Effectiveness of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for Digital Slope Mapping

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
MOHD FAKHRURRAZI ISHAK ◽  
M.F. ZOLKEPLI ◽  
NURMUNIRA MUHAMMAD
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Normal Mapping ◽  
Digital Orthophoto ◽  
Area And Volume

This paper discusses the applications of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for slope mapping and its important parameters including perimeter, area and volume of certain selected areas. Modern UAV able to take high quality image which essential for the effectiveness and nature of normal mapping output such as Digital Surface Model (DSM) and Digital Orthophoto. This photo captured by UAV will later transfer to commercial software to generate full map of study area. Three locations in Kuantan Pahang are chosen (Sungai Lembing, Politeknik Sultan Ahmad Shah ‘POLISAS’ and Pahang Matriculation College) for slope mapping. With the help of established software, the measurement (perimeter, area and volume) of selected study areas can be determined easily and considered as the main interest in this study. In addition, another outcome of this study is, this modern method of mapping will be compare to traditional method of mapping which proven to be more effective in term of low costing, low time consuming, can gather huge amount of data within short period of time, low man power needed and almost no potential risk of hazardous effect to man. In conclusion, modern technology of UAV proves to be very effective for mapping in geotechnical engineering. Slope mapping help researchers and engineers to obtain slope measurement within short period of time compare to previous traditional method.

scholarly journals Slope Mapping using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1781-1789
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farhan Zolkepli Et.al
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
High Quality Image ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Normal Mapping ◽  
Digital Orthophoto

This paper discusses the applications of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for slope mapping and also its important parameters including perimeter, area and also volume of certain selected area. With the development of modern technology, the utilization of UAV to gather data for slope mapping becoming easier as it is quick, reliable, precise, cost-effective and also easily to operate. Modern UAV able to take high quality image which essential for the effectiveness and nature of normal mapping output such as Digital Surface Model (DSM) and Digital Orthophoto. This photo captured by UAV will later transfer to commercial software to generate full map of study area. With the help of established software, the measurement of selected study areas can be determined easily which can be considered as the main interest in this study. In addition, another outcome of this study is, this modern method of mapping will be compare to traditional method of mapping which proven to be more effective in term of low costing, low time consuming, can gather huge amount of data within short period of time, low man power needed and almost no potential risk of hazardous effect to man.

scholarly journals A Study on Obtaining Tree Data from Green Spaces in Parks Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Images: Focusing on Mureung Park in Chuncheon

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-450
Author(s):  
Do-Hyung Lee ◽  
Sung-Ho Kil ◽  
Su-Been Lee
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Uav Images

Background and objective: The purpose of study is to analyze the three-dimensional (3D) structure by creating a 3D model for green spaces in a park using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images. Methods: After producing a digital surface model (DSM) and a digital terrain model (DTM) using UAV images taken in Mureung Park in Chuncheon-si, we generated a digital tree height model (DHM). In addition, we used the mean shift algorithm to test the classification accuracy, and obtain accurate tree height and volume measures through field survey. Results: Most of the tree species planted in Mureung Park were Pinus koraiensis, followed by Pinus densiflora, and Zelkova serrata, and most of the shrubs planted were Rhododendron yedoense, followed by Buxus microphylla, and Spiraea prunifolia. The average height of trees measured at the site was 7.8 m, and the average height estimated by the model was 7.5 m, showing a difference of about 0.3 m. As a result of the t-test, there was no significant difference between height values of the field survey data and the model. The estimated green coverage and volume of the study site using the UAV were 5,019 ㎡ and 14,897 ㎥, respectively, and the green coverage and volume measured through the field survey were 6,339 ㎡ and 17,167 ㎥. It was analyzed that the green coverage showed a difference of about 21% and the volume showed a difference of about 13%. Conclusion: The UAV equipped with RTK (Real-Time Kinematic) and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) modules used in this study could collect information on tree height, green coverage, and volume with relatively high accuracy within a short period of time. This could serve as an alternative to overcome the limitations of time and cost in previous field surveys using remote sensing techniques.

scholarly journals Improved Accuracy of Riparian Zone Mapping Using Near Ground Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Photogrammetry Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1997
Author(s):  
Joan Grau ◽  
Kang Liang ◽  
Jae Ogilvie ◽  
Paul Arp ◽  
Sheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Riparian Zone ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Agricultural Watershed ◽  
Riparian Zones ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Channel Network ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

In agriculture-dominant watersheds, riparian ecosystems provide a wide array of benefits such as reducing soil erosion, filtering chemical compounds, and retaining sediments. Traditionally, the boundaries of riparian zones could be estimated from Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) or field surveys. In this study, we used an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and photogrammetry method to map the boundaries of riparian zones. We first obtained the 3D digital surface model with a UAV. We applied the Vertical Distance to Channel Network (VDTCN) as a classifier to delineate the boundaries of the riparian area in an agricultural watershed. The same method was also used with a low-resolution DEM obtained with traditional photogrammetry and two more LiDAR-derived DEMs, and the results of different methods were compared. Results indicated that higher resolution UAV-derived DEM achieved a high agreement with the field-measured riparian zone. The accuracy achieved (Kappa Coefficient, KC = 63%) with the UAV-derived DEM was comparable with high-resolution LiDAR-derived DEMs and significantly higher than the prediction accuracy based on traditional low-resolution DEMs obtained with high altitude aerial photos (KC = 25%). We also found that the presence of a dense herbaceous layer on the ground could cause errors in riparian zone delineation with VDTCN for both low altitude UAV and LiDAR data. Nevertheless, the study indicated that using the VDTCN as a classifier combined with a UAV-derived DEM is a suitable approach for mapping riparian zones and can be used for precision agriculture and environmental protection over agricultural landscapes.

Natural superficial water storage and aquifer recharge assessment in Brazilian savanna wetland using unmanned aerial vehicle and geophysical survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-244
Author(s):  
Lucas Moreira Furlan ◽  
Vania Rosolen ◽  
Jepherson Salles ◽  
César Augusto Moreira ◽  
Manuel Eduardo Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Subsurface Structures ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques

Human pressure on the water resources provided by natural isolated wetlands has intensified in Brazil due to an increase in agricultural land equipped with irrigation. However, the amount of water stored in these areas and its contribution to aquifer recharge is unknown. This study aimed to quantify the amount of water that can be retained in a natural wetland and to propose a model of groundwater recharge. We used remote sensing techniques involving unmanned aerial vehicle to map the wetland and highlight its internal morphology, using a red–green–blue orthomosaic and a digital surface model. The 2-D inversion and a pseudo-3-D model from electrical resistivity tomography data were used to visualize the subsurface structures and hydrologic flow paths. The wetland is a reservoir storing up to 416.996 m3 of water during the rainy months. Distinct internal compartments characterize the wetland topography and different water-volume storage, lower in the border and higher in the center. A leakage point connects surface water to groundwater through direct vertical flow, which constitutes the aquifer recharge zone. Remotely sensed very high-resolution images allied with geophysical techniques allowed complete surface and subsurface imaging and offered visual tools that contributed to understanding the hydrodynamics of the wetland.

Retrieving individual tree heights from a point cloud generated with optical imagery from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1012-1024
Author(s):  
Meimei Wang ◽  
Jiayuan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
The Mean

Individual tree height (ITH) is one of the most important vertical structure parameters of a forest. Field measurement and laser scanning are very expensive for large forests. In this paper, we propose a cost-effective method to acquire ITHs in a forest using the optical overlapping images captured by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The data sets, including a point cloud, a digital surface model (DSM), and a digital orthorectified map (DOM), were produced from the UAV imagery. The canopy height model (CHM) was obtained by subtracting the digital elevation model (DEM) from the DSM removed of low vegetation. Object-based image analysis was used to extract individual tree crowns (ITCs) from the DOM, and ITHs were initially extracted by overlaying ITC outlines on the CHM. As the extracted ITHs were generally slightly shorter than the measured ITHs, a linear relationship was established between them. The final ITHs of the test site were retrieved by inputting extracted ITHs into the linear regression model. As a result, the coefficient of determination (R2), the root mean square error (RMSE), the mean absolute error (MAE), and the mean relative error (MRE) of the retrieved ITHs against the measured ITHs were 0.92, 1.08 m, 0.76 m, and 0.08, respectively.

scholarly journals Exploring the contributions of vegetation and dune size to early dune development using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 5533-5549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinka E. B. van Puijenbroek ◽  
Corjan Nolet ◽  
Alma V. de Groot ◽  
Juha M. Suomalainen ◽  
Michel J. P. M. Riksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Vegetation Height ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Vegetation Characteristics

Abstract. Dune development along highly dynamic land–sea boundaries is the result of interaction between vegetation and dune size with sedimentation and erosion processes. Disentangling the contribution of vegetation characteristics from that of dune size would improve predictions of nebkha dune development under a changing climate, but has proven difficult due to the scarcity of spatially continuous monitoring data. This study explored the contributions of vegetation and dune size to dune development for locations differing in shelter from the sea. We monitored a natural nebkha dune field of 8 ha, along the coast of the island Texel, the Netherlands, for 1 year using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with camera. After constructing a digital surface model and orthomosaic we derived for each dune (1) vegetation characteristics (species composition, vegetation density, and maximum vegetation height), (2) dune size (dune volume, area, and maximum height), (3) degree of shelter (proximity to other nebkha dunes and the sheltering by the foredune). Changes in dune volume over summer and winter were related to vegetation, dune size and degree of shelter. We found that a positive change in dune volume (dune growth) was linearly related to initial dune volume over summer but not over winter. Big dunes accumulated more sand than small dunes due to their larger surface area. Exposed dunes increased more in volume (0.81 % per dune per week) than sheltered dunes (0.2 % per dune per week) over summer, while the opposite occurred over winter. Vegetation characteristics did not significantly affect dune growth in summer, but did significantly affect dune growth in winter. Over winter, dunes dominated by Ammophila arenaria, a grass species with high vegetation density throughout the year, increased more in volume than dunes dominated by Elytrigia juncea, a grass species with lower vegetation density (0.43 vs. 0.42 (m3 m−3) week−1). The effect of species was irrespective of dune size or distance to the sea. Our results show that dune growth in summer is mainly determined by dune size, whereas in winter dune growth was determined by vegetation type. In our study area the growth of exposed dunes was likely restricted by storm erosion, whereas growth of sheltered dunes was restricted by sand supply. Our results can be used to improve models predicting coastal dune development.

scholarly journals Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Sensing and a Monitoring Information System to Enhance the Management of Unauthorized Structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
pp. 4954
Author(s):  
Yuanrong He ◽  
Weiwei Ma ◽  
Zelong Ma ◽  
Wenjie Fu ◽  
Chihcheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Ground Survey ◽  
Elevation Changes ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Gis Software ◽  
Interaction Interpretation

In this research, we investigated using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photographic technology to prevent the further expansion of unauthorized construction and thereby reduce postdisaster losses. First, UAV dynamic aerial photography was used to obtain dynamic digital surface model (DSM) data and elevation changes of 2–8 m as the initial sieve target. Then, two periods of dynamic orthophoto images were superimposed for human–computer interaction interpretation, so we could quickly distinguish buildings undergoing expansion, new construction, or demolition. At the same time, mobile geographic information system (GIS) software was used to survey the field, and the information gathered was developed to support unauthorized construction detection. Finally, aerial images, interpretation results, and ground survey information were integrated and released on WebGIS to build a regulatory platform that can achieve accurate management and effectively prevent violations.

scholarly journals Exploring the contributions of vegetation and dune size to early dune building using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-imaging

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinka E. B. van Puijenbroek ◽  
Corjan Nolet ◽  
Alma V. de Groot ◽  
Juha M. Suomalainen ◽  
Michel J. P. M. Riksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Ammophila Arenaria ◽  
Vegetation Height ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Vegetation Characteristics

Abstract. Dune development along highly dynamic land-sea boundaries is the results of interaction between vegetation and dune size with sedimentation and erosion processes. Disentangling the contribution of vegetation characteristics from that of dune size would improve predictions of dune development under a changing climate, but has proven difficult due to scarcity of spatially continuous monitoring data. This study explored the contributions of vegetation and dune size to dune development for locations differing in shelter from the sea. We monitored a natural dune field of 8 hectares, along the coast of the island Texel, the Netherlands, for one year using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with camera. After constructing a Digital Surface Model and orthomosaic we derived for each dune 1) vegetation characteristics (species composition, vegetation density, and maximum vegetation height), 2) dune size (dune volume, area, and maximum height), 3) degree of shelter (proximity to other dunes and the sheltering by the foredune). Changes in dune volume over summer and winter were related to vegetation, dune size and degree of shelter. We found that a positive change in dune volume (dune growth) was linearly related to dune volume over summer but not over winter. Big dunes accumulated more sand than small dunes due to their larger surface area. Exposed dunes increased more in volume than sheltered dunes over summer, while the opposite occurred over winter. Vegetation characteristics did not significantly affect dune growth in summer, but did significantly affect dune growth in winter. Over winter, dunes dominated by Ammophila arenaria, a grass species with high vegetation density throughout the year, increased more in volume than dunes dominated by Elytrigia juncea, a grass species with lower vegetation density. The effect of species was irrespective of dune size or distance to the sea. Our results show that dune growth in summer is mainly determined by dune size, whereas in winter dune growth was determined by vegetation. In our study area the growth of exposed dunes was likely restricted by storm erosion, whereas growth of sheltered dunes was restricted by sand supply. Our results can be used to improve models predicting coastal dune development.

scholarly journals Mangrove Above-Ground Biomass and Carbon Stock in the Karimunjawa-Kemujan Islands Estimated from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Imagery

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 706
Author(s):  
Anindya Wirasatriya ◽  
Rudhi Pribadi ◽  
Sigit Bayhu Iryanthony ◽  
Lilik Maslukah ◽  
Denny Nugroho Sugianto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Carbon Biomass ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

Blue carbon ecosystems in the Karimunjawa Islands may play a vital role in absorbing and storing the releasing carbon from the Java Sea. The present study investigated mangrove above-ground biomass (AGB) and carbon stock in the Karimunjawa-Kemujan Islands, the largest mangrove area in the Karimunjawa Islands. Taking the aerial photos from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle combined with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements, we generated Digital Surface Model (DSM) and Digital Terrain Model (DTM) with high accuracy. We calculated mangrove canopy height by subtracting DSM from DTM and then converted it into Lorey’s height. The highest mangrove canopy is located along the coastline facing the sea, ranging from 8 m to 15 m. Stunted mangroves 1 m to 8 m in height are detected mainly in the inner areas. AGBs were calculated using an allometric equation destined for the Southeast and East Asia region. Above-ground carbon biomass is half of AGB. The AGB and carbon biomass of mangroves in the Karimunjawa-Kemujan Islands range from 8 Mg/ha to 328 Mg/ha, and from 4 MgC/ha to 164 MgC/ha, respectively. With a total area of 238.98 ha, the potential above-ground carbon stored in the study area is estimated as 16,555.46 Mg.

scholarly journals Crack Detection Assisted by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Wonjudaegyo Bridge in Korea

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Jae Kang Lee ◽  
Min Jun Kim ◽  
Jung Ok Kim ◽  
Jin Soo Kim ◽  
Tri Dev Acharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Crack Detection ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Current Task ◽  
Aging Infrastructure ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

Since the 1970s, Korea has achieved exponential economic growth over a short period of time, with a huge amount of infrastructure built. However, 30 years on, this infrastructure is now deteriorating at a rapid pace due to extensive use and climatic factors, raising safety issues in recent years. The current task force faces limitations in monitoring and maintenance due to various reasons: Insufficient budget, increasing number of infrastructure facilities requiring maintenance, shortage of manpower, and a rapidly increasing number of aging infrastructure facilities. To overcome these limitations, a new approach is required that is different from the manual inspection methods under the existing rules and regulations. In this context, this study aimed to explore the efficiency of bridge inspection for cracks by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) that could observe inaccessible areas, could be conveniently and easily controlled, and could offer high economic benefits. A case study of UAV-based crack detection for Wonjudaegyo Bridge, Korea was performed. The results show more effective detection of cracks in the structure than traditional methods.

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