scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance in bacterial communities of the oyster Crassostrea rivularis from different salinity zones in Qinzhou Bay, Beibu Gulf, China

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruixuan Wang ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Yuee Hou ◽  
Huajian Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Beibu Gulf ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Qinzhou Bay ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rdna Analysis

The oyster is one of the most abundantly harvested shellfish in the world. To explore the impact of salinity on antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and the microbial community associated with farmed oysters, oysters were taken from high-, medium-, and low-salinity zones (labeled HS, MS, and LS, respectively) in Qinzhou Bay of Beibu Gulf, China. ARB were tested with the Kirby–Bauer method. Species of ARB were confirmed by 16 S rDNA analysis. Microbial communities were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology. The results indicate that HS-derived ARB (>60%) resisted β-lactams and aminoglycosides and that LS-derived strains resisted macrolide and tetracyclines. All strains resisted 4 or more antibiotics. A total of 542 operational taxonomic units were detected in the samples, with Shewanella, Vibrio, and Endozoicomonas being the dominant genera (>80%), although distributed differently among the different salinity samples. The oyster microbial richness ranked as MS > LS > HS. This study provides an important reference for future efforts to explain factors or mechanisms underlying correlations between ARB, the microbiome, and salinity and thus the potential health of oysters in this region.

scholarly journals Impacts of florfenicol on the microbiota landscape and resistome as revealed by metagenomic analysis

Microbiome ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qifan Zeng ◽  
Chao Liao ◽  
Jeffery Terhune ◽  
Luxin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Fish Pathogens ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Drug-resistant fish pathogens can cause significant economic loss to fish farmers. Since 2012, florfenicol has become an approved drug for treating both septicemia and columnaris diseases in freshwater fish. Due to the limited drug options available for aquaculture, the impact of the therapeutical florfenicol treatment on the microbiota landscape as well as the resistome present in the aquaculture farm environment needs to be evaluated. Results Time-series metagenomic analyses were conducted to the aquatic microbiota present in the tank-based catfish production systems, in which catfish received standard therapeutic 10-day florfenicol treatment following the federal veterinary regulations. Results showed that the florfenicol treatment shifted the structure of the microbiota and reduced the biodiversity of it by acting as a strong stressor. Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi, and 13 other phyla were susceptible to the florfenicol treatment and their abundance was inhibited by the treatment. In contrast, the abundance of several bacteria belonging to the Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia phyla increased. These bacteria with increased abundance either harbor florfenicol-resistant genes (FRGs) or had beneficial mutations. The florfenicol treatment promoted the proliferation of florfenicol-resistant genes. The copy number of phenicol-specific resistance genes as well as multiple classes of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) exhibited strong correlations across different genetic exchange communities (p < 0.05), indicating the horizontal transfer of florfenicol-resistant genes among these bacterial species or genera. Florfenicol treatment also induced mutation-driven resistance. Significant changes in single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allele frequencies were observed in membrane transporters, genes involved in recombination, and in genes with primary functions of a resistance phenotype. Conclusions The therapeutical level of florfenicol treatment significantly altered the microbiome and resistome present in catfish tanks. Both intra-population and inter-population horizontal ARG transfer was observed, with the intra-population transfer being more common. The oxazolidinone/phenicol-resistant gene optrA was the most prevalent transferred ARG. In addition to horizontal gene transfer, bacteria could also acquire florfenicol resistance by regulating the innate efflux systems via mutations. The observations made by this study are of great importance for guiding the strategic use of florfenicol, thus preventing the formation, persistence, and spreading of florfenicol-resistant bacteria and resistance genes in aquaculture.

The impact of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on ENT practice

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (9) ◽  
pp. 713-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
I J Nixon ◽  
B J G Bingham
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
The Impact

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are increasingly common and present a major problem for the modern day ENT surgeon. This article reviews the development of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and how it has come to affect ENT practice. We look at the evidence behind measures taken to help deal with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and to prevent its spread. We go on to suggest a departmental guideline for infection control, which we hope can be implemented to help deal with the problems created by MRSA.

De-escalation of antimicrobial therapy in ICU settings with high prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria: a multicentre prospective observational cohort study in patients with sepsis or septic shock

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 3665-3674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Routsi ◽  
Aikaterini Gkoufa ◽  
Kostoula Arvaniti ◽  
Stelios Kokkoris ◽  
Alexandros Tourtoglou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Sofa Score ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background De-escalation of empirical antimicrobial therapy, a key component of antibiotic stewardship, is considered difficult in ICUs with high rates of antimicrobial resistance. Objectives To assess the feasibility and the impact of antimicrobial de-escalation in ICUs with high rates of antimicrobial resistance. Methods Multicentre, prospective, observational study in septic patients with documented infections. Patients in whom de-escalation was applied were compared with patients without de-escalation by the use of a propensity score matching by SOFA score on the day of de-escalation initiation. Results A total of 262 patients (mean age 62.2 ± 15.1 years) were included. Antibiotic-resistant pathogens comprised 62.9%, classified as MDR (12.5%), extensively drug-resistant (49%) and pandrug-resistant (1.2%). In 97 (37%) patients de-escalation was judged not feasible in view of the antibiotic susceptibility results. Of the remaining 165 patients, judged as patients with de-escalation possibility, de-escalation was applied in 60 (22.9%). These were matched to an equal number of patients without de-escalation. In this subset of 120 patients, de-escalation compared with no de-escalation was associated with lower all-cause 28 day mortality (13.3% versus 36.7%, OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.11–0.66, P = 0.006); ICU and hospital mortality were also lower. De-escalation was associated with a subsequent collateral decrease in the SOFA score. Cox multivariate regression analysis revealed de-escalation as a significant factor for 28 day survival (HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.14–0.70, P = 0.005). Conclusions In ICUs with high levels of antimicrobial resistance, feasibility of antimicrobial de-escalation was limited because of the multi-resistant pathogens isolated. However, when de-escalation was feasible and applied, it was associated with lower mortality.

scholarly journals Linking Genetics, Microbiology & Molecular Biology Courses to Provide Research Experiences in Undergraduate Biology

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 474-478
Author(s):  
Bethany Lucas ◽  
Gena Nichols ◽  
Max Boeck
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Undergraduate Research ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Undergraduate Teaching ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Research Experiences ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Undergraduate Biology ◽  
Undergraduate Research Experiences

Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) can have benefits for many students, especially those who lack access to traditional apprenticeships for research. As part of an effort to create more opportunities for students to have access to primary research and move away from traditional cookie-cutter labs, we have created a multicourse CURE spanning three undergraduate teaching labs in which students can pick and choose to take any of the courses that most interest them. This CURE explores the essential understanding of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria as well as high-throughput sequencing and mutagenesis screens. These low-cost modular labs are designed to be flexible and integrated into any single teaching lab to increase exposure to both fundamental lab skills and primary research.

scholarly journals Comparison of the diversity of cultured and total bacterial communities in marine sediment using culture-dependent and sequencing methods

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10060
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Samina Noor ◽  
Ran Huan ◽  
Congling Liu ◽  
JiaYi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Marine Microbes ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Culture Dependent

Despite recent great advances in microbial culture, most microbes have not yet been cultured, and the impact of medium composition on the isolation of microbes from natural systems has not been elucidated. To optimize media for culturing marine microbes, microbial communities in three sediment samples were described using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and culture-dependent techniques. HTS revealed communities dominated by Gammaproteobacteria, and culture-based methods revealed communities dominated by Actinobacteria. Among the total operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from the HTS dataset, 6% were recovered in the culture collection. Four potentially novel bacterial strains belonging to Oceaniovalibus, Psychrobacter and Salegentibacter were isolated. The combination of media cultured more taxa than any single medium. Nutrient-rich and single-carbon/nitrogen-source media supported the growth of relatively few taxa, and the quality of nitrogen strongly influenced the types of bacteria isolated.

scholarly journals Linkages of Soil Nutrients and Diazotrophic Microbiome under Sugarcane-Legume Intercropping

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Solanki ◽  
Chang-Ning Li ◽  
Fei-Yong Wang ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Tao-Ju Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Nifh Gene ◽  
Cultivation Systems ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Alpha Proteobacteria ◽  
The Impact

Intercropping significantly improves land use efficiency and soil fertility. This study examines the impact of three cultivation systems (monoculture sugarcane, peanut-sugarcane and soybean-sugarcane intercropping) on soil properties and diazotrophs. Sugarcane rhizosphere soil was sampled from the farmers&rsquo; field. Soil properties and nifH gene abundance were analyzed by high throughput sequencing. Moreover, a total of 436,458 nifH gene sequences were obtained and classified into the 3201 unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Maximum unique OTUs resulted with soybean-sugarcane intercropping (&lt;375). The dominant groups across all cultivation were Alpha-proteobacteria and Beta-proteobacteria. On the basis of microbial community structure, intercropping systems were more diverse than monoculture sugarcane. In the genus level, Bradyrhizobium, Burkholderia, Pelomonas, and Sphingomonas were predominant in the intercropping systems. Moreover, diazotrophic bacterial communities of these cultivation systems were positively correlated to the soil pH and soil enzyme protease. Moreover, low available P recovered from intercropping system showed a strong correlation with higher nutrient uptake activity of soil microbes. Based on the results, our investigation concluded that intercropping system caused a positive effect on the growth of diazotrophic bacterial communities and it might boost the soil fertility and this kind of study helps to develop an eco-friendly technology for sustainable sugarcane production.

scholarly journals Antibiotics resistance in pathogenic bacteria isolated from water and sediment around the floating fish farms in the Nha Trang bay

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4A) ◽  
pp. 199-209
Author(s):  
Nguyen Kim Hanh ◽  
Nguyen Trinh Duc Hieu ◽  
Nguyen Minh Hieu ◽  
Vo Hai Thi ◽  
Pham Thi Mien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Nha Trang Bay ◽  
The Impact

To assess the impact of antibiotic use in aquaculture in Nha Trang bay, we conducted this study with the aim of assessing antibiotic resistance of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria isolated from water and sediment around shrimp/fish cages in the Nha Trang bay. 109 strains of Vibrio, Salmonella-Shigella and Aeromonas groups were isolated in the surrounding environment of farming areas in Dam Bay and Hon Mieu. Antimicrobial resistance test of these 109 strains showed that in the water environment in Dam Bay, TET (96.6%) and NIT (92.5%) were the two antibiotics with the highest rates of resistant bacteria while no bacteria were resistant to RIF. All 5 types of antibiotics had a statistically insignificant percentage of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in water samples at Hon Mieu, ranging from 33.3% to 68.9%. Also in the water environment, the rate of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in Dam Bay was not influenced by the distance to the cages (42.5–66.6%). Meanwhile, in Hon Mieu, the highest rate of resistant bacteria was observed at the distance of 200 m (100%) away from cages and the lowest rate at the distance of 100 m (20%). In the sediment environment around the cages, both the Dam Bay and Hon Mieu farming areas showed the highest rates of antibiotic-resistant bacteria against TET, NIF and RIF had the lowest rate of resistant bacteria. Among the total of 109 strains tested for antibiotic resistance, 2 strains labeled TCBS_HM200 m and SS_HM200 m were found to be resistant to all 5 tested antibiotics. These two strains were respectively identified as Vibrio harveyi and Oceanimonas sp.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Escherichia coli and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria During Fresh Produce Production (Romaine Lettuce) Using Municipal Wastewater Effluents

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey N. Summerlin ◽  
Cícero C. Pola ◽  
Eric S. McLamore ◽  
Terry Gentry ◽  
Raghupathy Karthikeyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Romaine Lettuce ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli

High demand for food and water encourages the exploration of new water reuse programs, including treated municipal wastewater usage. However, these sources could contain high contaminant levels posing risks to public health. The objective of this study was to grow and irrigate a leafy green (romaine lettuce) with treated wastewater from a municipal wastewater treatment plant to track Escherichia coli and antibiotic-resistant microorganisms through cultivation and post-harvest storage to assess their fate and prevalence. Contamination levels found in the foliage, leachate, and soil were directly (p &lt; 0.05) related to E. coli concentrations in the irrigation water. Wastewater concentrations from 177 to 423 CFU ml−1 resulted in 15–25% retention in the foliage. Leachate and soil presented means of 231 and 116% retention, respectively. E. coli accumulation on the foliage was observed (p &lt; 0.05) and increased by over 400% during 14-day storage (4°C). From randomly selected E. coli colonies, in all four biomass types, 81 and 34% showed resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin, respectively. Reclaimed wastewater usage for leafy greens cultivation could pose potential health risks, especially considering the bacteria found have a high probability of being antibiotic resistance. Successful reuse of wastewater in agriculture will depend on appropriate mitigation and management strategies to guarantee an inexpensive, efficient, and safe water supply.

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