Listening, Imagining, Performing

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Music Cognition ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Perceptual Unit ◽  
Musical Works ◽  
Auditory Scene

Melody has been defined as a distinct perceptual unit that exhibits stability and coherence to listeners and performers. These psychological processes (distinctiveness, stability, coherence) contribute to the foundations of three theories of music cognition (Bregman, 1990; Krumhansl, 1990; Narmour, 1990), yet several mysteries still exist in the human experience of melody. From early exposure to lullabies and brief exposures in advertising jingles, to the full-length concert exposure of complex musical works, listeners’ imagination and focus are captured in unique ways by the experience of melody. People with various amounts of musical training hum, tap, clap, and find other ways of interacting with a melody; they perform to it. Listeners report the experience of a recurring melody playing in their minds (earworms). I discuss neuroscience findings that aid in modeling the fine-level time course of melodic experiences, and address how the listener/performer identifies a melody as distinct in a complex auditory scene, how expectations unfold in implications and realizations that contribute to coherence, and how hierarchical tonal relationships of stability are detected. The life cycle of a melody in the ears, brain, and heart of a listener/performer sheds light on the human experience of music.

Re-evaluation of the life cycle of Eimeria maxima Tyzzer, 1929 in chickens (Gallus domesticus)

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (8) ◽  
pp. 1051-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Dubey ◽  
M. C. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Parasitophorous Vacuole ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Residual Body ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Eimeria Maxima ◽  
Time Course Study

AbstractA time-course study was conducted to resolve discrepancies in the literature and better define aspects of the Eimeria maxima life cycle such, as sites of development and both morphology and number of asexual stages. Broiler chickens were inoculated orally with five million E. maxima oocysts (APU1), and were necropsied at regular intervals from 12 to 120 h p.i. Small intestine tissue sections and smears were examined for developmental stages. The jejunum contained the highest numbers of developmental stages. At 12 h p.i., sporozoites were observed inside a parasitophorous vacuole (PV) in the epithelial villi and the lamina propria. By 24 h, sporozoites enclosed by a PV were observed in enterocytes of the glands of Lieberkühn. At 48 h p.i., sporozoites, elongated immature and mature schizonts, were all seen in the glands with merozoites budding off from a residual body. By 60 h, second-generation, sausage-shaped schizonts containing up to 12 merozoites were observed around a residual body in the villar tip of invaded enterocytes. At 72 and 96 h, profuse schizogony associated with third- and fourth-generation schizonts was observed throughout the villus. At 120 h, another generation (fifth) of schizonts were seen in villar tips as well as in subepithelium where gamonts and oocysts were also present; a few gamonts were in epithelium. Our finding of maximum parasitization of E. maxima in jejunum is important because this region is critical for nutrient absorption and weight gain.

scholarly journals Synchronized practice helps bearded capuchin monkeys learn to extend attention while learning a tradition

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (30) ◽  
pp. 7798-7805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy M. Fragaszy ◽  
Yonat Eshchar ◽  
Elisabetta Visalberghi ◽  
Briseida Resende ◽  
Kellie Laity ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Capuchin Monkeys ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Nut Cracking ◽  
Nonhuman Species ◽  
Over Time

Culture extends biology in that the setting of development shapes the traditions that individuals learn, and over time, traditions evolve as occasional variations are learned by others. In humans, interactions with others impact the development of cognitive processes, such as sustained attention, that shape how individuals learn as well as what they learn. Thus, learning itself is impacted by culture. Here, we explore how social partners might shape the development of psychological processes impacting learning a tradition. We studied bearded capuchin monkeys learning a traditional tool-using skill, cracking nuts using stone hammers. Young monkeys practice components of cracking nuts with stones for years before achieving proficiency. We examined the time course of young monkeys’ activity with nuts before, during, and following others’ cracking nuts. Results demonstrate that the onset of others’ cracking nuts immediately prompts young monkeys to start handling and percussing nuts, and they continue these activities while others are cracking. When others stop cracking nuts, young monkeys sustain the uncommon actions of percussing and striking nuts for shorter periods than the more common actions of handling nuts. We conclude that nut-cracking by adults can promote the development of sustained attention for the critical but less common actions that young monkeys must practice to learn this traditional skill. This work suggests that in nonhuman species, as in humans, socially specified settings of development impact learning processes as well as learning outcomes. Nonhumans, like humans, may be culturally variable learners.

scholarly journals Time course of  13C in poplar wood: genotype ranking remains stable over the life cycle in plantations despite some differences between cellulose and bulk wood

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1183-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Rasheed ◽  
B. Richard ◽  
D. Le Thiec ◽  
P. Montpied ◽  
E. Paillassa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Poplar Wood

scholarly journals Probing the time course of head-motion cues integration during auditory scene analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirohito M. Kondo ◽  
Iwaki Toshima ◽  
Daniel Pressnitzer ◽  
Makio Kashino
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Auditory Scene Analysis ◽  
Scene Analysis ◽  
Head Motion ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Auditory Scene

Why Do You Believe in Pseudoscience or Disbelieve in Science?

2020 ◽  
pp. 116-131
Author(s):  
Yoshimasa Majima
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Motivated Reasoning ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Psychological Mechanism

People sometimes hold irrational beliefs even when empirical evidence obviously debunks claims central to beliefs. This chapter reviews empirical studies exploring underlying psychological processes of holding empirically suspect beliefs with a particular focus on belief in pseudoscience. The author explains empirical findings from a dual process view of thinking. Recent studies show individuals with higher analytic tendency exhibit more ideologically polarized reasoning than those with lower analytical tendency. These results suggest a significance of motivated reasoning in order to fully understand the psychological mechanism of everyday beliefs. Future research suggestions emphasize remaining questions, such as a developmental time course of, a cultural diversity of, and evolutional origins and functions of the belief in pseudoscience.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the Life Cycle of Porcine Deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) In Vitro: Replication Kinetics, Cellular Ultrastructure and Virion Morphology, and Evidence of Inducing Autophagy

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Qin ◽  
En-Zhong Du ◽  
Wen-Ting Luo ◽  
Yong-Le Yang ◽  
Yu-Qi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Infection Cycle ◽  
Genomic Rna ◽  
Double Membrane ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Cellular Ultrastructure ◽  
First Time

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) causes severe diarrhea and vomiting in affected piglets. The aim of this study was to establish the basic, in vitro characteristics of the life cycle such as replication kinetics, cellular ultrastructure, virion morphology, and induction of autophagy of PDCoV. Time-course analysis of viral subgenomic and genomic RNA loads and infectious titers indicated that one replication cycle of PDCoV takes 5 to 6 h. Electron microscopy showed that PDCoV infection induced the membrane rearrangements with double-membrane vesicles and large virion-containing vacuoles. The convoluted membranes structures described in alpha- and beta-coronavirus were not observed. PDCoV infection also increased the number of autophagosome-like vesicles in the cytoplasm of cells, and the autophagy response was detected by LC3 I/II and p62 Western blot analysis. For the first time, this study presents the picture of the PDCoV infection cycle, which is crucial to help elucidate the molecular mechanism of deltacoronavirus replication.

scholarly journals Introduction of innovative technologies in the study of music disciplines in higher educational institutions of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 1618-1634
Author(s):  
Hanna Karas ◽  
Lesia Romaniuk ◽  
Iryna Novosiadla ◽  
Liudmyla Obukh ◽  
Zhanna Zvarychuk
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
World Music ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Choral Conducting ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Musical Works ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multimedia Technologies

The problem of modernisation of the modern educational system in Ukraine, updating the content and organisational forms of teaching and education, techniques and methods of pedagogical work in higher education encourages the search for new methods and tools of teaching and learning, introduction of innovative technologies, including information and communication. The study considers the application of multimedia technologies, interactive learning and coaching technologies in the study of music-theoretical and music-historical disciplines ("Music Theory", "Solfeggio", "Harmony", "Polyphony", "Analysis of Musical Works", "History of World Music" and "History of Ukrainian Music"), which constitute the fundamental basis of musical training of future professionals, the development of their musicological competencies of various types and content, as well as in mastering the disciplines ("Piano as the Major Instrument ", "Choral Conducting", "Choral Class"), which develop special competencies.

scholarly journals Intermediality and problems of interpretation of the vocal cycle "The Short Straw" of Francis Poulenc

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Iryna Vezhnevets
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Art History ◽  
Art Criticism ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Francis Poulenc ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Sign System ◽  
Musical Works ◽  
Further Development

The purpose of the article is due to the need to study the peculiarities of the interpretation of the artistic texts of the vocal cycle of F. Poulenc on the poem by M. Karem "Straw" in the intermedial space. The methodology is based on an integrated approach using comparative, structural, interdisciplinary methods and narrative analysis to understand the psychological processes that arise when interpreting a vocal cycle, involves the inclusion of the problem of analysis in the space of art history and cultural discourse in an interdisciplinary context. Scientific novelty the scientific novelty lies in the fact that the vocal cycle of F. Poulenc was first investigated as a full-fledged semiotic space, a universal plane of the textual category of intertextuality, which, along with the specific characteristics of its sign system, conveys "figurative" information. Conclusions Analysis of philosophical, musicological, art criticism literature gives grounds to assert that the intermediality of vocal work is closely related to the concepts: "synthesis of arts", "narrative", "ekphrasis", "synesthesia", "suggestion", etc. F. Poulenc to poems by M. Karem “A Short Straw” is a full-fledged semiotic space that corresponds to the universal textual category of intertextuality, which, along with the specific characteristics of its sign system, conveys “figurative” information. The intermediality of vocal work is based on the interaction of artistic codes of various types of arts, as the formation of an integral poly art space in the cultural system. The combination of narrative and intermedial approaches to musical works is increasingly becoming one of the most relevant trends in modern musicology, the further development of the theory and practice of intermediality.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic analysis of the early strobilar development of Echinococcus granulosus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Antonio Debarba ◽  
Karina Mariante Monteiro ◽  
Alexandra Lehmkuhl Gerber ◽  
Ana Tereza Ribeiro de Vasconcelos ◽  
Arnaldo Zaha
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Transcription Profiles ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
Key Genes

AbstractBackgroundEchinococcus granulosus has a complex life cycle involving two mammalian hosts. The transition from one host to another is accompanied by changes in gene expression, and the transcriptional events that underlie these processes have not yet been fully characterized.ResultsIn this study, RNA-seq is used to compare the transcription profiles of four time samples of E. granulosus protoscoleces in vitro induced to strobilar development. We identified 818 differentially expressed genes, which were divided into eight expression clusters formed over the entire 24 hours time course and indicated different transcriptional patterns. An enrichment of gene transcripts with molecular functions of signal transduction, enzymes and protein modifications was observed with progression of development.ConclusionThis transcriptomic study provides insight for understanding the complex life cycle of E. granulosus and contributes for searching for the key genes correlating with the strobilar development, providing interesting hints for further studies.

The Compassion Cultivation Training (CCT) Program

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe R. Goldin ◽  
Hooria Jazaieri
Keyword(s):  
Training Programs ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Stanford University ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Complex Concept ◽  
Clinical Interest

Compassion is a powerful feature of human experience and is a key component of individual, interpersonal, organizational and societal well-being. It is a fundamental skill that can be trained. Cultivating compassion may contribute to sustained well-being in individuals, groups, and organizations. There is now a growing scientific and clinical interest in understanding how compassion can be cultivated, and a need to examine what psychological processes are modulated by compassion training programs. The goal of this chapter is to briefly define the complex concept of compassion, describe the structure and content of the compassion cultivation training (CCT) program designed at Stanford University, and then share some of the empirical findings of research on CCT in community samples.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document