The Influence of Contextual and Individual Factors on Entrepreneurial Intentions among Youth in Transitional Rural Slovakia

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-136
Author(s):  
Stanislav Kološta ◽  
Filip Flaška ◽  
Pavol Kráľ ◽  
Torbjørn Årethun ◽  
Jon G. Nesse
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Career Anchors ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
High School Environment

The reduction of out-migration and supporting new job creation are important goals for regional and rural development policies among post-communist EU member states, including Slovakia. Hence, policy makers and educators are interested in studies targeting factors that influence entrepreneurial intentions (EI) and activity in rural areas. This study reveals (i) some of the factors influencing EI among final-year students in a high school environment and (ii) the possible implementation of our results in educational policy. Data were collected in high schools located in three rural Slovakian regions: Banská Bystrica, Prešov, and Žilina. The main findings are that former policy discouraging entrepreneurship left a post-communist generation almost without an entrepreneurial background, and this was reflected in the lack of importance given to creativity and living in an entrepreneurial environment in relation to the EI of Slovakian youth. This could be caused by necessity-driven EI whereby financial motives for self-employment dominate individual interests and preferences. On the other hand, leadership and proactive personality as career anchors, and perceived support from family and friends, are prominent factors explaining EI among these young people. These factors, together with supporting and building a desire for autonomy and creativity, should be developed principally within entrepreneurship education for pupils at high schools in the Slovakian regions investigated.

scholarly journals The Experience of Transitioning Two Adolescents With Asperger Syndrome in Academically Focused High Schools

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roselyn M. Dixon ◽  
Kathleen Tanner
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Asperger Syndrome ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Academically Able ◽  
High School Environment

Adolescents with Asperger syndrome (AS) are increasingly being placed in academically focused high schools. These students, although academically able, may not be coping with the wider classroom and social demands of transition to, and within, the high school environment. Schools are keen to enrol these students. However, there appears to be a gap between the rhetoric and the reality relating to the varying perceptions of key stakeholders. In this paper we present the results of a study of the perceptions of key stakeholders in the transition of two students with AS into two academically focused high schools. Eight participants were involved in semistructured, one-on-one interviews. Key stakeholders included executive teachers, classroom teachers, students and their caregivers. The results indicated that there were some differences in the teacher and caregiver perspectives across physical, academic and social areas of transition.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATORS IN RURAL INSTITUTIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-154
Author(s):  
Vilma Atkočiūnienė ◽  
Gintarė Vaznonienė ◽  
Alvydas Aleksandravičius
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Positive Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Rural Institutions ◽  
Paradigm Analysis ◽  
Economic Globalisation

In rural areas where life is slower but social problems tend to be deeper there is a need for urgent, pro-active and professional area-orientated development decisions. Due to challenges posed to agriculture by economic globalisation and sustainable development, both theoretical and applied scientific research is necessary for improving agricultural and rural development policies as well as their management. It should be highlighted that the demand for professional and innovative activities is significantly higher in rural development compared to the other sectors. The aim of this research is to explore the role and the functions of rural development administrators in rural institutions. The methodology of this research is based on the positive research paradigm, analysis of content and descriptive analysis, empirical study methods, logical and systematical reasoning, abstract and other methods. In order to assess the role of rural development administrators, three groups of experts (professionals, NGO and leaders of government organisations) were selected. Their opinions enabled the comparison of assumptions regarding the behaviour of rural development administrators as well as their participation in the process of rural development. The findings are expected to be useful for local, regional and national rural development policy makers and other actors inter-ested in management of rural development innovations in public sector.

The Effect of Single-Sex Secondary Schooling on Women's Choice of College Major

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High Schools ◽  
School Environment ◽  
College Major ◽  
Logit Analysis ◽  
Secondary Schooling ◽  
Single Sex ◽  
High School Environment ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Feminist Attitudes

This study examines the effect of attending an all-girls' high school on the sex-traditionality of women's choice of college major. Using data from the High School and Beyond study and multinomial logit analysis, the results indicate that women who attended all-girls' high schools (versus coed high schools) were more likely to major in sex-integrated fields, compared to highly female fields. The effect may be due in small part to feminist attitudes produced in an all-female high school environment but is not due to differences in coursework (particularly math) or test scores.

scholarly journals Character Education Program for Student in Islamic Boarding School

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimin Maryati ◽  
Tonny K. Suhandi ◽  
Hinggil Permana
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Character Education ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Education Environment ◽  
High School Environment

This research was conducted to find out Character Education for Students in an Islamic Boarding High School Environment. The study was conducted for 3 months from July to August 2019 in an Islamic boarding school. A qualitative research method is used that aims to examine the condition of natural objects. Data collection techniques were carried out by triangulation, data analysis was inductive and the results emphasize the meaning rather than generalization. The results of this study indicate that the character education policy in boarding high schools stems from the use of the Islamic boarding school label so that all students must be in the same environment. Character education in boarding high schools is carried out in a structured manner and integrated into daily activities, parenting is carried out throughout the day for students from teachers in the school environment and caregivers in the dormitory environment. Evaluation of the conduct of character education is carried out regularly by the boarding trustees and by the school. Keywords: character education, environment, evaluation

Developing and Validating a Scale of Tourism Gentrification in Rural Areas

2021 ◽  
pp. 109634802110149
Author(s):  
Chaohui Wang ◽  
Yumei Xu ◽  
Tingting (Christina) Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Community Culture ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Cultural Appreciation ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Development And Validation

In recent years, tourism gentrification has made great progress in rural areas and has had significant impacts on these areas’ development, specifically in the domains of the economy, living standards, community, culture, and environment. Tourists play a key role in developing tourism gentrification in rural areas, but research investigating tourism gentrification in rural areas from the tourist perspective is scarce. To fill this gap, we focus on tourism gentrification and develop a measurement scale from the tourist perspective through multiple qualitative and quantitative steps. Our findings confirm that tourism gentrification in rural areas from the tourist perspective comprises eight dimensions: economic growth, enhanced environment, enhanced living standards, individual civilization, improved communication, promoted social environment, cultural appreciation, and improved individual quality. Through development and validation of the scale, we hope to offer a comprehensive referencing index of tourism gentrification in rural areas to policy makers and rural tourism practitioners.

scholarly journals The Valorization of Italian “Borghi” as a Tool for the Tourism Development of Rural Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6643
Author(s):  
Carmen Bizzarri ◽  
Roberto Micera
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Territorial Identity ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Depth Interviews

The paper comes from the need to search for criteria useful for the valorization of heritage towns, located in rural and/or inland areas of Italy, now affected by depression and depopulation process. To this end, the authors point out how territorial identity can constitute the theoretical foundation to influence development policies and, in particular, tourism development for the sustainability process. It was therefore decided to interview a number of stakeholders who could contribute, with their professionalism and expertise, to identifying possible paths and processes for the enhancement of these areas for tourism development. The methodology was based on in-depth interviews, which allowed for the identification of a of a Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threat (SWOT) analysis, offering a guideline for the correct governance of these rural areas for their tourist enhancement in terms of the sustainability of development and tourist attractiveness. The study is an observatory that will monitor the implementation of sustainable tourism enhancement of the “borghi”.

scholarly journals Solo self-employment, entrepreneurial subjectivity and the security–precarity continuum: Evidence from private tutors in the supplementary education industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2110092
Author(s):  
Sarah L Holloway ◽  
Helena Pimlott-Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Choice ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Supplementary Education ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Education Industry

Entrepreneurship is regarded by policy makers and politicians as an accelerant for economic development. Economic geography demonstrates that rather than stimulating entrepreneurship in general, policy makers should support specific forms of entrepreneurship that fuel wider growth. The paper's original contribution is to insist that entrepreneurship research must also explore less growth-oriented, but crucially very widespread, forms of entrepreneurial activity. The paper therefore places solo self-employment – the self-employed without employees – centre stage as an exemplar of this trend. Research is presented on private tutors who run businesses from home, offering children one-to-one tuition in the burgeoning supplementary education industry. The paper scrutinises the causes, configuration and consequences of such solo self-employment as an economically marginal, but numerically dominant, form of entrepreneurship. In so doing, it makes three conceptual advances in the exploration of heterogeneous entrepreneurship. First, in examining why individuals become self-employed, the paper moves beyond classic efforts to understand entrepreneurship through binary push/pull mechanisms in models of occupational choice. Instead, the analysis demonstrates the importance of risk in entrepreneurship and paid employment, highlighting the multiple pathways into solo self-employment as opportunities and constraints coalesce in individual's lives. Secondly, in considering how the solo self-employed think about business, the research breaks through conventional definitions of entrepreneurship to demonstrate that solo self-employment involves a distinctively entrepreneurial subjectivity and practices. Thirdly, by investigating the consequences of solo self-employment, the findings transcend dualist interpretations of self-employment as the realm of entrepreneurial wealth or economic precarity, highlighting instead a security–precarity continuum in immediate and long-term outcomes.

scholarly journals Rwanda’s Land Policy Reform: Self-Employment Perspectives from a Case Study of Kimonyi Sector

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Mireille Mizero ◽  
Aristide Maniriho ◽  
Bosco Bashangwa Mpozi ◽  
Antoine Karangwa ◽  
Philippe Burny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Land Policy ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Expropriation Risk ◽  
Main Activity

Rwanda’s Land Policy Reform promotes agri-business and encourages self-employment. This paper aims to analyze the situation from a self-employment perspective when dealing with expropriation risk in rural areas. In this study, we conducted a structured survey addressed to 63 domestic units, complemented by focus groups of 47 participants from Kimonyi Sector. The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that having job alternatives, men heading domestic units, literacy skills in English, and owning land lease certificates (p < 0.05) are positively and significantly related to awareness of land expropriation risk. The decision of the head of the domestic unit to practice the main activity under self-employment status is positively influenced by owning a land lease certificate, number of plots, and French skills, while skills in English and a domestic unit’s size have a positive and significant influence on involvement in a second activity as self-employed. Information on expropriation risk has no significant effect on self-employment. The domestic unit survey revealed that 34.9% of the heads of domestic units only have one job, 47.6% have at least two jobs in their everyday life, 12.7% have a minimum of three jobs, and 4.8% are inactive. The focus group synthesis exposed the limits to self-employment ability and facilities.

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