scholarly journals Mechanisms for Stabilizing Crisis Situations in Visegrad Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 107 (7) ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Aleksei Drynochkin ◽  
◽  
Lyubov Shishelina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Central European ◽  
Counter Measures ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Visegrád Countries ◽  
Crisis Situations

In the article, the authors, pointing out the main challenges faced by the Central European countries in the last two years, analyze the measures taken by the governments of the Visegrad countries ‒ individually and jointly ‒ in an effort to overcome the negative consequences of crisis situations and to give a new impetus to the development of societies in social, political and economic spheres. The pandemic of 2020/2021 in a certain sense can be considered as a milestone measuring the effectiveness of political and economic systems established over three decades in these countries. The authors have chosen for this publication only some, but decisive measures, such as internal political stabilization, social, as well as economic devices to help the population in a pandemic. Analyzing the main “alarming points” of Central European countries, the authors come to the conclusion that the democratic parliamentary system established in these countries over the years of reforms, based on a network of non-governmental organizations, plays a significant positive role in overcoming them; the manifestation of independence in taking decisions affecting the interests of the nation despite delays or counter-measures of Brussels; taking into account the peculiarities of national and regional development in other areas.

INTERNATIONAL NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS: CONCEPT, TYPES AND ROLE IN MODERN WORLD

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 154-164
Author(s):  
A. N. Gutorova
Keyword(s):  
Internal State ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Global Management ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

Non-state factors begin to play more and more significant role in processes of global management. The international non-governmental organizations are on a special place among them (INGO). In the last decade they are growing noticeably. In this regard it is necessary to study the role and the meaning of international non-governmental organizations in the process of global management. It is a vital need of modern science. Attempts to elaborate definition of the concept "international non-governmental organization" were made repeatedly but all developed concepts have certain shortcomings (don't reflect the legal nature of INGO, membership, activity purposes, etc.). The bulk of non-governmental organizations are created for the solution of specific problems or work within a certain perspective. Today these organizations actively deal with issues connected with humanitarian assistance, protection of human rights and environmental protection, providing peace and safety, participate in educational programs, sports projects. They provide analysis and expert assessment of various problems, including global problems, act as mechanism of "early notification" and promote control of international agreements execution. But, without looking, for rather positive role of MNPO in their activity there are also certain problems. INGO is often accused in internal state affairs. Their activity often has politized character.

scholarly journals Civil Non-State Actors in Peacekeeping and Peacebuilding in West Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 313-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Bakarr Bah
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Community Organizations ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Post War

This paper advances the notion of civil non-state actors in peacekeeping and peacebuilding. Using Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Côte d’Ivoire as cases studies, the paper identifies three kinds of civil non-state actors in war-torn countries: international non-governmental organizations (NGOs), community-based NGOs, and ad hoc community organizations. In addition, it argues that civil non-state actors play a critical problem-solving role in peacekeeping and peacebuilding and complement the role of state actors. The paper examines the role of civil non-state actors through their dialectical affinity with state actors in the peacekeeping and peacebuilding processes. It further expands the notion of non-state actors in peacekeeping and peacebuilding to encompass community-based NGOs and ad hoc community organizations. Moreover, it points to the positive role of civil non-state actors and the wide range of activities they perform, especially in peace mediation and post-war reconstruction.

scholarly journals Self-medication practices and rational drug use habits among university students: a cross-sectional study from Kahramanmaraş, Turkey

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramazan Azim Okyay ◽  
Ayşegül Erdoğan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
University Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

BackgroundSelf-medication refers to the use of medicines to treat self-diagnosed diseases without consulting any healthcare professionals. Irrational drug use and self-medication have serious negative consequences both on health and economy. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the habits related to rational use of drugs (RUD) and to estimate the prevalence of self-medication practices among university students.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on university students in Kahramanmaraş. From May 2017 to June 2017 a total of 960 students filled a “Rational Use of Drugs Questionnaire”.ResultsThe prevalence of practicing self-medication in students was 63.4%. The most common medicines that the students had consumed without prescription were analgesics by 39.5%, antibiotics by 36.9% and cold remedies by 24.0%. The rate of students who declared that they were familiar with RUD and “rational use of antibiotics” (RUA) was 45.9%. Reading/checking the instructions in the prospectus (OR = 1.529, 95% CI [1.176–1.990]), understanding the context of the prospectus (OR = 1.893, 95% CI [1.387–2.584]), compliance with the duration of antibiotic treatment (OR = 1.597, 95% CI [1.231–2.071]) and consulting a physician in case of a side effect (OR = 1.350, 95% CI [1.037–1.757]) were significantly higher among students who were familiar with RUD as compared to who were not.DiscussionSince the awareness of RUD among university students was found to be inadequate, it has critical importance to hold educational activities with the cooperation of physicians, health organizations, universities, non-governmental organizations and media to avoid negative consequences of irrational drug use and self-medication.

TRANSFORMATION OF LOBBYING INSTRUMENTS FOR ECONOMIC STAKEHOLDERS IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (5) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Stanislav SOKUR ◽  
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
International Standards ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Member States ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Total Growth

The article examines current developments of lobbying institutionalization on the state level in European countries from 2014 to 2021, in particular, the definitions of lobbying and lobbyists, their goals, the availability of lobbying registers and the available ways for lobbying by economic stakeholders. Recent legislation on lobbying of Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania and the United Kingdom is analyzed. The dynamics of the adoption of laws on lobbying in European countries in recent years is demonstrated, given the specifics of the legal regimes of these countries. The article also shows examples of lobbying by economic stakeholders and lobbyists' reporting in accordance with the current legislation of the countries concerned. It has been proven that today the field of lobbying is on the rise, since in the last seven years eight countries in Europe have adopted laws regulating lobbying. Thus, the total growth of countries adopted lobbying regulation by European OECD member-states for the period of last 7 years constituted 67% of overall lobbying regulation by OECD member-states for the previous 75 years. These impressive numbers are expected to increase in the coming years, and it is very important that such lobbying rules to be adopted in accordance with international standards for lobbying regulation. The article also shows practical cases of lobbying and demonstrates that the range of lobbying targets in the modern world is incredibly wide. International organizations such as the United Nations, the Red Cross, Doctors Without Borders, etc. influences transparently policy-making in European countries. Regulation of lobbying legislation allows to influence decision-making to both non-governmental organizations and representatives of the private sector. Thus, there is an articulation and aggregation of interests in societies, which improves the quality of decisions made by public authorities.

Keeping Camouflage Out of the Classroom: The Safe Schools Declaration and the Guidelines for Protecting Schools and Universities from Military Use During Armed Conflict

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marten Zwanenburg
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Safe Schools ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

Abstract This article discusses the ‘Safe Schools Declaration’ and the ‘Guidelines for Protecting Schools and Universities from Military use during Armed Conflict’. The latter are set of non-binding guidelines that aim to improve the protection of schools and universities during armed conflict. The former is a political declaration through which States can endorse the Guidelines. The article looks at the drafting process of the two documents, which involved non-governmental organizations (NGOs), international organizations and States. The article argues that the involvement of NGOs can be seen as reflective of a trend in which NGOs are increasingly involved in normative International Humanitarian Law (IHL) development. The role of international organizations was less pronounced, but nevertheless notable because international organizations traditionally do not have an active role in the field of IHL. The article contains an analysis of the Declaration and Guidelines, against the background of the applicable legal framework to the protection of schools and universities during armed conflict. It concludes that the principal focus of the Guidelines is the prevention of the use of schools and universities by armed forces in support of the military effort. IHL does not contain a rule prohibiting such use, but it can have far-reaching negative consequences for education. Other guidelines relate to, inter alia (limitations to), destroying or attacking schools and universities. These guidelines, while sometimes using phraseology from provisions of IHL treaty law, also largely go beyond existing obligations under IHL.

scholarly journals Identity Reinforcement or Risky Organizational Change? Category Spanning in Humanitarian Projects

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Eva A. P. Kooijman ◽  
Nikolaus Beck
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Logit Regression ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Humanitarian Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

In this study, we investigate the consequences of organizational change that consist of adding new categories to the portfolio of humanitarian organizations. Our aim is to discern differences in these consequences between specialist and generalist organizations. Previous research has shown that spanning categories lead to disadvantages in the evaluation of organizations by audience members in terms of the attention they receive from the audience but did not focus on the distinction between specialists, organizations that have no history in spanning categories, and generalists, organizations that have already done so in the past. Using fixed effect logit regression methods on project approval among 2480 non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the humanitarian sector, we show that category spanning is tantamount to risky organizational change for specialist organizations, which leads to a reduction in project approval. However, generalists benefit from category spanning, which indicates identity reinforcement. We also show that in the case of urgent demand, spanning categories has a less detrimental effect. Consequently, organizations that have successfully undergone a change from a specialist to a generalist identity no longer suffer from category spanning. Moreover, also situations of urgent demand reduce the negative consequences of category spanning.

Countering lone-actor terrorism: specification of requirements for potential interventions

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 121-147
Author(s):  
Kacper Gradoń
Keyword(s):  
Academic Community ◽  
Military Government ◽  
Subject Matter Experts ◽  
Lone Wolf ◽  
Counter Measures ◽  
Security Services ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Civil Defence

The author presents the de-classified preliminary findings of the European Commission funded FP7 research project PRIME, dealing with the extremism, radicalization and lone-actor terrorism (also known as “lone wolf terrorism”). The Article provides the partial results of the research devoted to the preparation of portfolio of lone actor extremism counter-measures requirements based on the findings of the review of existing counter-measures used to defend against lone actor extremist events. The Article concludes with a list of recommendations, which shall be considered in order to prevent, interdict and mitigate the threat of lone actor extremism and terrorism and to support public security and safety. These recommendations are based on the extensive consultations with law-enforcement and security services practitioners and Subject Matter Experts of the PRIME Project domain, representing a wide range of areas (police, intelligence, border protection, military, government, civil defence, non-governmental organizations, and the academic community) and different jurisdictions and law practices (several countries of Europe, United States, Canada, India, Japan, Georgia, Mexico, Australia and New Zealand).

scholarly journals Carbon dioxide emissions embodied in international trade in Central Europe between 1995 and 2008

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 2-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Vlčková ◽  
Vojtěch Nosek ◽  
Josef Novotný ◽  
Antonín Lupíšek
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Industrial Restructuring ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Central European ◽  
Visegrad Group ◽  
Visegrád Countries

Abstract Climate change and environmental policies are widely discussed, but much less is known about emissions embodied in goods traded internationally, and the distinction between emission producers and consumers. The carbon dioxide emissions embodied in international trade in Central European countries are subject to examination in this paper. As a result of industrial restructuring and environmental legislation, air pollution has improved significantly in Central European countries since the 1989 transition. On the other hand, economic growth has been accompanied by a rise in consumerism. Despite the increasing role of exports, the Visegrad group countries have become net importers of carbon dioxide emissions between 1995 and 2008. This seems to be the ‘standard trajectory’ of a country’s transition toward a more developed and consumption-oriented economy. The global patterns of carbon dioxide emissions embodied in manufacturing exports are also mapped, using network analysis and constructing ‘product space’. The analysis confirms that industrial re-structuring played an important role in lowering the production of carbon dioxide emissions in the Visegrad countries.

scholarly journals Wielopostaciowość administracji publicznej w zakresie zarządzania kryzysowego

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1 (4)) ◽  
pp. 133-153
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Ura ◽  
Stanisław Pieprzny
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Specific System ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Specialist Services ◽  
Action Preparation ◽  
Material Points ◽  
Crisis Situations

The paper presents the multiformity of public administration in crisis management from the subjective and material points of view. The provisions contained in the Act of 26 April 2007 on crisis management were analyzed. The act implies that the authorities of the general government and the local government at the level of the municipality and the district also are the crisis management authorities, and together with the subsidiary bodies create a specific system of public administration in this area. At the same time, it was pointed out that the statutory system of organs was incomplete, because in the crisis situations, specialist services (Police, State F ire Brigade, Army) and non-governmental organizations play a vital role. This multidimensionality allows distinguishing two groups of entities in crisis management: crisis management bodies and entities that perform tasks in crisis situations. In addition, the multiform nature of public administration in crisis management is evident in the presentation of this management in a material way: action preparation, civilian planning, risk prevention, fighting, reintegration.

scholarly journals Use of New Technologies in the Prevention of Suicide in Europe: An Exploratory Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. e23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan-Luis Muñoz-Sánchez ◽  
Carmen Delgado ◽  
Andrés Sánchez-Prada ◽  
Mercedes Pérez-López ◽  
Manuel A Franco-Martín
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Public Management ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Suicide Prevention Programs

Background New technologies are an integral component of today’s society and can complement existing suicide prevention programs. Here, we analyzed the use of new technologies in the prevention of suicide in 8 different European countries. Objective The aim of this paper was to assess the opinions of professionals in incorporating such resources into the design of a suicide prevention program for the region of Zamora in Spain. This investigation, encompassed within the European project entitled European Regions Enforcing Actions against Suicide (EUREGENAS), includes 11 regions from 8 different countries and attempts to advance the field of suicide prevention in Europe. Methods Using a specifically designed questionnaire, we assessed the opinions of 3 different groups of stakeholders regarding the use, frequency of use, facilitators, content, and format of new technologies for the prevention of suicide. The stakeholders were comprised of policy and public management professionals, professionals working in the area of mental health, and professionals related to the social area and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). A total of 416 participants were recruited in 11 regions from 8 different European countries. Results The utility of the new technologies was valued positively in all 8 countries, despite these resources being seldom used in those countries. In all the countries, the factors that contributed most to facilitating the use of new technologies were accessibility and free of charge. Regarding the format of new technologies, the most widely preferred formats for use as a tool for the prevention of suicide were websites and email. The availability of information about signs of alarm and risk factors was the most relevant content for the prevention of suicide through the use of new technologies. The presence of a reference mental health professional (MHP) was also considered to be a key aspect. The countries differed in the evaluations given to the different formats suggesting that the cultural characteristics of the country should be taken into account. Conclusions New technologies are much appreciated resources; however they are not often underused in the field of suicide prevention. The results of this exploratory study show that new technologies are indeed useful resources and should be incorporated into suicide prevention programs.

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