The Authoritarian Spectrum Through the Prism of Individualism/Collectivism

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-68
Author(s):  
Ben Ahmed Hougua ◽  
El Amine Rachid ◽  
Siyouri Hind
Keyword(s):  
Professional Socialization ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Political Work ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
General Configuration

The general orientation to authority in Moroccan society is associated with dynamics that characterize it at the basic social level. Respect for authority tends to take the form of a syndrome forged in the sphere of convergent styles of family, pedagogical, and professional socialization, before being expressed as political loyalty. This articulation is at the very heart of the theory of congruence developed by Harry Eickstein, and recently taken up by other political scientists. The main idea put forward by the proponents of this theory is that the stability of the government is brought to bear when the models of authority on which it rests enjoy social fascination. The purpose of this article is to study the relationship between respect for authority in the three spheres of social and political work based on World Values Survey (WVS) data on Moroccan society (N = 3651) including the family, workplace, and political world. The examination of the general configuration of the orientation to authority is parameterized according to the individualistic and collectivist profiles constructed in the WVS database, as categorical variables.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN REGIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FOR THE HANDLING OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Yurispruden ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Fahrul Abrori
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship

 ABSTRAKPandemi Covid-19 yang terjadi di Indonesia membuat pemerintah membuat kebijakan-kebijakan sebagai stimulus untuk menjaga kestabilan masyarakat dan perekonomian. Pemerintah pusat memberikan kewenangan kepada pemerintah daerah untuk mengelola keuangan daerah untuk menangani covid-19 di daerah masing-masing. Hal ini disebabkan karena pemerintah daerah lebih memahami kebutuhan daerahnya. Permasalahan yang diangkat Pertama, bagaimana hubungan Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah dalam pengelolaan keuangan untuk penanganan pandemi Covid-19? Kedua, Apa peran Pemerintah Daerah dalam pengelolaan keuangan daerah untuk penanganan pandemi Covid-19? Menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konsep. Hubungan Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah dalam Pengelolaan Keuangan untuk Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19 yaitu desentralisasi fiskal yang mana. Peran Pemerintah Daerah dalam Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah untuk Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19 yaitu dengan melakukan refocusing kegiatan, realokasi anggaran, dan Penggunaan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah.Kata kunci: Pemerintah Daerah, Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah, Pandemi Covid-19 ABSTRACTThe Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia led the government to make policies as a stimulus to maintain the stability of society and the economy. The central government authorizes local governments to manage local finances to deal with covid-19 in their respective regions. This is because the local government better understands the needs of the region. The issue raised first, how is the relationship between the Central Government and Local Government in financial management for the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic? Second, What is the role of local governments in regional financial management for the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic? Using normative juridical research methods with statutory approaches and concept approaches. The relationship between the Central Government and Local Government in Financial Management for the Handling of the Covid-19 Pandemic is fiscal decentralization. The role of local governments in regional financial management for the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic is by refocusing activities, reallocating budgets, and using regional budgets.Keywords: Local Government, Regional Financial Management, Covid-19 Pandemic

scholarly journals Negotiating Positive Non-interventionism: Regulating Hong Kong's Finance Companies, 1976–1986

2017 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 348-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine R. Schenk
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Financial Centre ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Banking Structure ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distinctive Role

AbstractSince colonial times to the present day, Hong Kong's position as a global financial centre is one of the enduring economic strengths of the territory. This success is often attributed to the distinctive role of the state, coined in the 1970s by the-then financial secretary, Sir Philip Haddon-Cave, as “positive non-interventionism.” The relationship between the market and the state has also been characterized as a form of corporatism, particularly in the financial sector as bankers were able to influence policy. However, closer examination of the behind-the-scenes relations between bankers and the state reveals a much more complex relationship, with the banks seeking protection that the government was not willing to provide. Moreover, the reluctance to regulate financial markets resulted in piecemeal interventions and weak implementation that undermined the stability of this sector and of the economy as a whole. This paper demonstrates the confusion over the concept and practicalities of positive non-interventionism, even for Haddon-Cave, and how the concept evolved towards a policy of “when in doubt, do nothing” during a period of financial instability. Along the way, the paper presents new evidence about the origins of Hong Kong's current banking structure.

scholarly journals The economic-political concept of Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia: reflection on the early Islamic thoughts

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Nafis Irkhami
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Hizbut Tahrir (The Party of Liberation) is an international pan-Islamic politica<br />l organization. Its goal is to unify all Muslim countries as an Islamic state<br />(caliphate) ruled by shariah. They argued that caliphate and Islamic law should<br />not be separated. Without a caliphate, the sharia application will never be<br />totally accomplished. Factually, these grand themes constitute the global discourse<br />applied by Hizbut Tahrir movements around the world. It becomes<br />the main idea that links their global ideological ground and commonality.<br />Hizbut Tahrir (HT) entered into Indonesia in 1982, through M. Mustofa and<br />Abdurrahman al-Baghdadi. As in another countries, HT got repression from<br />the government. Using a momentum of the reformation era, Hizbut Tahrir<br />Indonesia (HTI) begin to socialize its ideas openly. Even in 2000, they have<br />registered its organization at the Ministry of Domestic Affairs.<br />This study aims to scrutinize the ideas of HTI thinking about political economy,<br />which is devoted to the theory about the relationship between religion, state<br />and economy, as well as the construction of public finances. This study is<br />intended as a historical study of Islamic economic thought. The discourse of<br />the study focuses on three questions. First, how does HTI grow in Indonesia,<br />and why does they flourish? Second, what are the relationship between the religion, the state and the economy according to them? Finally, how is the<br />structure of HTI’s public finances?<br />This qualitative study was an exploratory-analysis. It was intended to analyze<br />key concepts in a plantation of thought that has been documented, both<br />from primary and secondary sources. It is a library research. The sources of<br />the research are in the form of HTI’s works which have been well documented<br />in a large numbers, including in the Pdf formats. The study found that HTI<br />tended to see every current economic problem by reflecting it into the cultural<br />heritage of the past. Related to this, the slogan that they have always<br />been shouted was “Sharia is the only solution.” From this philosophy it can<br />be estimated that HTI’s thoughts of Islamic public finance, will face the problem<br />of contextualization.<br />Hizbut Tahrir (Partai Kemerdekaan) adalah sebuah gerakan politik Islam<br />internasional. Tujuannya adalah untuk menjadikan negara-negara Muslim dalam<br />satu kepemimpinan negara Khilafah yang diatur dengan syariah. Mereka<br />berpendapat bahwa kekhalifahan dan hukum Islam tidak dapat dipisahkan.<br />Tanpa Negara khilafah, syariah tidak dapat diterapkan dengan sempurna.<br />Gagasan utama inilah yang diusung oleh Hizbut Tahrir di seluruh dunia. Gagasan<br />pokok itulah yang mempertemukan idiologi dan pergerakan mereka. Hizbut<br />Tahrir masuk ke Indonesia pada tahun 1982 melalui M. Mustofa dan<br />Abdurrahman al-Bagdadi. Sebagaimana di negara-negara lain, HT mendapat<br />tekanan dari pemerintah. Dengan memanfaatkan momentum era reformasi,<br />HTI mulai mensosialisasikan ide-idenya secara terbuka. Bahkan pada tahun<br />2000 mereka telah mendaftarkan dirinya sebagai organisasi resmi di Depdagri<br />Ditjen Kesatuan Bangsa.<br />Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap gagasan pemikiran HTI tentang<br />ekonomi politik, khususnya mengenai teori hubungan antara agama, negara<br />dan perekonomian, serta mengenai konstruksi keuangan publik. Kajian ini<br />dimaksudkan sebagai studi historis tentang pemikiran ekonomi Islam. Pokok<br />masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: Pertama, bagaimana HTI tumbuh dan<br />berkembang di Indonesia. Kedua, bagaimanakah hubungan antara agama,<br />Negara dan perekonomian menurut mereka. Ketiga, bagaimanakah struktur<br />keuangan public menurut HTI?<br />Kajian kualitatif ini bersifat eksploratif-analisis, yakni dimaksudkan untuk mengurai dan menganalisa secara mendalam mengenai konsep-konsep kunci<br />dalam pemikiran HTI yang telah terdokumentasikan, baik dari sumber primer<br />maupun sekunder. Berdasar sifatnya, penelitian ini termasuk library research, di<br />mana bahan dan sumber data penelitian ini berupa karya-karya dari tokohtokoh<br />HTI yang telah terdokumentasikan dengan baik dalam jumlah besar,<br />termasuk dalam format Pdf. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa HTI cenderung<br />melihat segala persoalan ekonomi saat ini dengan merefleksikannya pada warisan<br />budaya masa lalu. Terkait dengan hal ini, slogan yang selalu mereka teriakkan<br />adalah “Syariah adalah satu-satunya solusi.” Dari cara berfikir ini dapat diperkirakan<br />bila pemikiran-pemikiran keuangan publik HTI akan menghadapi problem<br />kontektualitas.

scholarly journals The influence of the ascriptive statuses at the intensity of students’ educational practices

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Р. І. Борисов ◽  
І. І. Шеремет
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Professional Socialization ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Educational Practices ◽  
Demographic Group ◽  
The Family ◽  
Education Of Students ◽  
The Relationship

The article deals with the influence of the Ukrainian students’ ascriptive statuses on the course of their professionalsocialization. There are are students’ status positions, educational dispositions and the content and focus of theeducational process among the factors of professional socialization. The ascriptive statuses are considered as socialindicators which may restrict the access of the students to the tertiary education. A number of ascriptive statuses,which may have the restrictive influence, are identified, among which are the sex, the economic and cultural capitalof the family, place of living before the admission to higher education. It was listed the signs of student heterogeneityas a socio-demographic group. The education of students in higher education institutions is considered with the prismof acquiring the competences obtained as a result of the implementation of educational practices. The professionalsocialization is considered as the process of the acquisition of the professional competences during the process of theimplementation of the educational practices. The notion of the professional practice is applied from the standpointof P. Bourdieu’s Constructivist Structuralism and is defined as routineized unconscious acts which are repeated intime and are aimed at the realization of the strategy of the achieving the goal within a certain sphere of social reality.The authors refer to the results of a quantitative survey of Ukrainian students to determine the degree of influence ofascriptive statuses on the process of professional socialization in universities. The relationship between the intensity ofeducational practices contributing to the learning process and academic achievement is analyzed. The existence andhierarchy of educational practices from the point of view of their effectiveness is identified and characterized. Theconclusion is made that there is a significant impact of the set of the students’ ascriptive statuses on the course of theprofessional socialization. As a result the cultural capital of a family of students has the highest “capital intensivity” incomparison with other ascriptive statuses.

The Effect of Copper Price Shock on the Relationship between Government Revenue and Expenditure: Testing the Fiscal Stability Law of Mongolia

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Ariungerel Bayarsaikhan
Keyword(s):  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Copper Price ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
Price Shock ◽  
Strong Causality ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Auto Regression

This study empirically investigates the relationship between government revenue, government expenditure and the copper price in Mongolia, a resource abundant country. Using quarterly data of government revenue, expenditure and international copper price from 2000 to 2015, the results of auto regression (VAR) show that there is a strong causality from revenue to expenditure, while increase in expenditure, most likely, is not accompanied by rises in revenue. This result is consistent with the revenue-spent hypothesis. Moreover, the result also indicates that copper price shock increases revenue, but decreases expenditure. This finding supports the assumption that the Mongolian government follows its Fiscal Stability Law, a strategy that intends to maintain the stability and sustainability of the government budget.

scholarly journals Powerful Custom, Dominated Country: Domination of functionary Custom over Village Government in Kerinci

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
Rio Yusri Maulana ◽  
Makmun Wahid ◽  
Dori Efendi ◽  
Moh. Arif Rakhman ◽  
M. Yusuf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
The State ◽  
New Order ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Interesting Phenomenon ◽  
The Government ◽  
Village Government ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship

The discussion on the power relationship between the state and adat or customs is always exciting because although adat is most likely getting tension from the state through various regulations, it keeps signifying its existence. An interesting phenomenon that happened after the downfall of the New Order regime and the expansion of the Regional Autonomy System’s implementation was adat power’s reappearance at the local level. For instance, Adat Functionary in the Kerinci Regency signified their dominance over the village government. The studies about the relationship between adat and the state tend to put adat as an identity and spirit for gaining support, power, and fund also tools to deal with the government. This study begins with the fact that adat is dominant over the village government in decision-making. This study found in the Kerinci regency obtained a new government structure by the returning of adat power in governance, and affected the stability of the village administration, also used it as the solidarity mechanism of the community in Kerinci Regency to resolve various conflicts. Thus, the meaning of domination, which is commonly interpreted as something negative, is turning out to be a contrary one since it makes the community more solid through adat.

scholarly journals “His Wife Has Married...”: To the Problem of the Fate of Soldiers’ Wives in the 17th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-58
Author(s):  
Varvara Vovina-Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Her Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Peasant Family ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

Introduction. The article deals with one important problem in the history of the 17th-century peasant family: the relationship between a woman and her family, as well as the family of her husband, in cases when this peasant was taken to military service for a long time. Methods and materials. The article is based on unpublished materials of the description of the Shenkurskaya and Podvinskaya chetverts of Vazhskiy uyezd in 1665. The author explores different situations of taking peasants in soldiers and further interaction of the volost with the families of these soldiers. The fates of soldiers’ wives are a subject of special attention. Analysis and results. The paper considers various cases that are recorded in the census book: the case of soldier’s wife living in the same yard with relatives of her husband or with her own relatives, the case of soldier’s wife death, the case of “begging inside the parish”. One of these variants was a new marriage of the soldier’s wife. The cases when it took place after the death of the first husband were always recorded. We assume that numerous cases of women’s marriage without remarks of her first husband’s death reflect the practice of a cohabitation among the peasants, which was not consecrated by the church, but was actually recognized by the government and by volost residents.

scholarly journals Controle Acionário, Remuneração de Executivos e Desempenho Empresarial: Evidências para o Mercado Brasileiro

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
Marcelo Daniel Araujo Ermel ◽  
Paulo Aguiar Do Monte
Keyword(s):  
Family Firms ◽  
Econometric Analysis ◽  
Compensation Mechanisms ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

This paper aims to examine how the type of owner affects the relationship between compensation and performance in Brazilian companies in the period 2010 to 2013. First, the control in Brazil is still largely exercised by family firms, and that ownership is also concentrated, on average 65% of shares are held by the five largest shareholders. The econometric analysis showed that: The family and the government controlled companies remunerate their managers with a lower value in relation to other types of control; inferences about the influence of the controller in the institutional companies were not possible to make; and firms that don’t have a controller remunerate their manager with a higher amount of compensation. Finally, about performance, in any of the equations ROA was significant, demonstrating weak compensation mechanisms or manager's ability to determine their compensation.

Exploring the role of corruption and money laundering (ML) on banking profitability and stability: a study of Pakistan and Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qamar Uz Zaman ◽  
Kinza Aish ◽  
Waheed Akhter ◽  
Syed Anees Haidder Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Banking Stability ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address the effect of corruption and money laundering (ML) on banking profitability and stability. Design/methodology/approach This study uses the panel data of 72 banks of Pakistan and Malaysia from 2012–2018. This paper uses fixed effect (FE) and random effect (RE) regression techniques for empirical testing and generalized methods of moment (GMM) technique for robustness tests. Findings This study founds consistent evidence that corruption has a positive and ML has a negative relationship with the banking profitability of Pakistan and Malaysia while the empirical evidence suggests that corruption and ML have a diverse impact on the banking stability of Pakistan and Malaysia. Further, this paper also founds that corruption and ML moderates the relationship between risk and banking profitability and stability. Practical implications The results reveal that the banks of the highly corrupt environment are more affected by corruption and ML than the least corrupt environment. Thus, it is recommended that the Government of Pakistan should formulate strong anti-corruption and anti-money laundering policies. Originality/value As per the knowledge of the authors, this research contributes to understanding the role of corruption and money laundering on the stability and profitability of Pakistan and, in general, it is the first attempt investigating the moderating role of corruption and ML between risk and banking profitability and stability.

scholarly journals Perlindungan Hak Anak Dalam Perkawinan Poligami Di Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Nurul Aini
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Polygamous Marriage ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Husband And Wife

<p>The problem of polygamy is actually not only related to the relationship between husband and wife, but also concerns how children can still develop their potential. Some children's problems do not entirely become the responsibility of the family, but also the government. The purpose of this study is to describe the protection of children in polygamous marriage according to Muhammad Syahrur viewed from the perspective of Law No. 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection. This research belongs to normative juridical research using statute approach and conceptual approach. The results showed based on the hudûd theory of Muhammad Syahrur that Shahrur's thoughts on polygamy were in line with what the Indonesian government was trying to maintain and protect children's rights even though in the different forms. In addition, according to the researcher, it needs to be added regarding the cumulative requirements contained in Law No. 1 Number 1974 concerning Marriage as contained in Article 2 letter b and d of Law No. 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection as a condition for a husband to apply for polygamy.</p>Problematika poligami sebenarnya bukan terkait hubungan antara suami dan istri saja, tetapi juga menyangkut bagaimana anak tetap bisa mengembangkan potensinya. Sebagian persoalan anak memang tidak sepenuhnya menjadi tanggung jawab keluarga, tetapi juga pemerintah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan perlindungan anak dalam perkawinan poligami menurut Muhammad Syahrur ditinjau dari perspektif UU No. 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak. Penelitian ini tergolong penelitian yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan <em>statute approach</em> dan <em>conceptual approach</em>. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan berdasarkan teori <em>hudûd</em> Muhammad Syahrur bahwa pemikiran Syahrur tentang poligami tersebut sejalan dengan apa yang diupayakan pemerintah Indonesia untuk memelihara dan melindungi hak-hak anak meskipun dari bentuk dan perwujudannya berbeda. Selain itu, menurut peneliti perlu ditambahkan terkait persyaratan kumulatif yang terdapat dalam UU No. 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan sebagaimana yang terdapat dalam Pasal 2 huruf b dan d UU No. 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak sebagai syarat seorang suami akan mengajukan permohonan poligami.

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