Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Oxfeld
Keyword(s):  
Food System ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Food Practices ◽  
The Family ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
Insight Into

The conclusion asks how the ethnographic material in the book can shed new light on contemporary views of China, which often concentrate on the decimation of traditional culture and the headlong embrace of western ways and modernity. By using the lens of food, the book has presented a more complex picture. In rural China, food remains a potent means of fulfilling obligations to family and ancestors, and of forging social and emotional connections beyond the family. Food also connects past and present through reenactment of food practices and rituals. In this way food may diminish some of the sense of disruption felt by people living through rapid change. As such, food is a continuous bridge through both time and space. The chapter concludes by asking whether the findings of this book provide any insight into the potential for creating and maintaining a sustainable and meaningful food system in China.

A Review of Phytochemical and Pharmacological Studies of Inula Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-567
Author(s):  
Aparoop Das ◽  
Anshul Shakya ◽  
Surajit Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Udaya P. Singh ◽  
Hans R. Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Important Ingredient ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Perennial Herbs ◽  
Insight Into

Background: Plants of the genus Inula are perennial herbs of the family Asteraceae. This genus includes more than 100 species, widely distributed throughout Europe, Africa and Asia including India. Many of them are indicated in traditional medicine, e.g., in Ayurveda. This review explores chemical constituents, medicinal uses and pharmacological actions of Inula species. Methods: Major databases and research and review articles retrieved through Scopus, Web of Science, and Medline were consulted to obtain information on the pharmacological activities of the genus Inula published from 1994 to 2017. Results: Inula species are used either alone or as an important ingredient of various formulations to cure dysfunctions of the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, urinary system, central nervous system and digestive system, and for the treatment of asthma, diabetes, cancers, skin disorders, hepatic disease, fungal and bacterial infections. A range of phytochemicals including alkaloids, essential and volatile oils, flavonoids, terpenes, and lactones has been isolated from herbs of the genus Inula, which might possibly explain traditional uses of these plants. Conclusion: The present review is focused on chemical constituents, medicinal uses and pharmacological actions of Inula species and provides valuable insight into its medicinal potential.

scholarly journals Changes in Consumers’ Food Practices during the COVID-19 Lockdown, Implications for Diet Quality and the Food System: A Cross-Continental Comparison

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Blain Murphy ◽  
Tony Benson ◽  
Amanda McCloat ◽  
Elaine Mooney ◽  
Chris Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Food System ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Practices ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 has led to dramatic societal changes. Differing movement restrictions across countries have affected changes in consumers’ food practices, with a potentially detrimental impact on their health and food systems. To investigate this, this research explored changes in consumers’ food practices during the initial COVID-19 phase and assessed the impact of location on these changes. A sample of 2360 adults from three continents (Island of Ireland (IOI), Great Britain (GB), United States (USA), and New Zealand (NZ)) were recruited for a cross-sectional online survey (May–June 2020). Participants completed questions in relation to their cooking and food practices, diet quality, and COVID-19 food-related practices. Significant changes in consumers’ food practices during the pandemic were seen within and between regions, with fewer cooking practices changes found in the USA. Food practices, which may put added pressure on the food system, such as bulk buying, were seen across all regions. To prevent this, organisational food practices, including planning ahead, should be emphasized. Additionally, while positive cooking-related practices and increases in fruit and vegetable intake were found, an increase in saturated fat intake was also seen. With the additional pressure on individuals’ physical and mental health, the essentiality of maintaining a balanced diet should be promoted.

scholarly journals X-Ray Structure of 12-Oxophytodienoate Reductase 1 Provides Structural Insight into Substrate Binding and Specificity within the Family of OYE

Structure ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constanze Breithaupt ◽  
Jochen Strassner ◽  
Ulrike Breitinger ◽  
Robert Huber ◽  
Peter Macheroux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Binding ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Family ◽  
Structural Insight ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Genetic and phenotypic analysis of the pathogenic potential of two novel Chlamydia gallinacea strains compared to Chlamydia psittaci

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marloes Heijne ◽  
Martina Jelocnik ◽  
Alexander Umanets ◽  
Michael S. M. Brouwer ◽  
Annemieke Dinkla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Chlamydia Psittaci ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Family ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Embryonated Chicken

AbstractChlamydia gallinacea is an obligate intracellular bacterium that has recently been added to the family of Chlamydiaceae. C. gallinacea is genetically diverse, widespread in poultry and a suspected cause of pneumonia in slaughterhouse workers. In poultry, C. gallinacea infections appear asymptomatic, but studies about the pathogenic potential are limited. In this study two novel sequence types of C. gallinacea were isolated from apparently healthy chickens. Both isolates (NL_G47 and NL_F725) were closely related to each other and have at least 99.5% DNA sequence identity to C. gallinacea Type strain 08-1274/3. To gain further insight into the pathogenic potential, infection experiments in embryonated chicken eggs and comparative genomics with Chlamydia psittaci were performed. C. psittaci is a ubiquitous zoonotic pathogen of birds and mammals, and infection in poultry can result in severe systemic illness. In experiments with embryonated chicken eggs, C. gallinacea induced mortality was observed, potentially strain dependent, but lower compared to C. psittaci induced mortality. Comparative analyses confirmed all currently available C. gallinacea genomes possess the hallmark genes coding for known and potential virulence factors as found in C. psittaci albeit to a reduced number of orthologues or paralogs. The presence of potential virulence factors and the observed mortality in embryonated eggs indicates C. gallinacea should rather be considered as an opportunistic pathogen than an innocuous commensal.

Fruit developmental biology and endosperm rumination in Elaeocarpus ruminatus (Elaeocarpaceae), and its taxonomic significance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet N. Gagul ◽  
David Y. P. Tng ◽  
Darren M. Crayn
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Phylogenetic Distribution ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
The Family ◽  
Developmental Phases ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Gaining Insight

The genus Elaeocarpus is the largest genus in the family Elaeocarpaceae, comprising more than 350 species of trees and shrubs with a mainly Indo-Pacific distribution. Approximately 28 species in the genus, including nine species from Australia, are known to possess ruminate endosperm. To provide a basis for understanding fruit development and endosperm rumination in the genus and, therefore, its taxonomic and evolutionary significance, we studied the fruit anatomy of Elaeocarpus ruminatus F.Muell. at different developmental phases (petal-fall to maturity). We found lignin in pericarp and ovary wall tissues in the earliest stages of development. In contrast, endosperm rumination occurs only after fruits have fully expanded, and becomes more pronounced as fruits ripen. Its phylogenetic distribution suggests that ruminate endosperm is a derived, albeit homoplasious character in Elaeocarpus. Comparative studies on related species will be instructive in determining the utility of ruminate endosperm for informing infra-generic taxonomy of the genus, and gaining insight into its adaptive significance.

scholarly journals Cyberbullying at Work: In Search of Effective Guidance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina West ◽  
Mary Foster ◽  
Avner Levin ◽  
Jocelyn Edmison ◽  
Daniela Robibero
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Change ◽  
Shared Understanding ◽  
Human Resource Professionals ◽  
Canadian Study ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Industry Sectors ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Insight Into

With rapid technological change has come a blurring of boundaries between personal and workplace space. Employers are challenged to develop guidelines and policies to direct the appropriate use of technology to maintain a civil workplace. Because of the lack of shared understanding, or even terminology, around the issue of cyberbullying, employers are seeking a response from lawmakers to assist with this issue. Lawmakers are reluctant to develop legislation prematurely, given the rapid change in the capabilities of technology, the diverse social norms about its use, and the uncertainty of the role and responsibility of employers in minimizing cyberbullying and facilitating a civil workplace environment. This Canadian study seeks insight into these emerging issues through in-depth interviews with human resource professionals representing diverse business and industry sectors.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic relationships among the clownfish-hosting sea anemones

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin M. Titus ◽  
Charlotte Benedict ◽  
Robert Laroche ◽  
Luciana C. Gusmão ◽  
Vanessa Van Deusen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Coral Triangle ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
The Family ◽  
Genus 2 ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe clownfish-sea anemone symbiosis has been a model system for understanding fundamental evolutionary and ecological processes. However, our evolutionary understanding of this symbiosis comes entirely from studies of clownfishes. A holistic understanding of a model mutualism requires systematic, biogeographic, and phylogenetic insight into both partners. Here, we conduct the largest phylogenetic analysis of sea anemones (Order Actiniaria) to date, with a focus on expanding the biogeographic and taxonomic sampling of the 10 nominal clownfish-hosting species. Using a combination of mtDNA and nuDNA loci we test 1) the monophyly of each clownfish-hosting family and genus, 2) the current anemone taxonomy that suggests symbioses with clownfishes evolved multiple times within Actiniaria, and 3) whether, like the clownfishes, there is evidence that host anemones have a Coral Triangle biogeographic origin. Our phylogenetic reconstruction demonstrates widespread poly-and para-phyly at the family and genus level, particularly within the family Stichodactylidae and genus Sticodactyla, and suggests that symbioses with clownfishes evolved minimally three times within sea anemones. We further recover evidence for a Tethyan biogeographic origin for some clades. Our data provide the first evidence that clownfish and some sea anemone hosts have different biogeographic origins, and that there may be cryptic species of host anemones. Finally, our findings reflect the need for a major taxonomic revision of the clownfish-hosting sea anemones.

scholarly journals A food nonprofit's response to COVID-19: The Common Market leans on its mission to serve

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Caitlin Honan
Keyword(s):  
Food System ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Regional Food ◽  
Food Hub ◽  
The Family ◽  
Regional Food System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Good Food

The Common Market is a nonprofit regional food distributor with a mission to connect communities with good food from sustainable family farms. Outputs of their work include improved food security, farm viability, and community and ecological health. The nonprofit services communities in its three active regions—the Mid-Atlantic, the Southeast, and Houston, Texas—by delivering healthy farm food to the institutions that serve them: schools, hospitals, eldercare facilities, early childhood education centers, etc. As the COVID-19 pandemic struck the nation, it shut down some of the nonprofit’s con­ventional wholesale outlets and exposed and intensified the issue of food insecurity throughout the country. The food hub prepared to lean on its mission intensely and creatively under these unprece­dented circumstances. Poised to test the limits of a regional food system, The Common Market unveiled the resilient spirits of its team, its partners, and the family farms that make up its network. This essay highlights partnerships that ignited meaningful impact for their farmer partners and helped meet the needs of vulnerable populations amidst the pandemic. . . .

The Child’s Guardian – Listening and Giving Weight to Children’s Views

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen James ◽  
David Lane
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Review Panel ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The Family ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Children’S Views ◽  
Meaningful Relationships ◽  
Insight Into

Both the child protection and public child law systems assume a child-centred approach is at the heart of their work with children. That assumption is based on what are considered child-centred principles, which are enshrined in legislation in England and Wales in the Children Act 1989, mainly the principle of paramountcy of the child’s welfare in Section 1(1) and the principle of no delay in Section 1(2), in relation to the completion of proceedings ( hm Government, 1989). However, comprehensive reviews of both the child protection system (Munro, 2011) and the family justice system (Family Justice Review Panel, 2011), along with research findings (Cappleman et al., 2013) present a picture that challenges this assumption. Increasingly, the focus on the child’s life and welfare is hampered by a lack of time and resources available to professionals such as Guardians to enable them establish a meaningful and trusting relationship with the child in order to gain insight into and an understanding of the child’s world from the child’s perspective. The child appears to be very much on the periphery of a system that lacks real connectedness with the child and their view of their situation and circumstances. Such a level of connectedness can only be achieved by providing children with space and time to develop trust in and meaningful relationships with those whose duty it is to represent their true wishes and feelings and give due weight to the child’s perspective.

Folklorism and the Chronotope in the Works of Komitas

10.34690/03 ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 166-175
Author(s):  
А.И. Демченко
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
National Character ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Deep Insight ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Artistic Value ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
The Times ◽  
Insight Into

Будучи одним из самых самобытных музыкантов начала ХХ века, Комитас претворил в своем искусстве ряд характерных для этого времени художественных идей, наиболее примечательные из которых связаны с музыкальным фольклоризмом и с понятием хронотопа. Блистательное композиторское мастерство Комитаса выводило его очень далеко за пределы привычных представлений о жанре фольклорной обработки. Глубокое проникновение в дух и законы родной музыкальной речи позволяло ему широко применять методы полифонической обработки народных мелодий, активно развивать фактуру сопровождения, которая в ряде случае приобретала самостоятельную художественную ценность. Самобытность песен и хоров Комитаса в ряде случаев определяется связью с восточным миросозерцанием, для которого в сравнении с европейским менталитетом характерно особое восприятие времени и пространства. При этом наибольший интерес представляют те образцы, где раскрывается сопричастность к категориям всеобщей материи и вечности. Особенно широко представлено в творчестве Комитаса погружение в природную сферу с растворением в ней человеческого начала. Восхождение к надвременным категориям композитор чаще всего совершает, когда делает основой сочинений фольклорные мелодии, пришедшие из толщи времен и запечатлевшие в себе устойчивые, коренные черты народного характера. Особым достижением Комитаса является то, что он не ограничивается претворением пантеистического и надвременного как отдельных сущностей. В ряде сочинений композитор дает их в соединении, чему опять-таки способствовали особенности восточного понимания хронотопа. Being one of the most original musicians of the early 20th century, Komitas has put into his art a number of typical for this time of artistic ideas, the most notable of which are associated with the musical folklorism and with the concept of the chronotope. His brilliant compositional skills took him far beyond the usual ideas about the genre of folklore processing. A deep insight into the spirit and laws of his native musical speech allowed him to widely apply the methods of polyphonic processing of folk melodies, actively develop the texture of accompaniment, which in some cases acquired an independent artistic value. The identity of Komitass songs and choirs is in some cases determined by the connection with the Eastern worldview, which is characterized by a special perception of time and space in comparison with the European mentality. At the same time, the most interesting are the samples, which reveal participation in the categories of universal matter and eternity. Especially widely represented in the works of Komitas deep immersion in the natural sphere with the dissolution of the human principle in it. The ascent to supra-temporal categories the composer often does, when making the basis of the works of folk tunes, came from strata of the times and depicting in a sustainable, indigenous features of the national character. A special achievement of Komitas is that it is not limited to the implementation of the pantheistic and supra-temporal as separate entities. In a number of works the composer gives them in conjunction, which again contributed to the features of the Eastern understanding of the chronotope.

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