The Ohio Data Story in Three Part

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-239
Author(s):  
Sara Andrews

The complex, intricate process of felony sentencing in Ohio makes ensuring clear, comprehendible sentences of the utmost import for the administration of justice and promoting confidence in the system. As such, for more than a year, the Ohio Criminal Sentencing Commission worked with justice system partners to develop a package of uniform felony sentencing documents that prescribe the most clear and concise, minimum language required to comply with Criminal Rule 32 and existing case law and establishes standardized, common data essential for identifying relationships and trends common to all felony courts. The adoption of the package of felony sentencing documents is the first step to begin standardized, aggregate felony sentencing data collection in Ohio—the Ohio Sentencing Data Platform. Sentencing data provide opportunities for robust research, including the ability to parse comparative data between counties, recognizing that community standards can drive law enforcement, prosecution, and sentencing decision-making. The Ohio Sentencing Data Platform will improve information about the people we are trying to help in the criminal justice system and has been met with enthusiastic interest and support from judges and courts throughout the state. Our modest, incremental path will ultimately yield high dividends in building public trust in criminal justice processes and outcomes. At the same time, without fiscal or administrative burden, it will help give judges and decision- makers access to the best information available to perform their public service duty in the most impactful way.

Author(s):  
Jordan C. Pickering

PurposeThroughout the last decade, a number of empirical studies have assessed the effectiveness of body-worn cameras (BWCs) among law enforcement agencies across the United States. The purpose of this paper is to examine officers' perceptions regarding the impact this technology has had on police-community relations, as well as the working relationship between police and other actors in the criminal justice system (e.g. prosecutors, jurors).Design/methodology/approachThe author conducted focus groups with officers (n = 89) from two local law enforcement agencies in California that had adopted BWCs in recent years. Participating officers discussed advantages and disadvantages they associated with BWCs, as well as how BWCs have impacted their relationship with the public and justice system personnel.FindingsOfficers recognized advantages to using BWCs, including the potential for positive changes in police behavior and the ability to protect officers against false citizen complaints. Officers also identified a number of disadvantages (or consequences) they associate with BWCs, such as the depreciation of credibility behind an officer's word and the impact of video footage on prosecutorial decision-making.Originality/valuePrior studies have gathered officers' perceptions regarding BWCs, but very few have assessed whether and how the use of this technology by law enforcement influences other actors within the criminal justice system. The findings from this study may prompt further empirical consideration regarding BWCs, especially with regard to whether police use of this technology significantly impacts citizens' trust in the police and how their use may impact prosecutorial and juror decision-making.


2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Byron Villagómez Moncayo

The involvement of the criminal justice system in immigration control is nowadays a global phenomenon that has called the attention of academics and practitioners. The Spanish legal regime has not been immune to this occurrence, encompassing a series of situations in which criminal courts are required to make decisions that can have significant implications upon immigration law enforcement. One of the most noteworthy provisions in this regard is that by which criminal courts are allowed to exercise discretionary prosecution to authorise the administrative expulsion of a prosecuted foreigner (Art. 57.7 Aliens Act). Drawing on focused observation of a court setting and semi-structured interviews with judges, prosecutors, clerks, court personnel and defence attorneys, the main findings of this paper hover around the idea that expulsion is a court’s culturally constructed punishment, defined more by the meanings attributed to it by court actors than by its formal legal categorisation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-100
Author(s):  
Malwina Anna Wojcik

The pressure on the criminal justice system in England and Wales is mounting. Recent figures reveal that despite a rise in recorded crime, the number of defendants in court proceedings has been the lowest in 50 years. This indicates a crisis of access to criminal justice. Predictive policing and risk assessment programmes based on algorithmic decision making (ADM) offer a prospect of increasing efficiency of law enforcement, eliminating delays and cutting the costs. These technologies are already used in the UK for crime-mapping and facilitating decisions regarding prosecution of arrested individuals. In the US their deployment is much wider, covering also sentencing and parole applications.


2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Ward ◽  
Lucy Williams

The criminal justice system of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century England has been likened to a corridor of connected rooms or stage sets. At each stage in the judicial process—from detection and apprehension through to trial, sentencing, and punishment—decisions were made that might remove the accused from the system entirely, or propel that person further along the process into a number of possible outcomes. That decision making (including the identity of the decision makers and the criteria upon which their decisions were based) has been the subject of much historical study. Less attention has been given to the individual experiences—the singular journeys—of the accused through this labyrinthine process. This is in large part because of the inherent evidential and methodological difficulties of reconstructing judicial pathways and the wider criminal lives of offenders. As Tim Hitchcock and Robert Shoemaker note, the archives of criminal justice were created to manage the bureaucracy of prosecution and punishment, not to reveal the criminal's navigation of that system. Tracing an individual offender's journey through the judicial process (and that person's life beyond) therefore entails piecing together fragments spread almost randomly across hundreds of thousands of pages.


1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald W. Smith ◽  
Jerry D. Debenham

"Crimesim" is a new computer simulation model that can be adapted for use in any criminal justice system or agency without extensive knowledge of computers or computer languages. The model is designed to be used by researchers, planners, and decision makers. Crimesim models a system by allowing one to determine which of available alternatives will provide the greatest benefit, in terms of stated priorities and cost effectiveness. The model can be used as a tool in decision making by helping the user to organize and analyze information and assess possible alternatives.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1984-1990

Among the law enforcement work in the criminal justice system, police are the most attractive, because in it there are many human involvement as decision makers. The police can in essence be seen as a living law, because it is in the hands of the police that the law is embodied, at least in the criminal law. If the law aims to create order in society, such as by fighting against evil, then in the end, it is the police who will determine what is concretely called ordering, who should be subdued, who should be protected and so on


2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 456-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Shapiro

Predictive analytics and artificial intelligence are applied widely across law enforcement agencies and the criminal justice system. Despite criticism that such tools reinforce inequality and structural discrimination, proponents insist that they will nonetheless improve the equality and fairness of outcomes by countering humans’ biased or capricious decision-making. How can predictive analytics be understood simultaneously as a source of, and solution to, discrimination and bias in criminal justice and law enforcement? The article provides a framework for understanding the techno-political gambit of predictive policing as a mechanism of police reform—a discourse that I call “predictive policing for reform.” Focusing specifically on geospatial predictive policing systems, I argue that “predictive policing for reform” should be seen as a flawed attempt to rationalize police patrols through an algorithmic remediation of patrol geographies. The attempt is flawed because predictive systems operate on the sociotechnical practices of police patrols, which are themselves contradictory enactments of the state’s power to distribute safety and harm. The ambiguities and contradictions of the patrol are not resolved through algorithmic remediation. Instead, they lead to new indeterminacies, trade-offs, and experimentations based on unfalsifiable claims. I detail these through a discussion of predictive policing firm HunchLab’s use of predictive analytics to rationalize patrols and mitigate bias. Understanding how the “predictive policing for reform” discourse is operationalized as a series of technical fixes that rely on the production of indeterminacies allows for a more nuanced critique of predictive policing.


2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Baillot ◽  
Sharon Cowan ◽  
Vanessa E. Munro

AbstractAsylum applicants in the UK must show, to a ‘reasonable degree of likelihood’, a well-founded fear of persecution, on the basis of race, religion, political opinion or membership of a particular social group, in the event of return ‘home’. This requirement presents myriad challenges both to claimants and decision-makers. Based on findings from a three-year national study, funded by the Nuffield Foundation, this paper explores those challenges as they relate to women seeking asylum in the UK whose applications include an allegation of rape. The study explored the extent to which difficulties relating to disclosure and credibility, which are well documented in the context of women's sexual assault allegations in the criminal justice system, might be replicated and compounded for female asylum-seekers whose applications include a claim of rape. Findings suggest that the structural and practical obstacles faced in establishing credibility, and the existence of scepticism about rape claims and asylum-seeking more generally, mean that decision-making can often be experienced as arbitrary, unjust, uninformed or contradictory, making it difficult for women asylum applicants who allege rape to find refuge in the UK.


2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Ghonu

ABSTRACTInternally there is a factor in the every person to commit a crime, so that in need of institutions that can regulate the life of the community so that the life of the community so that the rights of every human being can be protected. On this based John Locke put forward the theory known of social contract theory. According to his theory the state is built on the basis of social contract between the government as the holder of power with the people as the holder of sovereignty. Governments are given the power to organize order and create an atmosphere in which the people can enjoy there natural rights safety. On the other hard the people will obey the government if the rights are guaranteed. The task of provecting human rights in society at the level of public interest in the obligation and  responsibility of the state. The duty by the state is then submitted to the law enforcement apparatus as a componen in the criminal justice system consisting of the police, prosekutors, courts and correctional institution popularized as the “criminal justice system”. As a componen of the criminal justice system, prosekutors are required to always independence from the interference of any party including the executive. However it apparently that the attorney general will find it difficult to be free from executive intervention because is structurally. The attorney general is executive power. The attorney general however as the leader of the prosecutor institution must structurally submit to has attributor the President. The independence of the prosecutor needed in order to enforce the law in on honest, fair, independent, responsible, professional and transparant manner that up holds the principles of fair trial and equality before the law. This is should be done because the attorney general is a determinant factor in criminal law enforcement as a bar for prosecution of criminal cases to court. In law enforcement practice so far can be publically know that the prosecutors office in carrying out its duties and responsible still not free from the authors. Now is the time for the idea of a constructive to build an independent and independent prosecutors image in a real sense by rising the general theme of “the independence of the prosecutor office in the criminal justice system in Indonesia”. ABSTRAKSecara internal terdapat adanya faktor kecenderungan setiap orang untuk melakukan kejahatan, sehingga dibutuhkan institusi yang dapat mengatur kehidupan masyarakat agar hak-hak setiap manusia dapat terlindungi. Atas dasar inilah John Locke mengemukakan teori yang dikenal sebagai social contract theory (teori kontrak sosial). Menurut teori ini, Negara dibangun atas dasar kontrak sosial antara pemerintah sebagai pemegang kekuasaan dengan rakyat sebagai pemegang kedaulatan. Pemerintah diberikan kekuasaan untuk menyelenggarakan ketertiban dan menciptakan suasanadimana rakyat dapat menikmati hak-hak alamnya (natural right) dengan aman. Di lain pihak rakyat akan mematuhi pemerintah apabila hak-hak tersebut terjamin. Tugas untuk melindungi hak-hak manusia dalam masyarakat pada tataran kepentingan publik adalah menjadi kewajiban dan tanggung jawab negara. Tugas tersebut oleh negara selanjutnya diserahkan kepada aparat penegak hukum sebagai suatu komponen dalam sistem peradilan pidana yang terdiri dari instansi kepolisian, kejaksaan, pengadilan dan lembaga pemasyarakatan yang secara populis dikenal dengan sebutan criminal justice system. Sebagai komponen dari sistem peradilan pidana, kejaksaan dituntut untuk selalu menjaga independensinya dari campur tangan pihak manapun termasuk eksekutif. Namun nampaknya kejaksaan akan sulit untuk terbebas dari campur tangan eksekutif karena secara struktural, kejaksaan berada di bawah kekuasaan eksekutif. Bagaimanapun juga, Jaksa Agung sebagai pemimpin lembaga kejaksaan secara struktural harus tunduk kepada atasannya, yaitu Presiden sebagai pemegang tertinggi kekuasaan eksekutif. Independensi kejaksaan dibutuhkan agar dalam penegakan hukum dilakukan secarajujur, adil, mandiri, bertanggungjawab, profesional dan transparan yang menjunjung tinggi prinsip-prinsip fair trial dan equality before the law. Hal ini harus dilakukan karena kejaksaan merupakan faktor determinan dalam penegakan hukum pidana sebagai palang pintu bagi penuntutan perkara pidana ke pengadilan. Dalam praktek penegakan hukum selama ini secara kasat mata dapat diketahui publik bahwa kejaksaan dalam mengemban tugas dan tanggungjawabnya masih belum bebas dari intervensi kekuasaan eksekutif, karena esensinya kejaksaan adalah perpanjangan tangan dari Presiden selaku kepala kekuasaan eksekutif negara. Menurut penulis, saatini sudah saatnya untuk digagas pemikiran yang konstruktif untuk membangun citra kejaksaan yang mandiri dan independen dalam arti nyata dengan mengangkat tema sentral “independensi kejaksaan dalam sistem peradilan pidana di Indonesia”.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Erieg Adi Cahyono*

Police function in the state government system in the presence of police institutions is indispensable to the community. No community does not have a police institution. Police are tasked  with  maintaining  the security and public Order (Kamtibmas). In addition, police also acted as law enforcement officers. Police are part of the criminal justice system along with other law enforcement officers, namely prosecutors and courts. The important role of human resources of Gresik in improving public services is very important to improve the quality that is in accordance with the expectations of the community and  implemented  in  a unified  network that is simple, open  , smooth, precise, complete, reasonable, and affordable in accordance with the principles of public service.


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