scholarly journals Gustav Mannerheim in the XXI Century Studies (on a New Book by Henrik Meinander)

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-178
Author(s):  
Natalia Plevako ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Political Figure

The article-review is an analysis of the book by a major Finnish researcher H. Meinander about the life and work of the most prominent military and political figure of Finland, Gustav Mannerheim. Following the author, the reviewer goes through the milestones of Mannerheim's life, analyzing both the convincing and the controversial statements of the historian. The book is written on the basis of various sources and contains polemics with other authors who were engaged in the same subject. The author strove for objectivity, neither embellishing the thoughts and actions of his hero, nor detracting from their meaning and significance, and in many ways achieved his goal. The monograph is divided into chapters that characterize particular periods in Mannerheim's life and consist of separate thematic sections-essays. The result is a dynamically developing picture of the formation of the hero's personality against the background of the most important events in the history of the world, Finland and Russia. The author traces how one of the most important European politicians, who has learned the contradictory experience of the history of the twentieth century, grows out of an aristocrat and a dandy officer. Central to the narrative is the theme "Mannerheim and Russia". Conscientious military service in the Russian Empire, the struggle with Soviet Russia, and, finally, the realization of the need to look for ways to form peaceful relations with a powerful neighbor - this is the evolution of Mannerheim's attitude to our country. A lot of space is also devoted to the problem of Finland's relations with other countries – Sweden, Germany and the United Kingdom. "The lessons of Mannerheim", as they are presented in the book, will be useful for the current and future generations of Finnish and Russian political scientists and political practitioners.

THE HISTORY OF THE CONQUEST OF THE KHIVIN KHANATE BY THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE FROM FOREIGN SOURCES

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Ilhom Juraev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Political Economic

In this article, the author analyzes McGahan's novels “Campaigning on the Oxus, and the Fall of Khiva” which is about the history of Uzbekistan, and distinguishes that these novels according to their peculiarities highlight the history of Uzbekistan particularly the last quarter of XIX century when the valley invaded by Soviet Russia and author shared his thoughts on the basis of historical sources and gave some summaries.Relying on these summaries we obtain necessary information about the valley’s political, economic and cultural life

On the history of the title and surname inheritance of Counts Perovsky by Mikhail Mikhailovich Petrovo-Solovovo in 1907: legal norms and archival reconstruction of circumstances

2019 ◽  
pp. 250-259
Author(s):  
Kseniia Donik
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Transfer Process ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Local History ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
New Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

We highlight unknown circumstances of the title and surname transfer of Counts Perovsky to M.M. Petrovo-Solovovo – a statesman, a representative of an ancient aristocratic family who owned an estate in the Kirsanovsky County of the Tambov Governorate on the basis of new archive sources that were not previously introduced into scientific circulation. In various local history interpretations, modern periodicals that somehow transmit a historical narrative about the last owner of the Karay-Saltykovsky estate, there is a wide variety of versions of how M.M. Petrovo-Solovovo became Count Perovsky (mainly the title inheritance from mother is men-tioned). The purpose of this study is a detailed reconstruction of the titled surname Perovsky transfer in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the twentieth century. Methodologically the study is based on historiographic criticism of documents and analysis of legislation on noble surnames based on the data of genealogical studies of different years. We pay special attention to the historical context of the analyzed events. We prove that the transfer initiative came from M.M. Petrovo-Solovovo’s aunt – maid of honor of the Empress, Countess V.B. Perovskaya, who, having previously secured the permission of the emperor, was able to begin the formal transfer process, although under the law as a female person she did not have such rights. We introduce new information both in Russian genealogical historiography as a whole, and in the history of the Petrovo-Solovovo clan and Tambov’s local history in particular.

A look at China and the formation of the doctrine of relations: distinctive features of the imperial and Soviet cultural policy of interaction

2020 ◽  
pp. 287-306
Author(s):  
Larisa P. Chernikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Shared Knowledge ◽  
Large Role ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Oriental Studies

When studying Russian-Chinese relations, many aspects are covered through the prism of state interests. The essay tells how knowledge of China and practical Oriental studies became important corrective elements of the foreign policy of the Russian Empire and later of Soviet Russia / USSR. Here a large role was played by people with professional oriental education, but there were few of these at all times; therefore, part of the information resource was also occupied by the testimony of publicists, scientists, travelers, whose names are quite well known, and we are rediscovering some of the names and achievements of lesser-known people. It can be said that the main information about Ching China (the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries) came to the Russian press thanks to writers and journalists. Of the most popular, we can recall the travel essays of Ivan A. Goncharov Frigate ‘Pallas', the novels of the writer Aleksei S. Novikov-Priboy, the stories of the traveler M. Shcherbakov and many others. For the period from the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to the turn of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries a gigantic literature has been accumulated on the history of Russian-Chinese relations of different historical epochs, which include memoirs, reports, reports of diplomats and reviewers, impressions of travelers, and a huge number of articles by journalists and reporters on China. In turn, all this information required the generalization, selection and analysis of specialist scientists, who began to create their work from the second half of the nineteenth century to the present day. At different periods of their lives and activities, these people discovered eastern countries for themselves and generously shared knowledge with compatriots. Materials for the essay include archival research, Russian periodicals in China, and published works of oriental scholars, travel notes and memoirs.

UKRAINIAN MOTIVES IN THE WORKS OF JOSEF LOBODOWSKI

2019 ◽  
pp. 454-459
Author(s):  
Anna Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Entire Collection ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Times ◽  
Available Information

The article is devoted to the life and work of the Polish writer, poet, translator Josef Lobodowski. It represents his biographical information, his relationship with Ukraine and the traditions of this region. Moreover, the poetry collection “Złota hramota” from the point of view of the Ukrainian question becomes the object of the article. The aim of the work is to systematize available information concerning the life and the creative input of the outstanding Pole, who, while living in Kuban, learned the Ukrainian language and fell in love with the Ukrainian culture and poetry. Josef Lobodowski is called the successor of the “Ukrainian school” in the Polish literature of the twentieth century, because within the scope of his works he appeals to the beauty of Ukrainian nature, Ukrainian history and, equally important, the Ukrainian question. Josef Lobodowski dedicated his articles and poetry to this issue, since he considered it necessary to regulate Ukrainian-Polish relations. In this work, particular attention is paid to the poetic collection “Złota hramota” by Josef Lobodowski, since it may be regarded as a poetic appeal to a modern person, which is partly due to the title of the collection. This collection has a significant historical background and brings us back to the times when the Poles began their struggle for freedom from the Russian Empire and the restoration of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In addition to this, the entire collection is rich in Ukrainian national motives and reveals the national issue and a no less important issue of Polish-Ukrainian relations. However, one should evaluate the contribution of Josef Lobodowski also as a translator from the Ukrainian language who introduced the pearls of Ukrainian poetry such as Taras Shevchenko and Yevhen Malaniuk to ordinary Poles. All things considered, Josef Lobodowski as a poet, publicist, translator and just a man who was captured by Ukrainian history and culture, highlights important and topical questions in his works, as well as contributes to the popularization of Ukrainian cultural achievements on the world stage.

scholarly journals Эпидемии натуральной оспы в Северо-Восточной Сибири и первые попытки ее профилактики

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Валериан Николаев
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
European Part ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Tribal Communities ◽  
Northeastern Siberia ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Folk Remedies ◽  
The Russian Empire

Smallpox is one of the most dangerous human infectious diseases in the world, which claimed an estimated half a billion lives [1]. Smallpox reached the territory of Northeastern Siberia in the middle of the 17th century. It was spread by people from the European part of the Russian Empire. The devastating epidemics of smallpox led to the verge of extinction of entire tribal communities and small ethnic groups, especially in the Arctic. The article analyzes literary and archival materials on the history of smallpox and folk remedies used for the prevention of smallpox in the territory of Northeastern Siberia, particularly in Yakutia.

Origins and Early Years of the Volozhin Yeshiva

2012 ◽  
pp. 15-47
Author(s):  
Shaul Stampfer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Jewish Learning

This chapter takes a look at how the small town of Volozhin became one of the focal points of the Lithuanian Jewish world because of the yeshiva that was established there. The yeshiva of Volozhin represented a novel type of relationship between the Jewish community and Jewish learning: for most of the nineteenth century the Volozhin yeshiva was the most important institution of Jewish learning in all of eastern Europe, and ultimately it served as a model for the rest of European Jewry. The heads of the yeshiva were regarded as leaders of the Jewish community in the Russian Empire and beyond; thousands of young men studied there, many of whom went on to have a significant impact on the Jewish world. Patterns that were set in Volozhin are essentially maintained in yeshivas around the world till today. There are many curious myths about Volozhin, but the reality was even more interesting. A careful look at the history of the yeshiva reveals not only the yeshiva itself but how a society can change in ways that few could have predicted.

Historiographical traditions in the study of “children of misfortune” in the context of orphanage in the Russian Empire and Soviet Russia in the first third of the 20th century

2019 ◽  
pp. 272-282
Author(s):  
Inna Shikunova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
System Development ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Russian Empire

We consider the historiographical traditions of both domestic and foreign historiography on the study of the childhood history, children’s daily life, the history of motherhood and childhood, social welfare and charity of “children of misfortune” both in the capital and at the provincial level in the first third of the 20th century. Based on the analysis of methodological approaches and research practices, we identify the most successful, complex and effective, including consider-ation of various poorly studied aspects of the claimed scientific problem. We reveal the regional features of the social protection system study that are significantly different from the works of the capital’s historians. We refine the approaches and interpretation in the study of the role and place of the social state in the Russian Empire and the policy of Soviet authorities in relation to orphans. We reveal the main posed questions of the prospects of historiographical study of a wide range of childhood history problems. We draw conclusions about the results of the study of social protec-tion and charity of orphans system in both pre-revolutionary and Soviet Russia. We pay attention to the importance of taking into account the regional specifics and specific historical manifesta-tions of social policy in the study of charitable support and private public initiative of the period under review. We reveal the stereotypical approaches and assessments in relation to the system development of social charity and welfare for “children of misfortune” in imperial and Soviet Russia.

THE HISTORY OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS IN BUKHARA AND RUSSIA IN THE RESEARCH OF THE 20-50s OF THE XX CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Sunnatillo Khamraev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Empire

The study of the history of diplomatic relations between the Emirate of Bukhara and the Russian Empire is one of the most important issues in the history of Uzbekistan. This article presents an analysis of research on the study of this issue in the early Soviet period, i.e. in the 20-50s of the twentieth century. In addition, the aspects and approaches that have been given great attention by researchers to the diplomatic relations between the two countries are analyzed. The article reveals the goals and interests of both parties in diplomatic relations between the Bukhara Emirate and the Russian Empire, highlights all diplomatic missions and embassies of the Bukhara Emirate before it became a protectorate of the Russian Empire, uses archival materials and sources on the subject, approaches to diplomatic relations, it was emphasized that it is advisable to conduct them on the basis of such principles as ideological orientations

scholarly journals Ethnic Structure of St Petersburg – Petrograd – Leningrad in the Period of 1703-1991

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-105
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Garczyk
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
National Capital ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The City

Abstract This article presents a multinational and multireligious character of St. Petersburg since the founding of the city to the collapse of the Soviet Union. An ethnic and cultural mosaic was also an important feature in other centers of Russia, including Moscow and Odessa, as well as forming part of the national capital of the Russian Empire in Warsaw, Riga and Tallinn. St. Petersburg is a city but of a symbolic and unique character. It is the subject of literary impressions and creative inspiration for generations of artists. In addition, St. Petersburg - Petrograd - Leningrad was the capital of a multinational and multireligious Russian Empire, Soviet Russia, and since 1918, it was the second most important city of the Soviet Union. The author’s intention is also to present the history of St. Petersburg - Petrograd - Leningrad, as seen through the prism of the history of national minorities living in it.

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