The migration behavior of Np(V) in sandy soil and granite media in the presence of humic substances

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (9-11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Sakamoto ◽  
S. Nagao ◽  
H. Ogawa ◽  
R.R. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Migration Behavior ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Sorption Ability ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Underground Research Laboratory ◽  
Molecular Size Distribution

Migration behavior of Np(V) in sandy soil and granite media was studied in the presence of humic substances using a column method. Two kinds of naturally occurring fulvics were isolated from groundwater at the Chalk River Laboratories of AECL (hereafter, CRL-fulvics) and at the Underground Research Laboratory of AECL (hereafter, URL-fulvics). The commercial humics from Aldrich Co. (hereafter, Aldrich-humics) was also used to compare the influence of humics from different origin on the migration behavior of Np(V). The dominant molecular size of these humic substances was under 5,000 daltons for the fulvics, and in the range from 30,000 to 100,000 daltons for Aldrich-humics. An enhanced elution of Np(V) from the sandy soil column under coexistence of CRL-fulvics at 20 mg/L was observed in comparison with the studies in the absence of humic substances. On the other hand, Np(V) under coexistence of Aldrich-humics was retarded. The difference in the effects of the humic substances on the migration behavior of Np(V) may be caused by the difference in the molecular size distribution of the humic substances. That is, the CRL-fulvics, being smaller in size, has lower sorption ability on the sandy soil than the Aldrich-humics, and thereby Np-fulvics complexes may be able to easily migrate through the sandy soil column. In the case of granite column experiments, again an enhanced elution of Np(V) under the coexistence of URL-fulvics was found and this observation was similar to that found with the CRL-fulvics. From these observations, it is likely that the migration behavior of Np(V) is influenced by the presence of humic substances.

Molecular size distribution of soil humic substances with ionic strength

1989 ◽  
Vol 81-82 ◽  
pp. 471-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ceccanti ◽  
M. Calcinai ◽  
M. Bonmati-Pont ◽  
C. Ciardi ◽  
R. Tarsitano
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Molecular Size Distribution

Determination of the Size Distribution of Dissolved Organics in Effluents

1973 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Addie ◽  
K.L. Murphy ◽  
J.L. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Clean Surface ◽  
Sephadex Column ◽  
Dissolved Organics ◽  
Molecular Size Distribution

Abstract The importance of removing the small amounts of residual organics is increasing as the sources of clean surface water decrease. Knowledge of the nature of these soluble residual organics will be needed in order to assess the type of treatment required for their removal. Residual organics in three different biological treatment plants were analyzed and compared. An attempt was made to characterize these organics by a molecular size distribution on a Sephadex column monitored by differential ultraviolet and refractive index detectors. The organic carbon and chemical oxygen demand of the fractions collected from the column was also determined. An investigation of some of the problems inherent in the monitoring systems was conducted.

scholarly journals Carbon Isotope Fractionation during the Formation of CO2 Hydrate and Equilibrium Pressures of 12CO2 and 13CO2 Hydrates

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4215
Author(s):  
Hiromi Kimura ◽  
Go Fuseya ◽  
Satoshi Takeya ◽  
Akihiro Hachikubo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Small Difference ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Formation Temperature ◽  
Carbon Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Unit Cell Size ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
The Difference

Knowledge of carbon isotope fractionation is needed in order to discuss the formation and dissociation of naturally occurring CO2 hydrates. We investigated carbon isotope fractionation during CO2 hydrate formation and measured the three-phase equilibria of 12CO2–H2O and 13CO2–H2O systems. From a crystal structure viewpoint, the difference in the Raman spectra of hydrate-bound 12CO2 and 13CO2 was revealed, although their unit cell size was similar. The δ13C of hydrate-bound CO2 was lower than that of the residual CO2 (1.0–1.5‰) in a formation temperature ranging between 226 K and 278 K. The results show that the small difference between equilibrium pressures of ~0.01 MPa in 12CO2 and 13CO2 hydrates causes carbon isotope fractionation of ~1‰. However, the difference between equilibrium pressures in the 12CO2–H2O and 13CO2–H2O systems was smaller than the standard uncertainties of measurement; more accurate pressure measurement is required for quantitative discussion.

scholarly journals Chemical Structure and Biological Activity of Humic Substances Define Their Role as Plant Growth Promoters

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2256
Author(s):  
Serenella Nardi ◽  
Michela Schiavon ◽  
Ornella Francioso
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Intracellular Signals ◽  
Key Functional Groups ◽  
Regulatory Functions

Humic substances (HS) are dominant components of soil organic matter and are recognized as natural, effective growth promoters to be used in sustainable agriculture. In recent years, many efforts have been made to get insights on the relationship between HS chemical structure and their biological activity in plants using combinatory approaches. Relevant results highlight the existence of key functional groups in HS that might trigger positive local and systemic physiological responses via a complex network of hormone-like signaling pathways. The biological activity of HS finely relies on their dosage, origin, molecular size, degree of hydrophobicity and aromaticity, and spatial distribution of hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains. The molecular size of HS also impacts their mode of action in plants, as low molecular size HS can enter the root cells and directly elicit intracellular signals, while high molecular size HS bind to external cell receptors to induce molecular responses. Main targets of HS in plants are nutrient transporters, plasma membrane H+-ATPases, hormone routes, genes/enzymes involved in nitrogen assimilation, cell division, and development. This review aims to give a detailed survey of the mechanisms associated to the growth regulatory functions of HS in view of their use in sustainable technologies.

scholarly journals Changes in the soil hydrophobicity and structure of humic substances in sandy soil taken out of cultivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 107554
Author(s):  
Lilla Mielnik ◽  
Edyta Hewelke ◽  
Jerzy Weber ◽  
Lidia Oktaba ◽  
Jerzy Jonczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Soil Hydrophobicity
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