A Community between Two Nations

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Xiaorong
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Government ◽  
Overseas Chinese ◽  
Chinese Community ◽  
Normal School ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Triangular Relationship ◽  
North Vietnam ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Two Sides

By analyzing the materials presented by two opposing sides involved in a recent dispute over the history of the Overseas Chinese Normal School in Hà Nội, this article shows the triangular relationship of the Chinese community in North Vietnam, the North Vietnamese government, and the Chinese government. The author examines how the rise and fall of the normal school, and the confrontations between the two sides involved in the dispute, were closely related to changes in the Sino-Vietnamese relationship.

SPOILED GUESTS OR DEDICATED PATRIOTS? THE CHINESE IN NORTH VIETNAM, 1954–1978

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Han
Keyword(s):  
School System ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Chinese Community ◽  
Northern Vietnam ◽  
The North ◽  
Chinese School ◽  
Triangular Relationship ◽  
North Vietnam ◽  
The Relationship

This article examines the triangular relationship among the Chinese community of northern Vietnam, the North Vietnamese government, and China, focusing in particular on how the relationship affected the ethnic and national identities of Chinese residents in North Vietnam between 1954 and 1978. Scrutiny of the two important issues of citizenship and the Chinese school system reveals that North Vietnamese leaders adopted lenient policies toward Chinese residents mainly because they saw the relationship between the Vietnamese state and the Chinese community as part and parcel of North Vietnam's relationship with China. These policies ultimately contributed to a delay in the assimilation of Chinese residents, and by the end of the 1970s they still had not completed the transformation from well-treated sojourners into citizens of Vietnam. Though many Chinese residents embraced a status of privileged outsider, others willingly participated on Vietnam's behalf in the war against America. After reunification, the desire to clarify loyalty, i.e. to “purify” the nation-state, led the Vietnamese government to initiate an aggressive process of forced assimilation. This policy, and the deterioration of relations between Vietnam and China in the late 1970s, triggered an exodus of Chinese residents.

Royal Supremacy in Ancient Demesne Churches

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-302
Author(s):  
J. H. Denton
Keyword(s):  
Abundant Evidence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Parish Churches ◽  
Royal Supremacy ◽  
Triangular Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
Surprising Fact

It is a surprising fact that, despite all the energy that has been devoted by medievalists to the relations between the king and the Church, no one has attempted to answer the question: what was the extent of the king's authority in his own parish churches? Naturally the English crown, like the lay lords and like the monasteries and like the bishops, possessed the patronage of churches. How did the triangular relationship of king/bishop/pope operate in practice in the royal churches? Others have addressed themselves to the sacred nature of kingship, to the spiritual capacity of the priest-king. Some have been concerned, for example, with the changing concept of kingship, as was E. H. Kantorowicz, or with the claims that the king possessed the power of healing and could cure scrofula, as was Marc Bloch. These issues and their like pose the problem of bridging the gap between the concept or the claim and the exercise of authority or power. An examination of the history of royal churches provides abundant evidence of claims and counter-claims, but our concern in the end must be with the actual extent and nature of the king's control and jurisdiction.

What Is This “Chinese” in Overseas Chinese? Sojourn Work and the Place of China's Minority Nationalities in Extraterritorial Chinese-ness

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Vasantkumar
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Diaspora ◽  
Overseas Chinese ◽  
Chinese Community ◽  
Qing Empire ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Chinese Nationalism ◽  
Chinese Nation ◽  
Imperial Expansion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multiethnic Populations

This essay argues that to adequately answer the question its title poses, anthropological approaches to national and transnational China(s) must be grounded in the history of Qing imperial expansion. To this end, it compares and explores the connections between three examples of the “sojourn work” that has gone into making mobile, multiethnic populations abroad into Overseas Chinese. The first example deals with recent official attempts to project the People's Republic of China's multiethnic vision of Chinese-ness beyond its national borders. The second highlights the importance of the early Chinese nation-state in the making of Overseas Chinese community in Southeast Asia in the first decades of the twentieth century. The final case foregrounds the late imperial routes of nascent Chinese nationalism to argue that, in contrast to much of the current rhetoric on the Chinese “diaspora,” national and transnational modes of Chinese community emerged together from the ruins of the Qing empire. Together the three examples point to the need to question the usual ways scholars have conceptualized (Overseas) Chinese-ness.

Long Term Changes in Abundance of Eggs of the Cornish Pilchard (Sardina Pilchardus Walbaum) Off Plymouth

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Southward
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Personal Communications ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inshore Waters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Hearsay Evidence ◽  
The Relationship

The inshore fishery for the pilchard in Cornish waters has existed for several hundred years, and such records as are available concerning fluctuation in catches and market conditions have been reviewed by Couch (1865), Cushing (1957) and Culley (1971). Although pilchard have been landed from Lyme Bay, from the eastern half of the Channel, and from the southern North Sea (Couch, 1865; Furnestin, 1945; Cushing, 1957; personal communications G. T. Boalch) the catches have usually been incidental to other fisheries and more sporadic than in Cornish waters. Traditionally there are three areas fished for the Cornish pilchard: on the north-west coast around St Ives; in Mounts Bay and towards the Scillies; and between the Lizard Pt and Bolt Tail in Devon (Couch, 1865; Culley, 1971). The latter region, constituting the inshore waters of south-east Cornwall and south Devon, effectively forms the eastern limits of the regular occurrence of commercial shoals. Knowledge of the breeding and life-history of the fish in this region has always been scarce and subject to much hearsay evidence (reviewed in Southward, 1963). Up to quite recently it was thought that the main spawning area lay well to the west of the entrance to the Channel, and it was not until the investigations reported by Corbin (1947,195°) a nd Cushing (1957)tnat it was conclusively shown that extensive spawning can occur within the English Channel from May to October. The relationship of the spawning in the western Channel to the other areas of spawning off the entrance to the Channel and in the northern Bay of Biscay is illustrated in a recent series of reports (Arbault & Boutin, 1968; Arbault & Lacroix-Boutin, 1969; Arbault & Lacroix, 1971; Wallace, P. D. & Pleasants, C. A., duplicated ICES meeting paper CM 1972/J: 8), and is further demonstrated by Demir & Southward (1974) in discussing the results of a study of small scale seasonal changes in spawning intensity in inshore waters.

Buddhism in the history of China in Southern and Northern kingdoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-4) ◽  
pp. 216-225
Author(s):  
Leonid Yangutov ◽  
Marina Orbodoeva
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eastern Jin ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Further Development ◽  
North And South

The article is devoted to the history of Buddhism in China during the period of the Southern and Northern Kingdoms (Nanbeichao, 386-589). The features of the development of Buddhism in the North and South are shown. Three aspects were identified: 1) the attitude of emperors of kingdoms to Buddhism; 2) the relationship of the state apparatus and the Buddhist sangha; 3) the process of further development of Buddhism in China in the context of its adaptation to the Chinese mentality, formed on the basis of the traditional worldview. It was revealed that Buddhism in the context of its adaptation to the Chinese mentality, both in the North and in the South, developed with the traditions of Buddhism of the Eastern Jin period to the same extent.

Oil spill, August 1944: the CULA expedition and the North Slope Inupiat

Polar Record ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-211
Author(s):  
Robert A. Perkins
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
North Slope ◽  
World War ◽  
The North ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
Navy Personnel ◽  
Relationship Of

ABSTRACTAn oil spill that occurred on 21 August 1944 near the Inupiat village of Barrow on Alaska's North Slope provides the focus for a brief history of activity in the face of extreme conditions and the evolving relationship of US Navy personnel and Inupiat natives of the region. The emotional recollections of an Inupiat elder are contrasted with the growing respect of the navy personnel for the Inupiat. The economic and social effects of oil explorations towards the end of World War II and the early post-war years are briefly discussed. These events form a part of the socio-economic background of current and proposed arctic oil development.

HEURESIBIOS SON OF SYRISKOS AND THE QUESTION OF TYRANNY IN OLBIA PONTIKE (FIFTH–FOURTH CENTURY BC)

2018 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 399-414
Author(s):  
Joanna Porucznik
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
The Political ◽  
Achaemenid Empire ◽  
The North ◽  
Political Relationship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Delian League ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The City

This paper examines the ancient written, numismatic and archaeological sources that pertain to the political history of Olbia Pontike in the fifth and early fourth century bc. Several Olbian inscriptions that mention a certain Heuresibios son of Syriskos have been connected with a possible episode of tyranny that may have taken place in the city of Olbia. Most of the inscriptions are in a poor state of preservation and their interpretation has often been based on uncertain reconstructions of the texts; therefore, a re-examination of these inscriptions is provided alongside an analysis of other evidence that provides a broader historical background to the political situation in Olbia during that time. Olbia's status in the Delian League and the Athenian political and cultural influence on Olbia are examined. It is argued that the introduction of a political cult of Zeus Eleutherios was a reaction to a political change in Olbia that resulted in the establishment of democracy. Lastly, the economic and political relationship of the Achaemenid Empire with the North Pontic region, especially in relation to local coinage, is discussed, which allows for a synthesis of the material gathered.

Lébous

Antiquity ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 38 (151) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Arnal ◽  
H. Martin-Granel ◽  
E. Sangmeister
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
True Nature ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Village ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Late Roman

We have been 50 bold as to call the LCbous site a ‘castle’ because, architecturally, it is in plan very like a medieval castle: it is trapeze-shaped, measuring 50 m. on two sides and 75 m. on the other two sides, and it is reinforced at its angles and along its walls with round towers. The enclosure is of dry stone walling about a metre thick, and the towers are about 2 m. 50 cm. in diameter inside, and spaced 24 m. apart from each other. On the north face a tower has been replaced by a rectangular entrance protected by two walls arranged like antennae (FIG. 2). The walls now stand only 60 to 80 cm. high, but one imagines that originally they rose to a height of 1½ m. (PL. XXVIII).It is not suggested that we are dealing with a castle in the strict sense of that word: surely Ltbous is a fortified village site, and as such unique in the prehistory of western Europe and of very great importance. We need not concern ourselves here with the history of the discovery of the site, except to say that in the course of the excavation of seven Hallstatt barrows, tower no. 3 was found underneath them. As the towers and walls are all covered by Hallstatt and Bronze Age barrows, a late Roman wall, medieval. constructions, and even ploughed fields (surprising for garrigue country), it is not surprising that it took nearly seven years to discover the true nature of this fortified village.The site is 1 km. south of the village of St-Mathieu and in the commune of St-Mathieu-de-Tréviers on the ridge known as the Ltbous [1]. Our excavations have already been published in France and Germany [2]; here we wish to summarize our work for English readers and to refer to the most recent excavations, hitherto unpublished.

Role and policies of presidents in the union of the two Korean states

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
A.M. Zhandossova ◽  
◽  
Sh.M. Zhandossova ◽  
М.М. Nurov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
Short Term ◽  
National Community ◽  
The North ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article examines the relationship of the two Korean states to unification, as well as the policies and various programs of the presidents who ruled the country after the separation. The authors characterized inter-Korean relations as «a history of long-term conflicts and short-term cooperation». The history of post-party relations between the North and the South is also studied, the need for a national community, the current state of the integration environment and how the peaceful reunification of the two countries will take place.

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