed reduced amounts of, or no ergosterol (the major sterol of the sensitive parent culture), and increased amounts of sterols which were biogenetically more primitive than ergosterol. Resistant cultures in which ergosterol was absent possessed a fatty acid composition that did not differ significantly from the parent sensitive culture grown under identical conditions. Resistant cultures containing significantly reduced amounts of ergosterol were found to possess altered fatty acid compositions. Generally it was observed that these latter cultures possessed fatty acids containing shorter and more saturated chains. These results are considered to indicate that alteration in both lipid and sterol composition is involved in determination of culture resistance to polyene macrolides.

scholarly journals Influence of Dietary Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and ω6 to ω3 Ratios on Head Kidney Lipid Composition and Expression of Fatty Acid and Eicosanoid Metabolism Genes in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomer Katan ◽  
Xi Xue ◽  
Albert Caballero-Solares ◽  
Richard G. Taylor ◽  
Matthew L. Rise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Transcript Expression ◽  
Eicosanoid Metabolism

The interaction of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (EPA+DHA) levels with omega-6 to omega-3 ratios (ω6:ω3), and their impact on head kidney lipid metabolism in farmed fish, are not fully elucidated. We investigated the influence of five plant-based diets (12-week exposure) with varying EPA+DHA levels (0.3, 1.0, or 1.4%) and ω6:ω3 (high ω6, high ω3, or balanced) on tissue lipid composition, and transcript expression of genes involved in fatty acid and eicosanoid metabolism in Atlantic salmon head kidney. Tissue fatty acid composition was reflective of the diet with respect to C18 PUFA and MUFA levels (% of total FA), and ω6:ω3 (0.5–1.5). Fish fed 0.3% EPA+DHA with high ω6 (0.3% EPA+DHA↑ω6) had the highest increase in proportions (1.7–2.3-fold) and in concentrations (1.4-1.8-fold) of arachidonic acid (ARA). EPA showed the greatest decrease in proportion and in concentration (by ~½) in the 0.3% EPA+DHA↑ω6 fed fish compared to the other treatments. However, no differences were observed in EPA proportions among salmon fed the high ω3 (0.3 and 1.0% EPA+DHA) and balanced (1.4% EPA+DHA) diets, and DHA proportions were similar among all treatments. Further, the transcript expression of elovl5a was lowest in the 0.3% EPA+DHA↑ω6 fed fish, and correlated positively with 20:3ω3, 20:4ω3 and EPA:ARA in the head kidney. This indicates that high dietary 18:3ω3 promoted the synthesis of ω3 LC-PUFA. Dietary EPA+DHA levels had a positive impact on elovl5a, fadsd5 and srebp1 expression, and these transcripts positively correlated with tissue ΣMUFA. This supported the hypothesis that LC-PUFA synthesis is positively influenced by tissue MUFA levels in Atlantic salmon. The expression of pparaa was higher in the 0.3% EPA+DHA↑ω6 compared to the 0.3% EPA+DHA↑ω3 fed fish. Finally, significant correlations between head kidney fatty acid composition and the expression of eicosanoid synthesis-related transcripts (i.e., 5loxa, 5loxb, cox1, cox2, ptges2, ptges3, and pgds) illustrated the constitutive relationships among fatty acids and eicosanoid metabolism in salmon.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document