scholarly journals The Potential of Microbial Symbionts Macrotermes gilvus Hagen Termite Gut as Degrading Agents of Cellulose in Bioethanol Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-401
Author(s):  
Dewi Susilowati ◽  
Niken Subekti ◽  
Siti Harnina Bintari
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Microbial Symbionts ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
High Cellulose ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Student’S T Test

Water hyacinth is a potential feedstock for bioethanol production because of their high cellulose. The microbial symbionts of the Macrotermes gilvus termite’s gut have a high endoglucanase enzyme activity. This research was aimed to analyze the pH, temperature and agitation effects towards cell density, endoglucanase enzyme activity and reducing sugar, and to determine the effective optimum condition that can produce maximum reducing sugar. This research used central composite design (CCD) with the total number of run was . The independent variables were including pH (5.9, 6.4, 7.0, 7.6, 8.0), temperature (30 0C, 33 0C, 37 0C, 41 0C, 44 0C) and agitation (90 rpm,114 rpm, 150 rpm,185 rpm, 210 rpm), with six replications at central points. Parameters measured were cell density, endoglukanase enzyme activity and reducing sugar, thus analyzed by the statistical software package MINITAB 18.0. The Student’s t-test result showed the primary sequence influencing cell density as pH ˃ agitation ˃ temperature and towards endoglucanase enzyme activity and reducing sugar as pH ˃ temperature ˃ agitation, P ˂ 0.05. The maximum reducing sugar (60.13 ± 3.16 mmolL-1) was obtained at pH 6.95, temperature 37 0C and agitation 150 rpm. The results of this research can be used to explore the more potential microbial symbionts of the Macrotermes gilvus Hagen termite’s gut.

scholarly journals DOCTORS NEED ENHANCED ONCOLOGY KNOWLEDGE

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 313-316
Author(s):  
TARIQ PARVEZ ◽  
BABAR PARVEZ ◽  
AMAL BEHANI
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
T Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Improve Design ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Student’S T Test

Objective: To assess oncology knowledge among doctors, andsuggestions to improve. Design: Cross sectional analytical study. Place and duration of study: This study was carriedout in the Department of Oncology, King Fahad Hospital, Madina Munawra, KSA and was completed in 8 months fromNovember 2004 to June 2005. Subjects and Methods: Series of five lectures were delivered on different subjects ofoncology. Participants were asked to answer an MCQ type questionnaire, which was structured regarding the contentof the lecture, before the lecture and after the lecture. Comparison was made by simple percentage calculation andstatistical analysis, student’s t-test. Result: Knowledge of the doctors rose from average 37% to 74% after the lecture.Conclusion: Doctors need enhanced knowledge in oncology and simple lecturing can make an improvement

scholarly journals Therapeutic effect of Raktamokshan in the management of gridhrasi with modified version of Shrunga (cupping)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
PRADNYA MARUTI JADHAV
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Gluteal Region ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Straight Leg Raise ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Student’S T Test

The incidence rate of Gridhrasi (sciatica) is quite significant as more than three-quarters of the world's population is affected by the disease. It is characterized by the onset of Ruja (pain), Toda (pricking), and Stambha (stiffness), initially in Sphika (gluteal region) and then radiating distally to Kati-Prishtha (low back), Janu (knee), Jangha (thigh) till Pada (feet). The patients suffering from Gridhrasi have restricted movements due to painful limb, affecting the daily routine activities. Aim: To study and evaluate the therapeutic effect of Raktamokshan in the management of Gridhrasi with the modified version of Shrunga. (cupping). Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on twenty patients who had reported for the treatment of Gridhrasi at an Ayurvedic hospital. Raktamokshana was done on Sphik (gluteal region) or Kati (low back) region with the help of 22 no.surgical blades and modified version of shrunga (cupping instrument)in four settings (0, 5th, 10th and 15th day). The sign and symptoms, namely Ruka, Toda, Stambha  were given scores depending on their severity. The patients were also assessed for straight-leg raise (SLR) test. Follow-up was done at an interval of 5 days for three times and the scores were noted down before and after treatment. The scores were analyzed using the Student's t-test. Result: Marked reduction in severity of mean scores of Ruja, Toda, Stambha was seen in the patients after the use of the modified version of shrunga (cupping instrument) for Raktamokshana, which was statistically significant. Conclusions: cupping is the simple and effective treatment (in adjunct to other treatment) for reducing Ruka, Toda, Stambha  in Gridhrasi.

scholarly journals Phacoemulsification and IOL-Implantation without Using Viscoelastics: Combined Modeling of Thermo Fluid Dynamics, Clinical Outcomes, and Endothelial Cell Density

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2399
Author(s):  
Nikola Goles ◽  
Marko Nerancic ◽  
Sanja Konjik ◽  
Brigitte Pajic-Eggspuehler ◽  
Bojan Pajic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
High Energy ◽  
T Test ◽  
Endothelial Cell Density ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Phacoemulsification is a widely used surgical method in cataract surgery with a high energy ultrasound source. The viscoelastic is considered to be tissue protective. The aim of this study is to investigate during surgery the impact of using viscoelastic versus no viscoelastic on clinical outcomes, potential complications and effect on endothelial cell density. The study group included 64 patients, who were subjected to phacoemulsification using balanced salt solution (BSS). Control group consisted of 62 patients, who underwent phacoemulsification using Hyaloronic acid 1% Healon 1%. Student’s t-test was applied for statistical analysis. The simulations of temperature changes during phacoemulsification were performed by COMSOL Multiphysics software. In the BSS group, a mean endothelial cell loss (ECL) of 4.5% was measured one month postoperatively, while in the Healon group ECL was 5.3%. Data analysis showed no significant difference in ECL between the groups (Student’s t-test, p = 0.8). No significant difference was observed in endothelial cell morphology and IOP between the two groups pre- and postoperatively (all p > 0.05). The modeling of thermo fluid dynamics showed that the heating of the cornea is slightly less when Healon was used as irrigation fluid. The phacoemulsification technique can be performed by an experienced surgeon with viscoelastics or continuous anterior chamber (AC) irrigation on the same level of safety regarding endothelial cell damage, providing equally satisfying clinical outcomes.

S208 – Catabolism of Gycoconjugates in Cholesteatoma Tissue

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P145-P145
Author(s):  
Ewa Olszewska ◽  
Malgorzata Borzym-Kluczyk ◽  
Slawomir Olszewski ◽  
Marek Rogowski
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
T Test ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Acquired Cholesteatoma ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Beta Galactosidase ◽  
Student’S T Test

Objectives 1) To determine the activity of N-acetylo-beta-D-hexosaminidase (HEX), alpha-mannosidase (alpha-MAN) and beta-galactosidase (beta-GAL)in acquired cholesteatoma and normal retroauricular skin specimens. 2) To assess the level of catabolism of glycoconjugates in assays of cholesteatoma extracts, quantifying HEX, alpha-MAN and beta-GAL. Methods Cholesteatomas (n=21) and normal adult post-auricular skin, served as controls(n=21), were collected during surgery in 2006–2007. Exoglycosidases activity was evaluated by determination, the amount of released p-nitrophenol from p-nitrophenol derivatives of appropriate sugars (beta-N-acetylglucosamine, alpha-mannose, and beta-galactose). Statistical analysis was conducted using the Student's t-test; p<0.05 was regarded as significant. Results In 19 of 21 specimens we observed significantly higher activity of investigated enzymes in cholesteatoma tissue compared with control tissue (p<0.05). Mean activity of HEX, alpha-MAN and beta-GAL from the cholesteatoma cells was adequate: 68.55 ±30.77 nkat/g, 1.85 ±1.14 nkat/g and 1.92 ±1.11 nkat/g wet tissue. In the control probes, adequate: HEX: 31.79 ±10.02 nkat/g, alpha-MAN: 0.69 ±0.24 nkat/g and beta-GAL: 0.86±0.22 nkat/g wet tissue. The correlation of two variables: enzyme activity in cholesteatoma and enzyme activity in skin specimens was positive. Pearson's coefficient was equal r= 0.3815 (HEX), r= 0.527 (alpha-MAN) and r= 0.489 (beta-GAL). Conclusions Catabolic reactions involving glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans may play a role in the pathogenesis of acquired cholesteatoma. The present data indicating that lysosomal exoglycosidases HEX, alpha-MAN and beta-GAL are significantly and consistently elevated suggest the need to further assess correlations between levels of HEX, alpha-MAN and beta-GAL and cholesteatoma behavior. Further research should also evaluate the relative importance of these particular exoglycosidases in considering the spectrum of identified inflammatory mediators.

scholarly journals Optimization of combined pre-treatments on sugarcane leaves for bioethanol production

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Numchok Manmai ◽  
Katherine Bautista ◽  
Yuwalee Unpaprom ◽  
Rameshprabu Ramaraj
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Process Optimization ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Renewable Source ◽  
Naoh Pretreatment ◽  
Central Composite

This paper reports the comparison of an optimized pretreatment model for Reducing Sugar (RS) production from Sugarcane leaf (SL) using NaOH to depolymerize of lignocellulosic biomass. The addition variables for a pretreatment model consisted of NaOH concentrations, heating temperatures and pretreatment times in the variety of 1-2% (v/v), 30-40 °C and 1-3 days individually. After pretreatment RS was estimated to transform into energy, both of RS and the energy were optimized by Respond surface methodology (RSM) on Central composite design (CCD). The models showed high determinational coefficients (R2) above 0.9876. Process optimization provided highest RS yield and energy of 5.632 g/L and 90.112 kJ/L. for NaOH pretreatment at condition 2% (v/v) NaOH, low temperature (40 °C) for 3 days. This report presented demonstrate that sugarcane leaf waste which is usually burnt after harvesting can be a part of renewable source for the biofuel production.

Serosal and cutaneous recordings of gastric myoelectrical activity in patients with gastroparesis

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (1) ◽  
pp. G90-G98 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Chen ◽  
B. D. Schirmer ◽  
R. W. McCallum
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Frequency Change ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Gastric Myoelectrical Activity ◽  
Myoelectrical Activity ◽  
Gastric Slow Wave ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

The aims of this study were to 1) investigate gastric myoelectrical activity in patients with gastroparesis, 2) validate the cutaneous electrogastrogram (EGG) in tracking the frequency change of the gastric slow wave, and 3) investigate the effect of electrical stimulation on gastric myoelectrical activity. Gastric myoelectrical activity was recorded in 12 patients with documented gastroparesis using serosal electrodes for > 200 min in each subject. All recordings were made at least 4 days after surgery. Each session consisted of a 30-min recording in the fasting state and a 30-min recording after a test meal. The test meal (liquid or mixed) was selected according to patient's tolerance. Electrical stimulation was performed in three subjects via the serosal electrodes at a frequency of 3 cycles/min. Gastric myoelectrical activity was recorded using serosal electrodes in each session. The serosal recording showed slow waves of 2.5 to 4.0 cycles/min in all 12 subjects. Absence of spikes was noted in 11 of the 12 subjects. The simultaneous serosal and cutaneous recording of gastric myoelectrical activity showed that the frequency of the EGG was exactly the same as that of the serosal recording. Liquid meals resulted in a significant decrease in slow-wave frequency (Student's t test, P = 0.006), and the EGG accurately reflected this change. Electrical stimulation had no effect on the frequency of the gastric slow wave and did not induce spikes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The Effect of Changes in Dialysate Volume on Glucose and Urea Equilibration

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Kohaut ◽  
F. Bryson Waldo ◽  
Mark R. Benfield
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Dialysate Volume ◽  
Student’S T Test

Objectives To determine the effect of changing dialysate volume on urea and glucoseequilibration curves and to determine, if dialysate volume is prescribed on the basis of body surface area, whether equilibration curves will be consistent in patients of different sizes and ages. Design A prospective study wherein children with acute or chronic renal failure had peritoneal equilibration studies done with dwell volumes of 30 mL/kg, 40 mL/kg, and 1200 mL/m2. Patient Population Twenty-two children: 7 under 3 years of age; 8 between 3 and 10 years of age; 7 older than 10 years of age. Statistics Student's t-test. Results Urea and glucose equilibrated rapidly at dwell volumes of 30 mL/kg, slower at dwell volumes of 40 mL/kg, and slowest at dwell volumes of 1200 mL/m2. Equilibration curves were similar in children of different ages when dialysate volumes of 1200 mL/m2 were infused. Conclusion Dialysate volumes of 1200 mL/m2 should be used when equilibration studies are being done to compare individuals of different ages and sizes.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of 2-Azaspiro [4,5] Decan-3-One (Impurity A) in Gabapentin Determination Method Using qNMR Spectroscopy

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1656
Author(s):  
Nataliya E. Kuz’mina ◽  
Sergey V. Moiseev ◽  
Mikhail D. Khorolskiy ◽  
Anna I. Lutceva
Keyword(s):  
Test Procedure ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Intermediate Precision ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Student’S T Test

The authors developed a 1H qNMR test procedure for identification and quantification of impurity A present in gabapentin active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and gabapentin products. The validation studies helped to determine the limit of quantitation and assess linearity, accuracy, repeatability, intermediate precision, specificity, and robustness of the procedure. Spike-and-recovery assays were used to calculate standard deviations, coefficients of variation, confidence intervals, bias, Fisher’s F test, and Student’s t-test for assay results. The obtained statistical values satisfy the acceptance criteria for the validation parameters. The authors compared the results of impurity A quantification in gabapentin APIs and capsules by using the 1H qNMR and HPLC test methods.

scholarly journals Potential intravenous drug incompatibilities in a pediatric unit

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Dalliane Batista Leal ◽  
Ramon Weyler Duarte Leopoldino ◽  
Rand Randall Martins ◽  
Lourena Mafra Veríssimo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate potential intravenous drug incompatibilities and related risk factors in a pediatric unit. Methods A cross-sectional analytical study conducted in the pediatric unit of a university hospital in Brazil. Data on prescriptions given to children aged 0-15 years from June to October 2014 were collected. Prescriptions that did not include intravenous drugs and prescriptions with incomplete dosage regimen or written in poor handwriting were excluded. Associations between variables and the risk of potential incompatibility were investigated using the Student’s t test and ANOVA; the level of significance was set at 5% (p<0.05). Relative risks were calculated for each drug involved in potential incompatibility with 95% confidence interval. Results A total of 222 children participated in the study; 132 (59.5%) children were male and 118 (53.2%) were aged between 0 and 2 years. The mean length of stay was 7.7±2.3 days. Dipyrone, penicillin G and ceftriaxona were the most commonly prescribed drugs. At least one potential incompatibility was detected in about 85% of children (1.2 incompatibility/patient ratio). Most incompatibilities detected fell into the non-tested (93.4%), precipitation (5.5%), turbidity (0.7%) or chemical decomposition (0.4%) categories. The number of drugs and prescription of diazepam, phenytoin, phenobarbital or metronidazole were risk factors for potential incompatibility. Conclusion Most pediatric prescriptions involved potential incompatibilities, with higher prevalence of non-tested incompatibilities. The number of drugs and prescription of diazepam, phenobarbital, phenytoin or metronidazole were risk factors for potential incompatibilities.

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