EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE PROCESS OF CUTTING THE HEAD OF CHICORY ROOTS

Reducing the energy consumption of the technological process of harvesting the main mass of chicory root buds is provided by developing, justifying the parameters and the use of advanced hooking modules. According to the results of field planned factor experiments, a regression equation is obtained, which characterizes the change in the cutting length of root heads from the initial speed of the knife, which is mounted rigidly on the pendulum of the copra at an angle to the direction of knife movement. The results of the study are the prerequisites for the development and improvement of methodology and methods of calculation and justification of rational structural and kinematic parameters of the working bodies of hook-harvesting modules of root-harvesting machines.Kеу wоrds: pendulum copier, hard knife, cutting length, knife speed, knife mounting angle, regression equation.

Mineralogy of Dolomite Carbonatites of Sevathur Complex, Tamil Nadu, India

The main mass of the Sevathur carbonatite complex (Tamil Nadu, India) consists of dolomite carbonatite with a small number of ankerite carbonatite dikes. Calcite carbonatite occurs in a very minor amount as thin veins within the dolomite carbonatite. The age (207Pb/204Pb) of the Sevathur carbonatites is 801 ± 11 Ma, they are emplaced within the Precambrian granulite terrains along NE–SW trending fault systems. Minor minerals in dolomite carbonatite are fluorapatite, phlogopite (with a kinoshitalite component), amphibole and magnetite. Pyrochlore (rich in UO2), monazite-Ce, and barite are accessory minerals. Dolomite carbonatite at the Sevathur complex contains norsethite, calcioburbankite, and benstonite as inclusions in primary calcite and are interpreted as primary minerals. They are indicative of Na, Sr, Mg, Ba, and LREE enrichment in their parental carbonatitic magma. Norsethite, calcioburbankite, and benstonite have not been previously known at Sevathur. The hydrothermal processes at the Sevathur carbonatites lead to alteration of pyrochlore into hydropyrochlore, and Ba-enrichment. Also, it leads to formation of monazite-(Ce) and barite-II.

Band gap analysis of a three-mass locally resonant structure

A mass in a mass locally resonant system has been studied using a numerical and analytical method. This study is performed to compute the band gap and transmission coefficient of a mass–spring locally resonant system. A locally resonant structure is a periodic structure which exhibits negative effective properties in a certain frequency band and reveals band gaps below Bragg’s frequency. In this work, two substructures are attached with main mass so that the system will act as two masses in a mass system. It is found that the presented structure shows two band gaps below 500 Hz with negative effective properties. Addition of a third substructure with the main mass provides an additional band gap at low frequency. The position and width of band gaps can be tuned by changing the values of masses and stiffness.

Początki nowoczesnej japońskiej literatury dziecięcej

The beginnings of contemporary Japanese children’s literature In Poland, despite the fact that Japanese literature is very thoroughly researched, described and translated, the section of literature dedicated to children (jidōbungaku), for years remained neglected and marginalized. As a result, it is an area completely undiscovered and unexplored. At the beginning of the article, the key role of education and its development in modernizing Japan is presented. Then, the literature of the first twenty years of the Meiji period (1868–1888) is outlined together with introduction of main mass-published magazines on children’s literature. Among them, it was the periodical “Shōnen sekai” that played an epochal role, so its activity and involvement in shaping the children’s literature of the Meiji period are discussed in detail. In the following chapters, the silhouette of Iwaya Sazanami is presented together with his representative work – a fairy tale (otogibanashi) entitled Koganemaru (boy’s name). This is because Koganemaru is considered the most important turning point in the difficult course of systematising children’s literature in modernizing Japan. This article, probably innovative, by examining the beginnings and the process of almost 40 years of emerging of Japanese children’s literature, will fill an important gap in the study of Japanese literature in Poland and maybe become an essential starting point for its development.

Stability of Alum-Containing Paper under Alkaline Conditions

The present contribution evaluates the methods of degradation and stabilization of alum-containing paper with a focus on the alkaline environment achieved by deacidification procedures. In terms of reviewed subjects, the contribution focuses on alum-rosin sized paper, which is still used as a carrier of knowledge and information; however, it also mentions cellulose itself and other brands of paper. The contribution summarizes the results on the homogeneity of the distribution of alum and rosin in the paper mass and on the paper surface. It provides the knowledge gained in the field of alkaline hydrolysis and oxidation with special regard to transition metal species. It shows the values of alkaline reserves achieved in the main mass-deacidification processes. On the basis of the acquired knowledge, the contribution emphasizes the procedures of paper stabilization. Criteria of “increased mechanical permanence and lifetime prolongation” adopted to evaluate and compare the efficacy of individual mass-deacidification processes were applied and corresponding data are introduced. The contribution also draws attention to the existence of open issues in the area of paper degradation and stabilization.

Origin and formation of Metabreccia in the Parkin Offset Dike, Sudbury impact structure, Canada

The 1.85 Ga Sudbury impact structure is considered a remnant of a peak-ring or multi-ring basin with an estimated original diameter of 150 to 200 km. The Offset Dikes are radial and concentric dikes around the Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC) and are composed of the so-called inclusion-rich Quartz Diorite (IQD) and inclusion-poor Quartz Diorite (QD), and in some Offset Dikes, Metabreccia (MTBX). We carried out a detailed field and analytical investigation of MTBX from the Parkin Offset Dike in the North Range of the Sudbury structure. Our observations suggest that MTBX represents impact breccia that originally formed underneath the Main Mass of the SIC and that was subsequently contact-metamorphosed and entrained during the emplacement of the Parkin Offset Dike. The MTBX bears no resemblance to the QD and IQD in which it is hosted, but it does share many similarities with Footwall Breccia (FWBX), suggesting that the two shared a similar initial origin. A genetic relationship between MTBX and FWBX is also supported by whole rock geochemical analyses.

Energy Harvesting for System of Coupled Oscillators Under External Excitation in the Vicinity of Resonance 1:1

Vibration energy is abundantly present in many natural and artificial systems and can be assembled by various devices, mainly employing the benefits of the piezo-electric and electromagnetic phenomena. In the present article, the electromechanical system with two degrees-of-freedom is considered. An additional element (dynamical vibration absorber or DVA) is attached to the main mass, whose vibrations are to be reduced. The DVA consists of a spring, damping, and piezo-electric elements for energy harvesting. The goal is to reduce the maximal possible responses of the main structure at the vicinity of external 1:1 resonance and at the same time collect energy from the vibration of the system. An analytical approach is proposed to find the solution of the problem. We show that the piezo-electric element allows effective energy harvesting and at the same has a very limited influence on reducing the amplitude of oscillations of the main mass. The theoretical results are confirmed by numerical experiments.

Low-energy electrons in Saturn’s inner magnetosphere from the Cassini Langmuir Probe

<p>It is known that Enceladus is one of the main mass sources in Saturn’s inner magnetosphere, with other bodies – e.g. Dione, Tethys, Saturn’s rings and atmosphere – thought to play a smaller role. In this study we analysed electron density and temperature as estimated from Cassini’s Langmuir Probe (LP) for the entire duration of the Cassini mission (August 2004 – September 2017).  The main motivation for this work is to understand the impact of Enceladus as a main mass source and search for evidence of additional sources.  We also have been investigating the impact of the spacecraft-plasma interaction, and illumination conditions on the LP current-voltage curves and henceforth on the bulk electron parameters.</p> <p>One particular facet of this work is the discrimination of spacecraft-generated photoelectrons in the current-voltage curves so that they can be excluded from further analysis of the ambient magnetospheric electrons.  To develop a robust algorithm to identify photoelectrons we have been working with data during transitions in and out of shadow caused by two main events: i) when the LP is shadowed by the spacecraft, or ii) during eclipses by Saturn or its moons.</p> <p>With a cleaned data set we focused on analysing data within 0.5R<sub>S</sub> of the Kronian in the inner magnetosphere (r<7R<sub>S</sub>). We compared our data with the hybrid power-law model, as described in Persoon et al. (2013, JGR), that used the electron densities estimated from the upper hybrid resonance frequency. We also looked for local time asymmetries in electrons, as reported in ion plasma in the same region (e.g. Holmberg et al., 2007, GRL).</p>

Mass Media and Education

This study mainly aims to analyze the relationship between mass media and education. The introduction part presents a brief explanation of what communication, mass communication, mass media television and radio, the internet, social media, and Whatsapp. In the second part, the use of those media tools in education and their effects on people's behaviors are discussed. In the following part, the relationship between mass media and education, the role of mass media in education, and also the educator, teacher, and administration roles are explained. Corporate communication in education and its importance are emphasized, and finally, negative and positive effects of main mass media on shaping behaviors of the target audience are discussed.