scholarly journals Electric current transformation by anisotropic electrically conductive medium

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
А. А. Аshcheulov ◽  
M. Ya. Derevianchuk ◽  
D. А. Lavreniuk ◽  
I. S. Romaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Plate Thickness ◽  
Transformation Coefficient ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Electric Circuits ◽  
High Transformation ◽  
Side Face ◽  
Transformer Design ◽  
Geometrical Factors ◽  
New Generation

The authors consider the aspects of electric current distribution in electrically conductive anisotropic medium and establish how geometrical factors affect its longitudinal and transverse components. In the case of an a×b×с rectangular plate, its selected crystallographic axes are located on the plane of the side face a×b, whereas one of these axes is oriented at an angle α to the edge a. Applying a certain potential difference to the upper and lower end faces of the plate causes the appearance of longitudinal and transverse components of the internal electric current. The paper demonstrates the possibility of transforming the magnitude of the electric current and a way to optimize this magnitude. The transformation coefficient of such a device is determined by the anisotropy of the electrical conductivity of the plate and the coefficient of its shape k = a/b. The authors consider a few versions of anisotropic dielectric transformer design and offer their equivalent electric circuits. Another suggested transformer design is spiral in shape, compact and is characterized by high transformation coefficient value n. For example, at external radius r1 = 12,5 mm, internal radius r2 = 2 mm, height b = 2 mm and plate thickness c = 2,0 mm, its transformation coefficient n = 103. The information is given on existing monocrystalline and artificial anisotropic materials that can be used for the proposed device. High-temperature superconducting materials characterized by a high value of residual resistance anisotropy hold special promise in this case. Using the described transformation effect will significantly expand the possibilities of practical application of the considered electroohmic phenomenon. This will lead to the emergence of a new generation of devices for microwave technology, electronics and power engineering.

scholarly journals The Phenomenon of Electroohmic Transformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-748
Author(s):  
M.Y. Derevianchuk ◽  
A.A. Аshcheulov ◽  
D.A. Lavreniuk
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Measurement Technology ◽  
Transformation Coefficient ◽  
Plate Material ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Conductive Medium ◽  
Side Face ◽  
Geometrical Factors ◽  
Crystallographic Axes

Peculiarities of electric current distribution in an anisotropic electrically conductive medium are considered and dependences of its longitudinal and transverse components on geometrical factors are established. In the case of a rectangular plate of length a, height b, and width c, the selected crystallographic axes are located in the plane of the side face (a × b), and one of these axes is oriented at an angle α to the edge α. Application to the upper and lower end faces of the plate of some potential difference leads to the appearance of longitudinal and transverse components of the flowing electric current.  This leads to the possibility of transforming the electric current magnitude. The methods of optimizing the transformation coefficient magnitude which is determined by both the magnitude of the anisotropy of the electrical conductivity of the plate material and the coefficient of its shape k = a/b. The design variants of anisotropic electrically conductive transformers are proposed. The use of this transformation effect makes it possible to expand the practical use of electroohmic phenomena. This principle of transformation will expand the areas of its use in metrology and measurement technology.

scholarly journals Designing a new generation of expression toolkits for engineering of green microalgae; robust production of human interleukin-2

Bioimpacts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-268
Author(s):  
Jaber Dehghani ◽  
Khosro Adibkia ◽  
Ali Movafeghi ◽  
Mohammad M. Pourseif ◽  
Yadollah Omidi
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Proteins ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Unstable Gene ◽  
Protein Synthesis Machinery ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Transformation ◽  
New Generation

Introduction: Attributable to some critical features especially the similarity of the protein synthesis machinery between humans and microalgae, these microorganisms can be utilized for the expression of many recombinant proteins. However, low and unstable gene expression levels prevent the further development of microalgae biotechnology towards protein production. Methods: Here, we designed a novel "Gained Agrobacterium-2A plasmid for microalgae expression" (named GAME plasmid) for the production of the human interleukin-2 using three model microalgae, including Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella vulgaris, and Dunaliella salina. The GAME plasmid harbors a native chimeric hsp70/Int-1/rbcS2 promoter, the microalgae specific Kozak sequence, a novel hybrid 2A peptide, and Int-1 and Int-3 of the rbcS2 gene in its expression cassette. Results: The obtained data confirmed that the GAME plasmid can transform the microalgae with high transformation frequency. Molecular and proteomic analyses revealed the stable and robust production of the hIL-2 by the GAME plasmid in the microalgae. According to the densimetric analysis, the microalgae can accumulate the produced protein about 0.94% of the total soluble protein content. The ELISA data confirmed that the produced hIL-2 possesses the same conformation pattern with the acceptable biological activity found naturally in humans. Conclusion: Most therapeutic proteins need post-translational modifications for their correct conformation, biological function, and half-life. Accordingly, microalgae could be considered as a cost-effective and more powerful platform for the production of a wide range of recombinant proteins such as antibodies, enzymes, hormones, and vaccines.

Dynamic Analysis of a Motion Transformer Mimicking a Hula Hoop

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. X. Lu ◽  
C. C. Wang ◽  
C. K. Sung ◽  
Paul C. P. Chao
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Homotopy Perturbation Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energy Scavenging ◽  
Electric Circuits ◽  
Main Mass ◽  
Transformer Design ◽  
Varied System ◽  
Steady State Solutions ◽  
Lagrange’S Method

Hula-hoop motion refers to the spinning of a ring around a human body; it is made possible by the interactive force between the moving ring and the body. Inspired by the generic concept of hula-hoop motion, this study proposes a novel motion transformer design that consists of a main mass sprung in one translational direction and a free-moving mass attached at one end of a rod, the other end of which is hinged onto the center of the main mass. It is expected that the transformer is capable of transforming linear reciprocating motion into rotational motion. In addition, the transformer could be integrated with coils, magnets, and electric circuits to form a portable energy scavenging device. A thorough dynamic analysis of the proposed transformer system is conducted in this study in order to characterize the relationships between the varied system parameters and the chance of hula-hoop motion occurrence. The governing equations are first derived by using Lagrange’s Method, which is followed by the search for steady-state solutions and the corresponding stability analysis via the homotopy perturbation method and Floquet theory. Direct numerical simulation is simultaneously performed to verify the correctness of the approximate analysis. In this manner, the feasibility of the proposed design and the occurrence criteria of hula-hoop motion are assessed.

scholarly journals Joule Thief Sebagai Boost Converter Daya LED Menggunakan Sel Volta Berbasis Air Laut

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Anwar Mujadin ◽  
Suci Rahmatia
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Boost Converter ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Electric Circuits ◽  
Led Lights

<p><em>Abstrak – </em><strong>Joule-Thief adalah salah satu rangkaian listrik  untuk konservasi  energi dengan menggunakan teknis medan elektromagnetik arus transien pada sebuah coil. Sirkuit ini dioperasikan menggunakan  sebuah MOSFET sebagai saklar untuk meregenerasi  tegangan dan arus listrik dalam satuan waktu kemudian disalurkan pada beban light emitting diode (LED). Dari hasil eksperimental,  sel volta berbasis air laut dengan tegangan jepit 0.8V mampu mengaktifkan lampu LED dengan konfigurasi rangkaian serial. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa power transfer maksimum dari sirkuit Joule-thief sangat efektif sebagai pemasok daya beban 60 LED.</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong><em>Kata Kunci </em></strong><em>- <strong> </strong>Joule Thief, Boost Converter Daya LED, Sel Volta Berbasis Air Laut<strong></strong></em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Abstract –</em> <strong>Joule-Thief is one of the electric circuits for conservation energy by using electromagnetic field trancient current in a coil. This circuit is operated using a MOSFET as a switch to regenerating the voltage and current flowing along the coil. The electric current accumulates in the coil then in unity of time will be supplied to the light emitting diode (LED) load. From experimental results, water sea voltaic cells based with 0.8V clamp voltage are able to activate LED lights in serial circuit configurations. The results shown that power transfer joule-thief circuit is very effective capable of supplying LED up to 60 LEDs.</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords </em></strong><em>- Joule Thief, </em><em>Boost Converter Power LED</em><em>, </em><em>Sea-Based Voltaic Cells</em><em></em></p>

scholarly journals Electric current diagnostics in the magnetosphere of neutron stars

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (S291) ◽  
pp. 505-507
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Stepanov ◽  
Valery V. Zaitsev
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Neutron Stars ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Parametric Resonance ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Electric Circuits ◽  
Coronal Seismology ◽  
Maximum Current

AbstractActive neutron stars – SGRs, reveal the high-quality QPOs at the ‘pulsating tail’ phase. We suggest diagnostics of the trapped fireball plasma, the source of high-frequency pulsations, using coronal seismology. The trapped fireball is represented as a set of current-carrying loops - equivalent of electric circuits. Our approach gives the following magnetosphere parameters in SGRs: an electric current of (2−8) × 1019 A, magnetic field of (0.6−2.7) × 1013 G, and electrons density of (1.3−6.0) × 1016 cm−3. We show high-frequency QPOs can be self-excited for a smaller electric current than the maximum current and/or due to the parametric resonance.

scholarly journals Hydrodynamically enhanced electrochemical mass transfer on the surface of an electrically conductive droplet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kharicha ◽  
E. Karimi-Sibaki ◽  
A. Vakhrushev ◽  
M. Wu ◽  
A. Ludwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Electric Current Density ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Electrolyte Interface ◽  
Current Flows

AbstractA fully coupled model is proposed to investigate the influence of flow on electrochemical mass transfer at the interface between the electrolyte and an electrically conductive droplet. The electric current flows through the droplet, and consequently the droplet acts as both anode and cathode. Computations of flow, concentration of reactant, and electric current density fields were carried out. Various droplet sizes (0.5, 2, 4 mm) under different flow regimes considering Reynolds number (Re = 0.2, 2, 20, 40 and 80) were investigated. An iterative numerical method is proposed to determine the concentration of reactant and electric current density at droplet-electrolyte interface considering the reaction kinetics (Butler-Volmer) formula and the diffusion-advection of the reactant through the hydrodynamic boundary layer around the droplet. With the increase of Reynolds number, the amount of electric current density which flows through the droplet increases. It is found that the mass transfer at droplet-electrolyte interface is controlled by reaction kinetics for the small droplet (0.5 mm). However, the diffusion of the reactant governs the efficiency of mass transfer with the increase of the droplet size (2 and 4 mm). With the increase of Reynolds number, the anodic area on the surface of droplet is enlarged.

Microscopic Electrical Conductivity of Nanodiamonds after Thermal and Plasma Treatments

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (16) ◽  
pp. 1105-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Čermák ◽  
Halyna Kozak ◽  
Štěpán Stehlík ◽  
Vladimír Švrček ◽  
Vincent Pichot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Amorphous Carbon ◽  
Rf Plasma ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Plasma Treatments ◽  
Hydrogenated Amorphous

ABSTRACTAtomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to measure local electrical conductivity of HPHT nanodiamonds (NDs) dispersed on Au substrate in the as-received state and after thermal or plasma treatments. Oxygen-treated NDs are highly electrically resistive, whereas on hydrogen-treated NDs electric current around -200 pA at -2 V is detected. The as-received NDs as well as NDs after an underwater radio-frequency (RF) plasma or laser irradiation (LI) treatments contain both electrically conductive (two types: highly and weakly conductive) and highly resistive particles. The higher conductivity is attributed to H-terminated (RF) or graphitized (LI) NDs. The lower conductivity is attributed to NDs with hydrogenated amorphous carbon shell.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document