Virtuoso Codes of Violin Performance: Power, Military Heroism, and Gender (1789-1830)

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 089-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maiko Kawabata
Keyword(s):  
Military Leaders ◽  
Violin Concerto ◽  
Military Band ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Band Music ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
Gendered Power ◽  
Violin Performance ◽  
And Gender

Beyond its glossy surface of virtuosity and lyricism, a violin concerto is replete with a vocabulary of hidden and (on second glance) not so hidden gestures. From Beethoven's timpani strokes to Paganini's marches and fanfares, the genre employs a host of "heroic" elements and gestures borrowed from military band music. In the period 1789-1830 these borrowings were hardly restricted to a purely musical level. Rather, I argue, military themes and ideas permeated virtually every aspect of a violin concerto's composition, performance, and reception. In the famous concertos as with countless now-forgotten works (of Viotti, Kreutzer, Rode, Baillot, Spohr, Alday, De Beriot, Lipinski, and Prume), the combination of military topoi with the soloist's leading role characterized the violinist as a military hero. Simultaneously, the tendency to compare violinists to mythological or historical figures became increasingly focused on the image of military leaders (Scipio, Alexander, and Napoleon). All the while, the act of performance exuded masculine codes of power, partly through the symbolism of the bow as a weapon. Taken together, it is these codes of military heroism and gendered power that shaped the culture of violin virtuosity, itself an outgrowth of a larger cultural trend stemming from NapolŽonÕs own military heroism.

scholarly journals Book Review: The World of the Civil War: A Daily Life Encyclopedia

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Michael L Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Military Leaders ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
Primary Documents ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Work Family

This work is part of Greenwood’s Daily Life Encyclopedias series which addresses the branch of historical scholarship that emphasizes the roles and experiences of ordinary people rather than focusing exclusively on political/military leaders and similar prominent historical figures. Its 230-plus entries are divided into ten categories: “Arts”; “Clothing, Fashion, and Appearance”; “Economy and Work”; “Family Life and Gender Roles”; “Food and Drink”; “Housing and Community”; “Politics and Warfare”; “Recreation and Social Customs”; “Religion and Belief”; and “Science and Technology.” Copies of fifteen primary documents follow the main section. Each section begins with a brief introduction that sets the context, followed by alphabetical entries for each sub-topic. Entries average 2–3 pages. Black and white illustrations are interspersed throughout the text. A table of contents conveniently lists all entries alphabetically under each broad category. Other features include a chronology, “see also” references to related articles, further reading lists for each entry, a selected bibliography, and detailed subject index.

Jean Sibelius's Violin Concerto

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina K. Ramnarine
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Recording Technology ◽  
Violin Concerto ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Violin Playing ◽  
Political Figure ◽  
Early Training

This book highlights the unique insights that Jean Sibelius’s Violin Concerto in D Minor (op. 47) offers into the composer’s musical imagination, violin virtuosity, and connections between violin-playing traditions. It discusses the concerto’s cultural contexts, performers who are connected with its early history, and recordings of the work. Beginning with Sibelius’s early training as a violinist and his aspirations to be a virtuoso player, the book traces the composition of the concerto at a dramatic political moment in Finnish history. This concerto was composed when Finland, as an autonomous Grand Duchy within the Russian Empire, was going through a period of intense struggle for self-determination and protest against Russian imperial policies. Taking the concerto’s historical context into consideration leads to a new paradigm of the twentieth-century virtuoso as a political figure, which replaces nineteenth-century representations of the virtuoso as a magical figure. The book explores this paradigm by analyzing twentieth-century violin virtuosity in terms of labor, recording technology, and gender politics, especially the new possibilities for women aiming to develop musical careers. Ultimately, the book moves away from the compositional context of the concerto and a reading of the virtuoso as a political figure to reveal how Sibelius’s musical imagination prompts thinking about the long ecological histories of musical transmission and virtuosity.

General Patton and Lieutenant Winters: a contrast in leadership

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 541-549
Author(s):  
Jordon Swain ◽  
Lissa Young
Keyword(s):  
Dark Side ◽  
Toxic Leadership ◽  
Military Leaders ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Shell Shock ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
Personality Perception ◽  
Video Case Study ◽  
Second World

Synopsis This video case study exercise uses excerpts from the movie Patton and the HBO series Band of Brothers to juxtapose two military leaders (General George S. Patton and Lieutenant Dick Winters) as they face strikingly similar situations – each interacts with a subordinate experiencing “battle fatigue” (a.k.a. shell shock, PTSD) during the Second World War. Patton appears to lack emotional intelligence (EI) as he apparently loses control and strikes a soldier he believes is demonstrating cowardice. Winters, on the other hand, takes a much different approach when dealing with a subordinate in a similar situation. This case exercise is designed to augment assigned theoretical readings and increase student conceptual and practical insight into the construct of EI. Research methodology The analysis of film and biographies is based on historical figures. Relevant courses and levels The case is best used with undergraduates in management or leadership courses who may lack the contextual background to discuss certain aspects of leadership. Specifically, the case is designed to explore the elements that comprise EI as well as how EI may affect a leader’s effectiveness. The case study can also be used to challenge common conceptions of how EI may manifest and to discuss the potential “dark side” of EI. Theoretical bases This case study exercise centers on the concept of EI, with an emphasis on providing a robust understanding of the concept, including how context may come into play and how EI may have a “dark side.” The exercise could also be used to facilitate discussion of multiple topics normally covered in undergraduate management or leadership courses such as personality, perception and attribution, authentic leadership, toxic leadership, transformational leadership and motivation.

scholarly journals Features of inflection skills of preschoolers with general speech underdevelopment

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Bazhenova ◽  
Yu. S. Mokhova
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level ◽  
Normal Speech

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the features of inflection skills of the preschoolers with a general speech disorders. The problem of studying the grammatical structure of speech plays a leading role in modern scientific and practical research, and the question of the mechanisms of the formation of grammatical patterns of language of children having general speech underdevelopment and the development of recommendations for speech therapy effects on this basis is especially relevant. Taking this factor into consideration, it is important to study the characteristics of inflection skills of preschoolers with a general speech disorders, as one of the categories of the grammatical structure. Accordingly, the purpose of the study was to investigate the characteristics of inflection skills of preschoolers with general speech underdevelopment. In accordance with the purpose, the course of the study is described, its results are analyzed, and conclusions are formulated. Accordingly, recommendations for speech therapy have been developed.Materials and methods. The study of the features of inflection skills of preschoolers with a general underdevelopment of speech was carried out in several stages. At the stage of analysis, synthesis, generalization and comparison of scientific literature data, the main theoretical and practical works of leading specialists were studied, dealing with the problem of formation and development of inflection skills in both normal and impaired speech development process. At the stage of the ascertaining experiment, preschoolers were offered a test aimed at determining the level of formation of inflection skills. At the final stage, empirical methods for processing empirical data (quantitative and qualitative analysis) were used.Results. As a result of the study, it was found that the inflection skills  of preschool children with general speech disorders are mainly formed at a lower-than-average level, while their peers with normal speech development are formed at a high level. The hypothesis of the study, which suggested that the word-modification skills of preschoolers with General speech disorders, in contrast to preschoolers with normal speech development, are characterized by inconsistencies in gender, number, case of nouns and adjectives, errors in the use of forms of number and gender of verbs, was confirmed.Discussion and Conclusions. Taking into consideration the results of the study, we concluded that there is a need for speech therapy to compensate for the underdevelopment of inflection skills, as a result, logopedic recommendations were developed for developing inflection skills of preschool children with general speech disorders, which are part of a comprehensive speech therapy on the development of oral speech.

scholarly journals “Rehospitalization Prognostic Factors In Patients with Heart Failure”

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 5676-5682
Author(s):  
Helal Ahmed ◽  
Mahmud Chowdhury ◽  
Lira Saha
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Functional Class ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
And Gender

Introduction: The prognosis of chronic heart failure (CHF) is determined by the complex relationship of neurohormonal, mechanical and polyorgan pathological changes emerging in the course and progression of the disease. Objective:  To assess the risk and rate of rehospitalisation due to decompensation of chronic heart failure (CHF) in relation to certain biologic, clinical and instrumental characteristics. Material and Methods: This study conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Community Based Medical College & Hospital, Bangladesh. Prospective study on 228 consecutive CHF patients. The follow-up period was 12 to 24 months. The primary endpoint was rehospitalization due to HF decompensation. The risk values were calculated using the Cox regression models.   Results: Median survival time was 8 months. The total number of rehospitalizations was 86 (37.7%).  Rehospitalization risk values were insignificantly lower in women (HR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4-1.1, р >0.05) and higher in older age groups (HR 1.4 95% CI 0.8-2.2, р>0.05). Univariate regression analysis showed a higher rehospitalization risk in patients with survived myocardial infarction, clinical signs of CHF, high functional class and pulmonary pressure. Multivariate regression analyses revealed the leading role of functional class on rehospitalization risk.   Conclusion: rehospitalization rates due to decompensation of CHF are high. Age and gender are insignificant predictors for rehospitalization in our study. Functional class is the prognostic factor with an independent effect on rehospitalization risk over the defined follow-up period among the examined group of patients. 

Women at Work

ILR Review ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja-Kristin Abendroth ◽  
Silvia Melzer ◽  
Alexandra Kalev ◽  
Donald Tomaskovic-Devey
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Job Level ◽  
Women In Management ◽  
Gender Earnings Gap ◽  
Earnings Gap ◽  
Gendered Power ◽  
And Gender

Using a unique sample of 5,022 workers in 94 large German workplaces, the authors explore whether and how women’s access to higher level positions, firms’ human resources practices, and workers’ qualification levels are associated with gender differences in earnings. First, they find that having more women in management reduces the gender earnings gap for jobs with low qualifications, but not those with high qualifications. Second, they find that while men’s compensation is positively affected by having a male supervisor, women with a female supervisor do not receive such an advantage. Finally, they find that human resources practices and job-level qualifications moderate the association between gendered power and gender earnings inequalities. Integrating women into managerial and supervisory roles does not automatically reduce gender inequalities; its impacts are contingent on organizational context.

Webern, the BBC and the Berg Violin Concerto

Tempo ◽  
1991 ◽  
pp. 2-10
Author(s):  
Lewis Foreman
Keyword(s):  
Performance Standards ◽  
New Music ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Violin Concerto ◽  
Second Viennese School ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Music Making ◽  
British Music ◽  
The 1950S

The simplistic commentator would sometimes have it that, compared to elsewhere in Europe, British music–making between the wars was insular and inward–looking. This is not strictly true; and it very much depended on where you were. While in some quarters there was a strong conviction of the superiority of the British music that had emerged since Elgar, there was also widespread and increasing interest in what was happening on the Continent, as exemplified in the activities of Arthur Bliss, Eugene Goossens and later Constant Lambert and Frank Bridge, and the journalism of Havergal Brian. It was, of course, true that the new composers presented by the Diaghilev ballet attracted a wide following, not only for the brilliance of the ballets themselves but also for their high quality of orchestral performance, at a time when British orchestras were not renowned for their performance standards. Many British composers of the time were also performed abroad, far more than might now be realized, and the new music from Europe was heard in London. Particularly after the inception of the ISCM Festivals in 1922, with British musicians playing a leading role in their organization, an awareness of the latest trends in Europe was widely felt in UK musical circles — though certain idioms, particularly those of the Second Viennese School and some works of Bartók, would not become accepted by the wider public until the 1950s and 1960s. Throughout, Sir Henry Wood and Sir Adrian Boult, in particular, performed new music in all styles.

IMPERIAL LIBERALISM? RELIGION, EDUCATION, AND THE COLD WAR

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-195
Author(s):  
FRANCIS G. COUVARES
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
American Politics ◽  
American Studies ◽  
Christian Right ◽  
High Point ◽  
Military Band ◽  
Band Music ◽  
The World ◽  
Armed Services ◽  
The Cold War

A few years ago I found myself at the Ogden, Utah rodeo with thirty schoolteachers from all over the world. They were participants in a Fulbright-supported American studies institute, and the trip to Utah was part of a weeklong foray into a part of America quite different from Amherst, MA, where the bulk of lectures and discussions had taken place in the previous three weeks. Our visit happened to coincide with “Armed Services Day,” and the spectacle my students encountered proved even more impressive than the riding and roping they had expected. The principle feature of that spectacle had to do with the organizers’ almost total confounding of religion and patriotism. At the high point of the event, over the roar of military band music and military helicopters passing overhead, the booming voice of the announcer declared that “God's helicopters” were protecting America and the rest of the world from tyranny. The books under review here endeavor to explain the spectacle in Ogden on that summer day—along with the train of events that, over sixty years ago, launched a crusade against “godless communism” and, a few decades later, made “the Christian right” a major force in American politics.

Recent Research on Family Factors and Readiness: Implications for Military Leaders

2001 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter R. Schumm ◽  
D. Bruce Bell ◽  
Gary Resnick
Keyword(s):  
Family Stress ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Family Factors ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Family Adaptation ◽  
Military Leaders ◽  
Enlisted Personnel ◽  
Family Issues ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Past research on the relationship between family factors and military readiness in the Army has suggested that family issues affect retention far more than readiness. New data on individual soldier readiness were analyzed to assess the relative importance of family factors (internal and external family adaptation) compared to unit readiness, longevity, rank, and gender. Family factors were significant predictors, although external family adaptation appeared to be more important than internal family adaptation. Although variables related to retention were more strongly related to family factors than our readiness variables, the differences were less substantial than those reported previously. The data seemed to suggest that reserve-component readiness might be more affected by family stress than the active component and that officer readiness might be more strongly affected by family worries than enlisted personnel readiness, but more research is needed to confirm those results.

scholarly journals Transgressive Gestures: Women and Violin Performance in Eighteenth-Century Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Hester Bell Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Physical Movement ◽  
Violin Concerto ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Economic Support ◽  
Violin Performance ◽  
Gendered Roles ◽  
Violin Playing

<p>Studies concerning eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century women musicians abound within recent musicological scholarship, but the focus on singers and keyboard players – whose musical activities are understood to have “affirmed” their femininity – has had the effect of obscuring players of less typical instruments. Violin-playing, frequently cast as a man’s activity and imbued with indecent associations, was a case in point. Yet despite the connotations of the instrument, a small but significant group of women did play the violin: it is these violinists that this thesis takes as its central focus. Looking first at the complex reasons behind objections to women’s violin performance, a number of factors that restricted women’s access to the violin – including the influence of the male gaze and limits placed on women’s physical movement – are revealed. Particular conditions nevertheless enabled certain women to play the violin, namely the personal, educational, and economic support available from diverse sources such as family members, patrons, and institutions like convents and the Venetian ospedali.  In addition to placing women violinists in their historical context, this thesis centres on an analysis of a violin concerto by one of the most well-known female violinists of the era, the Italian virtuoso Regina Strinasacchi. The analysis of Strinasacchi’s Violin Concerto in B flat major is strongly performance based and focuses on the issue of gender and physical movement (performance gesture), topics which were of much interest to eighteenth-century commentators who witnessed women violinists performing. As such the analysis engages with concepts from “embodied” musicology. In exploring Strinasacchi’s concerto we see that female violinists could experiment with a variety of gendered roles through violin performance, embodying both masculinity and femininity through their transgressive gestures. By taking a closer look at women’s violin performance and experiences, this thesis aims to show that these violinists were not as peripheral to the workings of the wider musical community as is sometimes implied. Furthermore, it aims to put women violinists more firmly at the centre of their own stories, challenging the tendency to treat female violinists as novel anomalies.</p>

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