scholarly journals On the Assumptions That We Make About the World Around Us: A Conceptual Framework for Feature Transformation Effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan De Houwer ◽  
Juliette Richetin ◽  
Sean Hughes ◽  
Marco Perugini
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Feature Transformation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Spontaneous Trait Inferences ◽  
Trait Inferences ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
New Research ◽  
Object Features

Various phenomena such as halo effects, spontaneous trait inferences, and evaluative conditioning have in common that assumptions about object features (e.g., whether a person is intelligent or likeable) are influenced by other object features (e.g., whether that person is attractive or co-occurs with other liked persons). Surprisingly, these phenomena have rarely been related to each other, most likely because different phenomena are described using different terms. To overcome this barrier, we put forward a conceptual framework that can be used to describe a wide range of these phenomena. After introducing the four core concepts of the framework, we illustrate how it can be applied to various phenomena. Doing so helps to reveal similarities and differences between those phenomena, thus improving communication and promoting interactions between different areas of research. Finally, we illustrate the generative power of the framework by discussing some of the new research questions that it highlights.

Intra-oral Models for Studying De- and Remineralization in Man: Methodology and Measurement

1992 ◽  
Vol 71 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 895-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.H. Manning ◽  
W.M. Edgar
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Questions

A wide range of different methodologies and measurement techniques has been employed in laboratories around the world for the study of de- and remineralization of enamel and dentin in intra-oral systems. These different approaches are summarized and discussed in relation to the nature of the different research questions to be studied by means of the intra-oral model.

Yiddish Linguistics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac L. Bleaman
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
New Research

Linguistic studies of Yiddish span several centuries and incorporate a wide range of research questions and methodologies, from philological analyses of Old Yiddish texts to generative approaches to particular grammatical constructions. The historical development of the language has undoubtedly been, and continues to be, the most hotly debated research topic in Yiddish linguistics. However, other productive areas of inquiry have included structural analysis (e.g., syntax, semantics, and phonology), dialectology and other fields of sociolinguistics (e.g., language contact and interspeaker variation), and, increasingly, computational approaches (e.g., the construction and use of linguistic corpora). Historically, Yiddish linguists have often played a major role in language planning efforts, including the production of style manuals, dictionaries, and textbooks—so much so that “Yiddish linguist” has often been understood as synonymous with “Yiddish standardizer.” However, the primary focus of this bibliography is descriptive linguistic research. (Information on standard Yiddish reference works, which can be unparalleled sources of linguistic data and a useful starting point for new research projects, can be found in the more general Oxford Bibliographies article “Yiddish.”) The works included here represent a curated sample, rather than an exhaustive list, of publications and research tools in the various subfields of Yiddish linguistics. (See Bibliographies for more comprehensive references.) Due to the centrality of language in research on the history, literature, and folk culture of Ashkenazic Jews, this bibliography is likely to be useful not only to linguists, but also to researchers in related disciplines within Yiddish and Jewish studies.

Response to Howard and Walters

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Lynch
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
Arab Uprisings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Face ◽  
Political Choices ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Rapid Diffusion ◽  
New Research

Political scientists did fail to predict the precise timing and nature of the outbreak of the Arab uprisings. They, however, did not miss the realities of rising social discontent, institutional degradation, economic struggles, and political stalemates. The literature generally concluded that authoritarian Arab regimes had proven their ability to survive such challenges, and retained sufficient capabilities and strategies to overcome their potential challengers. The survival of most Arab regimes in the face of protests and the resurgence of the old regime in Egypt suggest the continuing relevance of attention to the power of these authoritarian structures. There are a wide range of vital new research questions currently being explored, such as the intensity and rapid diffusion of protest across borders, the variation in the political choices by militaries, the distinctive resilience of monarchies, and the post-uprising struggles to consolidate new institutional orders. Overall, however, the response of Middle East specialists in political science should be viewed as a success story rather than a failure.

Models of Regional Leadership in Eurasia: to the New Research Agenda

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
I. Busygina ◽  
I. Grigoriev ◽  
A. Dekalchuk ◽  
Y. Kabanov ◽  
S. Krivokhizh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Regional Leadership ◽  
New Research

One of the important tasks in the study of international politics today is the elaboration and empirical verification of new theoretical models for the coexistence of several regional leadership projects, simultaneously implemented by various countries and international organizations. Until now, the existing models, as a rule, have described this kind of leadership at the international arena in fundamentally hierarchical terms: either as a unipolar world with a hegemonic country dominating global politics, or as a bipolar system. These models unambiguously assume that the world either “belongs” to one hegemon, or is divided between two superpowers. In the latter case, there are practically no regions where both leadership projects would be carried out simultaneously, since such a geographical “overlap” would inevitably provoke conflict. Meanwhile, the task of understanding and explaining the internal mechanics of the simultaneous coexistence of several potential leaders on the same geographic territory for a fairly long time remains unsolved. In the modern world, such parallel (joint or competitive) leadership can no longer be regarded as an anomaly or a temporary phenomenon, it becomes a “new normality”, creating additional opportunities for international players, but at the same time imposing more substantial constraints on them. Thus, the relevance of the agenda put forward in the article is determined by a number of circumstances, the most fundamental of which is the crisis of the global governance system and the neoliberal model of globalization. Today, macro-regions become “building blocks” for the multipolar structure of the world, and the role of individual states or their groups, which begin to play a structure-forming role in “their” macro-regions, is increasing. These are potential leaders with special characteristics and special relations with their “followers”. The problem of leadership is most interestingly actualized in the Eurasian region, the internationalization of which is rapidly growing. In this region, several leaders are observed (such as Russia, China, the European Union) who compete for the same followers, offering them different agendas and using a wide range of power tools – from “soft” to “hard” power. It is in Eurasia that the variability of relations connecting the leader and followers is extremely high. In this article, the authors put forward and ground the possibility and necessity of developing a research agenda on regional leadership based on the material of modern Eurasia – the most important world macro-region where three leadership projects are being successfully implemented at the same time, the description and analysis of which in their interconnection go beyond the Eurasian theme only and can help advance our understanding of the nature of multipolarity in modern international relations.

scholarly journals A conceptual framework for the study of demonstrative reference

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Peeters ◽  
Emiel Krahmer ◽  
Alfons Maes
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Demonstrative Reference ◽  
Speech Event ◽  
Everyday Talk ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Recent Experimental Work ◽  
Communicative Abilities ◽  
Pointing Gesture

Abstract Language allows us to efficiently communicate about the things in the world around us. Seemingly simple words like this and that are a cornerstone of our capability to refer, as they contribute to guiding the attention of our addressee to the specific entity we are talking about. Such demonstratives are acquired early in life, ubiquitous in everyday talk, often closely tied to our gestural communicative abilities, and present in all spoken languages of the world. Based on a review of recent experimental work, here we introduce a new conceptual framework of demonstrative reference. In the context of this framework, we argue that several physical, psychological, and referent-intrinsic factors dynamically interact to influence whether a speaker will use one demonstrative form (e.g., this) or another (e.g., that) in a given setting. However, the relative influence of these factors themselves is argued to be a function of the cultural language setting at hand, the theory-of-mind capacities of the speaker, and the affordances of the specific context in which the speech event takes place. It is demonstrated that the framework has the potential to reconcile findings in the literature that previously seemed irreconcilable. We show that the framework may to a large extent generalize to instances of endophoric reference (e.g., anaphora) and speculate that it may also describe the specific form and kinematics a speaker’s pointing gesture takes. Testable predictions and novel research questions derived from the framework are presented and discussed.

scholarly journals II Russian National Academic Workshop with International Participants “Integration of Siberian Museums in the Regional Socio-Cultural Space and the World Museum Community: Science. Heritage. Society” (Ulan-Ude, September 9–12, 2019)

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
Svetlana Buraeva
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Conference ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Natural Heritage ◽  
Fundamental Science ◽  
Science Society ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
New Research ◽  
Community Science

A representative scientific conference held in Ulan-Ude brought together researchers from Russia, Japan and Mongolia. The participants, whose work was carried out in six areas, discussed a wide range of issues about the main ways and forms of interaction between fundamental science, society and cultural institutions. The researchers showcased the most engaging findings and promising developments in the studying, preserving and today’s presenting the historical, cultural and natural heritage. The conference was a brainstorm platform for new research, educational and exhibition projects.

scholarly journals The Cognitive Foundation of Post-colonial Englishes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Syntactic Theory ◽  
Language Variety ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
New Research ◽  
Model Approach

Varieties of English are spoken all over the world from Africa to Asia, from Europe to America. In addition to its use as a foreign language, English in many of these countries is a first or second language variety that initially arose in a colonial setting. Currently, the most influential sociolinguistic model for the evolution of these 'Post-Colonial Englishes' is the Dynamic Model. In this Element, I outline how Construction Grammar, the most prominent cognitive syntactic theory, can provide a cognitive foundation for the assumptions made by the Dynamic Model. As I shall argue, Construction Grammar naturally complements the Dynamic Model and, in addition to that, a 'Constructionist Grammar Approach to the Dynamic Model' approach generates new research questions concerning the productivity of syntactic patterns across Dynamic Model phases.

scholarly journals Questions and controversies in the study of time-varying functional connectivity in resting fMRI

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Lurie ◽  
Daniel Kessler ◽  
Danielle S. Bassett ◽  
Richard F. Betzel ◽  
Michael Breakspear ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
New Research

The brain is a complex, multiscale dynamical system composed of many interacting regions. Knowledge of the spatiotemporal organization of these interactions is critical for establishing a solid understanding of the brain’s functional architecture and the relationship between neural dynamics and cognition in health and disease. The possibility of studying these dynamics through careful analysis of neuroimaging data has catalyzed substantial interest in methods that estimate time-resolved fluctuations in functional connectivity (often referred to as “dynamic” or time-varying functional connectivity; TVFC). At the same time, debates have emerged regarding the application of TVFC analyses to resting fMRI data, and about the statistical validity, physiological origins, and cognitive and behavioral relevance of resting TVFC. These and other unresolved issues complicate interpretation of resting TVFC findings and limit the insights that can be gained from this promising new research area. This article brings together scientists with a variety of perspectives on resting TVFC to review the current literature in light of these issues. We introduce core concepts, define key terms, summarize controversies and open questions, and present a forward-looking perspective on how resting TVFC analyses can be rigorously and productively applied to investigate a wide range of questions in cognitive and systems neuroscience.

scholarly journals A Conceptual Framework for the Study of Demonstrative Reference

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Peeters ◽  
Emiel Krahmer ◽  
Alfons Maes
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Demonstrative Reference ◽  
Speech Event ◽  
Everyday Talk ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Recent Experimental Work ◽  
Communicative Abilities ◽  
Pointing Gesture

Language allows us to efficiently communicate about the things in the world around us. Seemingly simple words like this and that are a cornerstone of our capability to refer, as they contribute to guiding the attention of our addressee to the specific entity we are talking about. Such demonstratives are acquired early in life, ubiquitous in everyday talk, often closely tied to our gestural communicative abilities, and present in all spoken languages of the world. Based on a review of recent experimental work, we here introduce a new conceptual framework of demonstrative reference. In the context of this framework, we argue that several physical, psychological, and referent-intrinsic factors dynamically interact to influence whether a speaker will use one demonstrative form (e.g., this) or another (e.g., that) in a given setting. However, the relative influence of these factors themselves is argued to be a function of the cultural language setting at hand, the theory-of-mind capacities of the speaker, and the affordances of the specific context in which the speech event takes place. It is demonstrated that the framework has the potential to reconcile findings in the literature that previously seemed irreconcilable. We show that the framework may to a large extent generalize to instances of endophoric reference (e.g., anaphora) and speculate that it may also describe the specific form and kinematics a speaker’s pointing gesture takes. Testable predictions and novel research questions derived from the framework are presented and discussed.

Gamer Teachers

2011 ◽  
pp. 175-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gibson ◽  
William Halverson ◽  
Eric Riedel
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Approaches To Teaching ◽  
Research On Teaching ◽  
The World ◽  
Improve Student Achievement ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Games And Simulations ◽  
New Research

The divergence between the generation of people who grew up before versus after computer games became ubiquitous – a new kind of digital divide - is characterized by differences in thinking patterns, perceptions about the world, approaches to challenges, evaluation of risks, and expectations about leading and interacting with other people. Some argue that because of these sorts of differences, students of today have new expectations about learning, which suggests that we need new approaches to teaching and gamer teachers (the pun is intended). This chapter outlines a potential framework for research on teaching that understands and uses the power of computer games and simulations to improve student achievement. Along the way, we raise new research questions, which we hope that you and others will help answer.

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