Trustees across the Ocean

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Blecher
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The Political ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
Military Elite ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Social Goods ◽  
The Rich

The first part of this chapter investigates continuities and changes as the figures and texts of the commentary tradition migrated eastward to India and found new life under the rich patronage of the sultanates in Gujarat and the Deccan from the fifteenth to eighteenth centuries. These patrons appeared to value both the intellectual and social goods on offer in the commentarial practice, and thus the fortunes of migrant hadith commentators and the political and military elite in India were intertwined. The second part of this chapter explores how reformist groups such as the Deobandis and the Ahl-i Hadith again turned to hadith commentary to navigate new challenges and opportunities in nineteenth- and twentieth-century India, as British colonial power intensified, established competing institutions of law and education, and introduced new technologies of print. Excerpts from the commentaries of Anwar Shah al-Kashmiri and Siddiq Hassan Khan are given special attention.

scholarly journals Vehicle Electrification: New Challenges and Opportunities for Smart Grids

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Monteiro ◽  
Jose Afonso ◽  
Joao Ferreira ◽  
Joao Afonso
Keyword(s):  
Power Electronics ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Grid Point ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
New Challenges

Nowadays, concerns about climate change have contributed significantly to changing the paradigm in the urban transportation sector towards vehicle electrification, where purely electric or hybrid vehicles are increasingly a new reality, supported by all major automotive brands. Nevertheless, new challenges are imposed on the current electrical power grids in terms of a synergistic, progressive, dynamic and stable integration of electric mobility. Besides the traditional unidirectional charging, more and more, the adoption of a bidirectional interconnection is expected to be a reality. In addition, whenever the vehicle is plugged-in, the on-board power electronics can also be used for other purposes, such as in the event of a power failure, regardless if the vehicle is in charging mode or not. Other new opportunities, from the electrical grid point of view, are even more relevant in the context of off-board power electronics systems, which can be enhanced with new features as, for example, compensation of power quality problems or interface with renewable energy sources. In this sense, this paper aims to present, in a comprehensive way, the new challenges and opportunities that smart grids are facing, including the new technologies in the vehicle electrification, towards a sustainable future. A theoretical analysis is also presented and supported by experimental validation based on developed laboratory prototypes.

scholarly journals The Agadez Chronicles and Y Tarichi: A Reinterpretation

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 95-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedetta Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
History Of ◽  
Central Sahara ◽  
British Colonial

Abstract:This article focuses on the texts known as the “Agadez Chronicles” and “Y Tarichi,” which have been used by historians of the Central Sahara and Sahel to reconstruct the history of the Sultanate of Agadez and the Ader Kingdom in today’s Republic of Niger. The most frequently cited of these texts are published translations of copies of Arabic manuscripts that were made available to French and British colonial administrators by members of the elites of Agadez, Ader, and Sokoto in the first decade of the twentieth century. This article suggests that the copies handed over to the representatives of European empires had been altered to promote the interests of the local elites who circulated these sources. The article compares texts in the Agadez corpus with independent sources on the history of this region in the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries; it discusses the political context in which the Agadez Chronicles were circulated at the beginning of the twentieth century; and it considers the implications of the proposed reinterpretations for the historiography of the Aïr and Ader regions.

scholarly journals Introduction

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-359
Author(s):  
Touraj Atabaki ◽  
Marcel van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
The Political ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Central State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tribal Communities ◽  
Military Elite ◽  
Political Relationships

In its long history Iran has experienced many eventful moments. The past century was far from exceptional in this respect: the country was ravaged by three major wars (1914–1918, 1941–1945, 1980–1988) in which hundreds of thousands of people died; two coups (1921, 1953) transformed power relations within the political and military elite; and two revolutions (1905–1911, 1978–1979) led to radical changes in social, cultural, and political relationships. The country's appearance has changed completely since the end of the nineteenth century. At the beginning of the twentieth century, a large proportion of the population lived in tribal communities; by the end of the century the central state was omnipresent. The capital, Tehran, expanded from a city of around 100,000 inhabitants in 1890 to a metropolis of over ten million.

scholarly journals Venezuela under Chávez: The Prospects and Limitations of Twenty-First Century Socialism, 1999-2009

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery R Webber
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Socialist Revolution ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Hugo Chavez ◽  
Oil Revenues ◽  
Article Analyse

This article takes stock of major developments in the political economy of contemporary Venezuela after ten years under Hugo Chávez. It is argued that the Bolivarian process has done a great deal to rejuvenate the international critique of neoliberalism and to bring discussion of socialism back on the agenda of the Left. At the same time, there has been no socialist revolution in Venezuela, and Chavismo is ridden with profound and abiding contradictions. This article considers the historical backdrop of the Bolivarian process, beginning with the end of authoritarianism and the Pact of Punto Fijo and the rise and fall of orthodox neoliberalism at the end of the twentieth-century. The article then describes Chavez’ gradual and partial radicalization between 1999 and 2009 and finally concludes that the global economic crisis poses a unique set of challenges and opportunities for the Bolivarian process in the midst of significantly reduced oil revenues. Cet article analyse les développements majeurs dans l’économie politique du Venezuela contemporain après dix ans sous Hugo Chávez. Il défend l’idée que le processus Bolivarien a considérablement revivifié la critique internationale du néolibéralisme et a remis le débat sur le socialisme sur l’agenda de la Gauche. En même temps, il n’y a pas eu de révolution socialiste au Venezuela et le Chavisme est marqué par des profondes contradictions structurelles. Cet article retrace les évènements historiques qui ont précédé le processus Bolivarien, en commençant avec la fin de l’autoritarisme et le pacte de Punto Fijo et la montée puis la chute du néoliberalisme orthodoxe à la fin du vingtième siècle. Ensuite, cet article décrit la radicalisation graduelle et partielle de Chavez entre 1999 et 2009 et conclut que la crise économique mondiale représente des défis et opportunités pour le processus Bolivarien en particulier compte tenu des revenus pétroliers significativement réduits.

scholarly journals Dub in the Front Room: Migrant Aesthetics of the Sacred and the Secular

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-194
Author(s):  
Michael McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Racial Violence ◽  
Spiritual Experience ◽  
Double Consciousness ◽  
Cultural Imperialism ◽  
The Political ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
Domestic Life ◽  
The West ◽  
The Rich

Abstract This article aims to explore, how the struggle over the sacred and the secular is enacted within the material culture of the front room as an index of the double consciousness that takes place in the black every day. The scared is often reduced to the purely religious, but unshackling it, and engaging with the sacred as a spectrum of spiritual experience that illuminates its dialogic relationship with the political, and therefore the secular. Reclaiming the sacred provides a critical praxis towards decolonising the legacy of coloniality in the context of postcolonial modernity. As a cultural institution of self-making, valorising the material culture of the front room as a space of black interiority resists the racist trope that we live on the street, and have no homes to go to, with families and values. This interiority has shaped, and been shaped by the cultural politics of postwar Caribbean migration, and reveals the rich complexity of “black domestic life” that the “generality of society” rarely understands. Connecting the spiritual with the political provides a psychic recuperation towards resisting and healing from trauma as a process in an ongoing structuring of colonial power, cultural imperialism, and racial violence. This article will draw on research in curating my installation-based exhibitions, The West Indian Front Room (2005-06) and Rockers, Soulheads and Lovers: Sound Systems Back in da Day (2015-16).

scholarly journals Spanish financial institutions facing the challenge of digitalization: The case of payment systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-99
Author(s):  
Carlos Viñals Guitart
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Business Models ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
New Business ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
New Business Models

Technological development has brought about major changes in all aspects and spheres of society. Among the various environments where technological applications have brought improvements and transformed the usual way of operating, we highlight the financial sector. Indeed, technology has substantially modified the processes and mechanisms on which its operation is based, especially in the area of payments, due to the need for reliability, security and immediacy to improve the way in which money is transmitted between the different agents that interact in it. This digitization of payment systems has been made possible by various factors, including the emergence of new business models and the emergence of large technology companies, as well as the application of new technologies that streamline payment processes. This has forced the financial sector and, specifically, financial institutions, the main drivers of the financial system, to accelerate innovation in the payments sector in order to face these new challenges. This paper analyses payment systems, how they work, the services they provide and the challenges and opportunities that can be identified as a result of technological innovation in the financial sector. It also presents the strategies being followed by Spanish financial institutions in terms of the development of new services and capabilities to cope with these changes.

scholarly journals Exploiting the Legacy of the Arbovirus Hunters

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikos Vasilakis ◽  
Robert B. Tesh ◽  
Vsevolod L. Popov ◽  
Steve G. Widen ◽  
Thomas G. Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Virus Discovery ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rich History

In recent years, it has become evident that a generational gap has developed in the community of arbovirus research. This apparent gap is due to the dis-investment of training for the next generation of arbovirologists, which threatens to derail the rich history of virus discovery, field epidemiology, and understanding of the richness of diversity that surrounds us. On the other hand, new technologies have resulted in an explosion of virus discovery that is constantly redefining the virosphere and the evolutionary relationships between viruses. This paradox presents new challenges that may have immediate and disastrous consequences for public health when yet to be discovered arboviruses emerge. In this review we endeavor to bridge this gap by providing a historical context for the work being conducted today and provide continuity between the generations. To this end, we will provide a narrative of the thrill of scientific discovery and excitement and the challenges lying ahead.

scholarly journals Fashioning an Imperial Metropolis at the 1896 Berliner Gewerbeausstellung

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Katherine Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Racial Difference ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
International Exhibitions ◽  
Mass Entertainment ◽  
At Home

Abstract The 1896 Berliner Gewerbeausstellung was a transformative moment for city and nation alike. The exhibition announced Berlin's pre-eminence as a scientific and industrial city and bolstered an emergent German national identity. Including displays of Egypt and Germany's formal colonies also revealed Germany's competence as a colonial power. By illustrating its skill in both aggressive conquest and subtle intervention, city and nation thought themselves capable of competing with European rivals at home and abroad. However, the two visions of colonialism, cloaked in the guise of mass entertainment, have rarely been brought into conversation with one another. This article seeks to discuss this colonial–Oriental dichotomy by focusing on tensions between education and entertainment in display techniques, particularities of racial difference in ethnographic display, the use of advertising, and the insertion of new technologies. Contributing to a deeper understanding of race, empire, and modernity in the German context, the Gewerbeausstellung offers a jumping off point for further comparison to other local, regional, and international exhibitions and an avenue to explore how notions of modernity factored into formal and informal imperial arrangements. Ultimately, it sheds light on how an exhibition helped to fashion a global, imperial city at the turn of the twentieth century.

Espionage and Exile

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis Lassner
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
The Political ◽  
International Crises ◽  
Popular Entertainment ◽  
John Le Carre ◽  
The Cold War

Espionage and Exile demonstrates that from the 1930s through the Cold War, British Writers Eric Ambler, Helen MacInnes, Ann Bridge, Pamela Frankau, John le Carré and filmmaker Leslie Howard combined propaganda and popular entertainment to call for resistance to political oppression. Instead of constituting context, the political engagement of these spy fictions bring the historical crises of Fascist and Communist domination to the forefront of twentieth century literary history. They deploy themes of deception and betrayal to warn audiences of the consequences of Nazi Germany's conquests and later, the fusion of Fascist and Communist oppression. Featuring protagonists who are stateless and threatened refugees, abandoned and betrayed secret agents, and politically engaged or entrapped amateurs, all in states of precarious exile, these fictions engage their historical subjects to complicate extant literary meanings of transnational, diaspora and performativity. Unsettling distinctions between villain and victim as well as exile and belonging dramatizes relationships between the ethics of espionage and responses to international crises. With politically charged suspense and narrative experiments, these writers also challenge distinctions between literary, middlebrow, and popular culture.

On Metaphysics and the Political: A Polemics of Reading Baudelaire in the 1930s

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Joseph Acquisto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This essay examines a polemic between two Baudelaire critics of the 1930s, Jean Cassou and Benjamin Fondane, which centered on the relationship of poetry to progressive politics and metaphysics. I argue that a return to Baudelaire's poetry can yield insight into what seems like an impasse in Cassou and Fondane. Baudelaire provides the possibility of realigning metaphysics and politics so that poetry has the potential to become the space in which we can begin to think the two of them together, as opposed to seeing them in unresolvable tension. Or rather, the tension that Baudelaire animates between the two allows us a new way of thinking about the role of esthetics in moments of political crisis. We can in some ways see Baudelaire as responding, avant la lettre, to two of his early twentieth-century readers who correctly perceived his work as the space that breathes a new urgency into the questions of how modern poetry relates to the world from which it springs and in which it intervenes.

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