scholarly journals „Masovnost" i "selektivnost" u hrvatskom turizmu

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlatko Jadrešić
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
New Model ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Gradual Shift ◽  
The Social ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Spatial Resources

The contradictions and the weaknesses of mass tourism are slowing down its development, so that the existing model of mass tourism is increasingly negating itself. The abuse of spatial resources, pronounced seasonal fluctuations and structural unadaptability, as well as its negative impacts on the social, spatial, ecological and economic spheres are significant reasons for the need to continually work on redefining this model, and even to substitute it with a new one. This new model can be tentatively called the model of selective tourism. The author analyzes and compares the relationships and the characteristics of selective tourism with those of mass tourism, using Croatian tourism as an example, pointing out all die comparative advantages inherent in the selective tourism model particularly in creating Croatia's new tourism identity. Arguing for the co-existence of the two models, with a gradual shift toward selective types of tourism, this article is a plea for the development of all types of ecologically responsible, small-scale, elite and specific types of tourism, all of them being facets of die selective tourism model.

scholarly journals Sculpture in Modern Environment: Educational Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2704-2712
Keyword(s):  
Educational Technology ◽  
Art Education ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
New Model ◽  
Cultural Paradigm ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Training Professional ◽  
Different Levels

The article looks at the issues connected with art education aimed at training professional sculptors and qualified spectators. It outlines the main problems of sculptural thinking in the Russian mentality. The current situation is described in terms of shifting paradigms related to filling the everyday environment of Russian cities with sculptural objects. The article provides results of the research into preferences of population groups most knowledgeable about art, such as experts in art education, teachers and professional sculptors. A stable tradition of visual thinking rather than using tactile imagery has been identified, as well as preferences for the realistic paradigm of art and academic traditions at all stages of sculptors’ training. At the same time, the article shows positive changes in the social demand towards small-scale sculpture that is actively present in the living environment of a modern person. The main problems of sculptor training at different levels of education are indicated. The author suggests a new model of teaching sculpture based on the actualization of mythological traditions in the cultural paradigm of postmodernism.

Measuring Perceived Crowding in the Marine Environment: Perspectives from a Mass Tourism "swim-With" Whale Shark Site in the Philippines

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie A. Ziegler ◽  
Gonzalo Araujo ◽  
Jessica Labaja ◽  
Christine Legaspi ◽  
Sally Snow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Local Community ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Whale Shark ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Visual Approach ◽  
Whale Sharks ◽  
Negative Impacts

Perceived crowding is an important measure in assessing the social impacts of tourism activities. The goal of this study was to determine if the method used to measure perceived crowding in the marine environment (numerical vs. visual approach, boat vs. swimmer crowding) affects the crowding outcome and to apply the concept to a high-density marine wildlife tourism site, viewing whale sharks in Oslob, Philippines. The influence of various variables, including specialization, gender, nationality, swimmer behaviors, and proximity, was also tested to see if they affected crowding levels. Results indicate that a visual approach is more accurate in measuring reported encounters and encounter norms, and that boat and swimmer crowding are not interchangeable. Boat crowding is a serious problem in Oslob (95.6% crowded). Specialization, nationality, and swimmer behaviors and proximity all affected perceived crowding. Individuals who reported feeling crowded were more likely to perceive negative impacts of tourism activities on the local community, whale sharks, and wider environment. They also showed higher levels of support for management interventions to limit the number of people and boats at the site and to better regulate or ban whale shark provisioning activities. This study provides important insights regarding how to measure perceived crowding in the marine environment and management implications for a mass tourism wildlife site experiencing overcrowding.

scholarly journals DAMPAK SOSIAL PARIWISATA TERHADAP MASYARAKAT DESA EKOWISATA PAMPANG GUNUNG KIDUL MENUJU DESA EKOWISATA BERKELANJUTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Elisa Dwi Rohani ◽  
Yitno Purwoko
Keyword(s):  
Community Involvement ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Adequate Description ◽  
Environmental Innovation ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Village ◽  
Descriptive Method

Changes in tourism that are currently developing from mass tourism to form a special interest tourism encourage one of the villages in Paliyan District, Pampang to become an Ecotourism village by carrying out the concepts of conservation and education. In this study will discuss how the response and community involvement in the development of the village of Papang to become an ecotourism village, as well as social impacts for the community that emerged after tourism activities developed in the village of Pampang Ecotourism, both positive and negative impacts. To be able to produce findings and an adequate description of the social impacts that occur in Pampang Ecotourism Village, this research uses a descriptive method with the aim of being able to provide a description of the phenomena of social change obtained through interviews with community leaders and village activists and observations. From this research, it can be seen that the development of tourism in Pampang has more positive impacts on the community compared to the negative impacts including the growing spirit of togetherness, strengthening community organizations, increasing public awareness of preserving and protecting the environment through tourism and Ecotourism villages to become pilot villages in environmental innovation and management.Perubahan pariwisata yang saat ini berkembang dari pariwisata massal ke bentuk pariwisata minat khusus, mendorong salah satu desa di Kecamatan Paliyan yaitu Pampang untuk menjadi desa Ekowisata dengan  mengusung konsep konservasi dan edukasi. Dalam penelitian ini membahas bagaimana respon dan keterlibatan masyarakat dalam pengembangan Desa Papang untuk menjadi desa ekowisata, serta dampak sosial bagi masyarakat yang muncul pasca aktivitas pariwiata berkembang di Desa Ekowisata Pampang. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode deskriptif dengan tujuan untuk dapat memberikan gambaran fenomena-fenomena perubahan sosial yang diperoleh melalui wawancara tokoh masyarakat dan penggerak desa Ekowisata maupun observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perkembangan pariwisata di Pampang lebih banyak berdampak positif bagi masyarakat dibandingkan dampak negative, diantaraya tumbuhnya semangat kebersamaan, penguatan organisasi masyarakat, peningkatan wawasan masyarakat, kesadaran melestarikan dan menjaga lingkungan melalui pariwisata dan desa Ekowisata menjadi desa pecontohan dalam inovasi dan pengelolaan lingkungan.

scholarly journals Social validity of a contextual behavioral science-based intervention for retirement education

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Martins Barbosa ◽  
Sheila Giardini Murta
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Social Validity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment ◽  
Dynamic Methods ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Contextual Behavioral Science

AbstractThe literature shows that retirement can bring both positive and negative effects. However, there are few tested interventions for preparing workers for this transition and avoiding or minimizing its negative impacts. This paper presents a study with multiple groups that examined the social validity of an intervention for retirement education grounded in contextual behavioral science and acceptance and commitment therapy. Twenty-seven workers aged 29 to 65 divided into three intervention groups participated (group 1, N = 15; group 2, N = 9; group 3, N = 3). According to the participants’ evaluations, the intervention provided socially valid goals, socially acceptable procedures, and socially important effects. However, some improvements are still needed, such as the use of more dynamic methods, better formatted printed material, and increased fidelity between the content’s implementation and the prescribed activities. The positive results indicate that contextual behavioral science may bolster the development of interventions whose components possess evidence for their social validity. The further evaluation of the intervention via a clinical trial study will offer more robust evidence for its effectiveness. It is hoped that by increasing the availability of theory-based interventions in this area, the present study will promote valid strategies to facilitate better adjustment to retirement.

scholarly journals Multilingualism in Vanuatu: Four case studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 136700692110231
Author(s):  
Mary Walworth ◽  
Amy Dewar ◽  
Thomas Ennever ◽  
Lana Takau ◽  
Iveth Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Language History ◽  
Speech Communities ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
B Mobility

Each of the 65 inhabited islands of Vanuatu hosts its own unique linguistic environment in which varying degrees of multilingualism are found. This paper defines various types of small-scale multilingual settings in Vanuatu and explores what sociohistorical factors have led to them. This paper is based on first-hand observations and primary data collected by the authors in four locations in the Pacific Island nation of Vanuatu since 2016: two neighboring villages of Emae Island (Makatu and Tongamea), North Malekula, and on Maewo Island. The assessments of multilingualism in these examples from Vanuatu were qualitative, based on observations of sociolinguistic practices in each of these areas, as well as data from language history and language use surveys carried out in each place. Through defining and comparing the types of multilingualism present in the four case studies, we identify patterns in the social and historical processes that lead to various kinds of multilingualism: (a) interaction of linguistic and sociocultural identities and (b) mobility of both individuals and entire speech communities. The examples described in this paper are used to highlight the diversity of multilingualism found in Vanuatu and to explore how their differing linguistic environments and histories have contributed to their varying degrees of multilingualism. This paper makes an original contribution to knowledge about the small-scale multilingual situations in Vanuatu, offering descriptions of previously undocumented and endangered multilingual environments. Through an examination of the sociocultural motivations for multilingualism, alongside historical migrations of speaker groups and marked sociolinguistic identities, this paper contributes to research on why and how small-scale multilingualism can develop. Furthermore, this paper provides the foundation for future, more rigorous investigations into the small-scale multilingual situations of this highly understudied region.

scholarly journals The Role of Biophilic Agents in Building a Green Resilient City; the Case of Birmingham, UK

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5033
Author(s):  
Linda Novosadová ◽  
Wim van der Knaap
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Natural Land ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Community Projects ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
The City

The present research offers an exploration into the biophilic approach and the role of its agents in urban planning in questions of building a green, resilient urban environment. Biophilia, the innate need of humans to connect with nature, coined by Edgar O. Wilson in 1984, is a concept that has been used in urban governance through institutions, agents’ behaviours, activities and systems to make the environment nature-inclusive. Therefore, it leads to green, resilient environments and to making cities more sustainable. Due to an increasing population, space within and around cities keeps on being urbanised, replacing natural land cover with concrete surfaces. These changes to land use influence and stress the environment, its components, and consequently impact the overall resilience of the space. To understand the interactions and address the adverse impacts these changes might have, it is necessary to identify and define the environment’s components: the institutions, systems, and agents. This paper exemplifies the biophilic approach through a case study in the city of Birmingham, United Kingdom and its biophilic agents. Using the categorisation of agents, the data obtained through in-situ interviews with local professionals provided details on the agent fabric and their dynamics with the other two environments’ components within the climate resilience framework. The qualitative analysis demonstrates the ways biophilic agents act upon and interact within the environment in the realm of urban planning and influence building a climate-resilient city. Their activities range from small-scale community projects for improving their neighbourhood to public administration programs focusing on regenerating and regreening the city. From individuals advocating for and educating on biophilic approach, to private organisations challenging the business-as-usual regulations, it appeared that in Birmingham the biophilic approach has found its representatives in every agent category. Overall, the activities they perform in the environment define their role in building resilience. Nonetheless, the role of biophilic agents appears to be one of the major challengers to the urban design’s status quo and the business-as-usual of urban governance. Researching the environment, focused on agents and their behaviour and activities based on nature as inspiration in addressing climate change on a city level, is an opposite approach to searching and addressing the negative impacts of human activity on the environment. This focus can provide visibility of the local human activities that enhance resilience, while these are becoming a valuable input to city governance and planning, with the potential of scaling it up to other cities and on to regional, national, and global levels.

scholarly journals Risks inherent in the digital surveillance economy: A research agenda

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Digital Surveillance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Alternative Scenarios ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Surveillance Society ◽  
New Phase

The digitisation of data about the world relevant to business has given rise to a new phase of digitalisation of business itself. The digitisation of data about people has linked with the notions of information society, surveillance society, surveillance state and surveillance capitalism, and given rise to what is referred to in this article as the digital surveillance economy. At the heart of this is a new form of business model that is predicated on the acquisition and consolidation of very large volumes of personal data, and its exploitation to target advertisements, manipulate consumer behaviour, and price goods and services at the highest level that each individual is willing to bear. In the words of the model’s architects, users are ‘bribed’ and ‘induced’ to make their data available at minimal cost to marketers. The digital surveillance economy harbours serious threats to the interests of individuals, societies and polities. That in turn creates risks for corporations. The new economic wave may prove to be a tsunami that swamps the social dimension and washes away the last five centuries’ individualism and humanism. Alternatively, institutional adaptation might occur, overcoming the worst of the negative impacts; or a breaking-point could be reached and consumers might rebel against corporate domination. A research agenda is proposed, to provide a framework within which alternative scenarios can be investigated.

Knowledge, attitudes and practice of family planning: profile of a Bedouin community in Saudi Arabia

1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohair A. Sebai
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Or History

SummaryFamily planning is not being practised in Wadi Turaba in western Saudi Arabia, which is a Bedouin community with different stages of settlement. Children are wanted in the family, and the more children, especially boys, the better the social status of the family in the community. The desire of a mother for more children does not appear to be affected by her age group, history of previous marriages or history of previous pregnancies.Knowledge about contraceptives practically does not exist, except on a small scale in the settled community. Every woman, following the Koranic teachings, weans her child exactly at the age of 2 years, which obviously leads to the spacing of births. In rather rare situations, coitus interruptus is practised.

scholarly journals Dialogues between social and natural sciences: contribution to the debate on socio-environmental conflicts

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 2335-2348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Milanez
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mining Projects ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Social Environmental

ABSTRACT In this article, I argue that attempting to solve real problems is a possible approach to bring social and natural sciences together, and suggest that - as Environmental Impact Assessment necessarily brings together social and environmental issues - this debate is a strong candidate for such a task. The argument is based on a general discussion about the possibilities and limitations of Environmental Impact Assessments, the social-environmental impacts of mining activities and three case studies. The analysis of the cases indicates possibilities and limitations of the dialogue between scientists from various areas - and of the collaboration with social movements and affected communities - in avoiding negative impacts of mining projects and, eventually, increasing their sustainability.

scholarly journals Formation of raiding parties for intergroup violence is mediated by social network structure

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (43) ◽  
pp. 12114-12119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Glowacki ◽  
Alexander Isakov ◽  
Richard W. Wrangham ◽  
Rose McDermott ◽  
James H. Fowler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
East African ◽  
Nomadic Pastoralists ◽  
Social Network Structure ◽  
The Social ◽  
Total Impact ◽  
Social Network Position

Intergroup violence is common among humans worldwide. To assess how within-group social dynamics contribute to risky, between-group conflict, we conducted a 3-y longitudinal study of the formation of raiding parties among the Nyangatom, a group of East African nomadic pastoralists currently engaged in small-scale warfare. We also mapped the social network structure of potential male raiders. Here, we show that the initiation of raids depends on the presence of specific leaders who tend to participate in many raids, to have more friends, and to occupy more central positions in the network. However, despite the different structural position of raid leaders, raid participants are recruited from the whole population, not just from the direct friends of leaders. An individual’s decision to participate in a raid is strongly associated with the individual’s social network position in relation to other participants. Moreover, nonleaders have a larger total impact on raid participation than leaders, despite leaders’ greater connectivity. Thus, we find that leaders matter more for raid initiation than participant mobilization. Social networks may play a role in supporting risky collective action, amplify the emergence of raiding parties, and hence facilitate intergroup violence in small-scale societies.

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