scholarly journals Effects of Light Environments on Leaf Traits and Phenotypic Plasticity of Canna indica

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
Yorianta Hidayat Sasaerila ◽  
Sakinah Sakinah ◽  
Nita Noriko ◽  
Risa Swandari Wijihastuti
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Canna Indica ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Shade Tolerant Species ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
First Time

Canna indica L (African arrowroot), is a beneficial, multi-use tropical perennial with a worldwide distribution, but relatively unexplored. This plant has the potential to be developed as a food crop in an intercropping system, utilizing idle land under commercial plantations such as rubber or teak. This study aimed to determine the best light-growing conditions for C. indica. A completely randomized design was used with growth light as the treatment consisting of 25%, 50%, and 100% of natural light, respectively. Leaf traits, growth characteristics, and phenotypic plasticity were used to measure C. indica’s response to different treatments. The results of this study showed that C. indica grown in low light has the best growth with increased height, leaf area, root and shoot dry weights, but decreased leaf thickness, which caused the increase in specific leaf area, leaf area ratio, and leaf weight ratio, but decreased root to shoot ratio. Based on leaf traits and biomass allocation, the phenotypic plasticity index was 0.23, a typical number for shade tolerant species. These findings were the first time to be reported for C. indica. For agroforestry practices, it can be recommended that C. indica be used as an intercropping plant under tree canopies.

scholarly journals Effects of Heterogeneous Environment After Deforestation on Plant Phenotypic Plasticity of Three Shrubs Based on Leaf Traits and Biomass Allocation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinniu Wang ◽  
Jing Gao ◽  
Yan Wu ◽  
Bo Xu ◽  
Fusun Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Heterogeneous Environment

Phenotypic plasticity among natural plant populations is a species-specific ecological phenomenon of paramount importance that depends on their life forms, development stages, as well as environmental factors. While this phenomenon is broadly understood, it has hardly been observed in nature. This study aimed at understanding phenotypic plasticity and ecological adaptability in three shrubs (Salix etosia, Rubus setchuenensis, and Hydrangea aspera) affected by potential environmental variables after deforesting in sparse Larix spp. forest and tall shrub mixed secondary forests. Soil organic carbon content, total nitrogen content, and available nitrogen content were greater outside the forests, contrary to other measured factors whose availability was higher in the forest interiors. In case of leaf traits and stoichiometric indicators, there were significant interactions of leaf area (LA), leaf dry matter (DW), specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf phosphorus content (LPC) between shrub species and heterogeneous environments (P < 0.05) but not for leaf C/N, N/P, and C/P. Principal components analysis (PCA) indicated that soil temperature, pH value, soil carbon content, soil nitrogen content, and MBC and MBN mainly constituted the first component. Summarized results indicated that TB and leaf C/P of S. etosia were significantly correlated with three principal components, but only marginal significant correlations existed between R/S and relevant components. SLA and R/S of R. setchuenensis had marginal significant relationships with independent variables. Both SLA and TB of H. aspera were significantly correlated with three principal components. Based on the pooled values of leaf functional traits and leaf stoichiometric indicators, R. setchuenensis (vining type) had better leaf traits plasticity to adapt to a heterogeneous environment. In descending order, the ranks of biomass allocation plasticity index of three shrubs were H. aspera (bunch type), R. setchuenensis (vining type), and S. etosia (erect type). The highest integrated plasticity values of leaf traits and biomass allocation was observed in H. aspera (bunch type), followed by R. setchuenensis, and by S. etosia with less adaptive plasticity in heterogeneous environments.

Étude de la plasticité phénotypique chez le Chrysanthemum leucanthemum. I. Croissance, allocation de la biomasse et reproduction

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2285-2298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Boutin ◽  
Pierre Morisset
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum

Phenotypic plasticity was experimentally studied in plants sampled from two tetraploid populations of ox-eye daisy, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. Plants were cloned and ramets were grown in an outdoor garden, in two independent experiments aimed at measuring the effects of light intensity (three treatments) and nutrient level (three treatments). When plants of the same genotype were grown under different light intensities, phenotypic plasticity was high for the following characteristics: total biomass, root weight to total weight ratio, leaf area, leaf area to total weight or specific leaf weight ratio, stem height, branching, number of heads, and time of flowering and fruiting. Genotypes grown under the three nutrient levels showed less plasticity, especially for leaf-related features. Biomass allocation patterns were also measured. Generally, lower light intensities resulted in an increase of allocation to leaves and a corresponding decrease of allocation to roots. On the other hand, lower nutrient levels caused an increase of allocation to roots accompanied by a decrease of allocation to heads, but had little effects on allocation to leaf material. The effective reproductive effort (percentage of biomass allocated to mature achenes) was higher under the lowest light intensity level, but did not change significantly with nutrient levels. The results are discussed in relation to the specificity of plastic responses with respect to the nature of environmental stresses. The prolific production of heads that remained immature at the onset of cold autumn temperatures is interpreted as a nonadaptative tactic in C. leucanthemum.

Abiotic factors modulate phenotypic plasticity in an apomictic shrub [Miconia albicans (SW.) Triana] along a soil fertility gradient in a Neotropical savanna

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cibele S. Bedetti ◽  
Débora B. Aguiar ◽  
Maria C. Jannuzzi ◽  
Maria Z. D. Moura ◽  
Fernando A. O. Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Fertility Gradient ◽  
Heterogeneous Habitats ◽  
Soil Fertility Gradient

Phenotypic plasticity is an important means by which plants cope with environmental heterogeneity; therefore, understanding variation in plant traits in heterogeneous habitats is important to predict responses to changing environments. In this study, we examined the patterns of intraspecific variation in leaf traits of Miconia albicans (Melastomataceae), a widespread, obligatory apomictic shrub, across a soil fertility gradient in the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna). We predicted high plasticity because selection favours high phenotypic plasticity in asexual populations with low genetic variability. Leaves were sampled in campo sujo (grassland), cerrado (savanna) and cerradão (woodland) in south-eastern Brazil during both dry and rainy seasons to calculate leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf tissue thickness, trichome and stomata density. We found significant between-season variation in leaf traits, indicating that the production of season-specific leaves is a strategy to cope with the strong seasonality. Both multivariate analysis and the relative distance plasticity index indicate lower plasticity during the dry season, especially under shade. Our results show that the phenotypic plasticity can be modulated by changes in abiotic factors and the combination of shade and drought can limit the expression of phenotypic plasticity.

scholarly journals PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN LEGUMINOSA (Centrocema pubescens DAN Clitoria ternatea) YANG DIPUPUK DENGAN PUPUK BIO SLURRY

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
WITARIADI N. M. ◽  
N.N. CANDRAASIH K.
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Legume Plants ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

This study aims at determining the productivity of legume fertilized with bio slurry. The study was conductedby using a complete randomized design (CRD) with two factors as factorial design. The first factor is the type oflegume plants, namely Centrocema pubescen and Clitoria ternatea. The second factor is the dosage of bioslurryfertilizer such as fertilizer as control; 10 tons/ha of bioslurry fertilizer; 20 tons/ha of bioslurry fertilizer; 30 tons/ha of bio slurry fertilizer. Variables observed were growth (plant height, number of tillers, and number of leaves);production variables (leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, root dry weight and total dry weight of forage); and growthcharacteristics (leaf area, leaf dry weight ratio of dry weight rod, and ratio of the total dry weight of forage with rootdry weight). The results showed that the bio-slurry fertilizer increase productivity and legume plants (Centrocemapubescen and Clitoria ternatea). The differences of 10-30 tons/ha bioslurry treatment significantly (P<0.05)increase number of tillers, number of leaves, total forage dry weight, dry weight of leaf, stem dry weight, root dryweight, leaf area, ratio of total dry weight of forage with roots and leaves with the stem ratio). It can be concludedthat higher productivity of legume plants species found significantly (P<0.05) on Clitoria ternatea with 30 tons/hadosages of bioslurry fertilizer as the best result.

scholarly journals The Impact of Different Environmental Conditions during Vegetative Propagation on Growth, Survival, and Biochemical Characteristics in Populus Hybrids in Clonal Field Trial

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 892
Author(s):  
Valda Gudynaitė-Franckevičienė ◽  
Alfas Pliūra
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Growing Conditions

To have a cleaner environment, good well-being, and improve the health of citizens it is necessary to expand green urban and suburban areas using productive and adapted material of tree species. The quality of urban greenery, resistance to negative climate change factors and pollution, as well as efficiency of short-rotation forestry in suburban areas, depends primarily on the selection of hybrids and clones, suitable for the local environmental conditions. We postulate that ecogenetic response, phenotypic plasticity, and genotypic variation of hybrid poplars (Populus L.) grown in plantations are affected not only by the peculiarities of hybrids and clones, but also by environmental conditions of their vegetative propagation. The aim of the present study was to estimate growth and biochemical responses, the phenotypic plasticity, genotypic variation of adaptive traits, and genetically regulated adaptability of Populus hybrids in field trials which may be predisposed by the simulated contrasting temperature conditions at their vegetative propagation phase. The research was performed with the 20 cultivars and experimental clones of one intraspecific cross and four different interspecific hybrids of poplars propagated under six contrasting temperature regimes in phytotron. The results suggest that certain environmental conditions during vegetative propagation not only have a short-term effect on tree viability and growth, but also can help to adapt to climate change conditions and grow successfully in the long-term. It was found that tree growth and biochemical traits (the chlorophyll A and B, pigments content and the chlorophyll A/B ratio) of hybrid poplar clones grown in field trials, as well as their traits’ genetic parameters, were affected by the rooting-growing conditions during vegetative propagation phase. Hybrids P. balsamifera × P. trichocarpa, and P. trichocarpa × P. trichocarpa have shown the most substantial changes of biochemical traits across vegetative propagation treatments in field trial. Rooting-growing conditions during vegetative propagation had also an impact on coefficients of genotypic variation and heritability in hybrid poplar clones when grown in field trials.

The revised Permian genus Dagmarita Reitlinger, 1965 (Dagmaritinae, Foraminifera) and its phylogenetic relationships

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-216
Author(s):  
Valerio Gennari ◽  
Roberto Rettori
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Thin Section ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Character ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
3D Reconstructions ◽  
Nw Iran ◽  
Smaller Foraminifers ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
First Time

AbstractAmong Permian smaller foraminifers, the genus Dagmarita is one of the most studied due to its worldwide distribution. The detailed study of the Zal (NW Iran) and Abadeh (Central Iran) stratigraphic sections led to redescription of the genus Dagmarita and its taxonomic composition. In Dagmarita, a peculiar generic morphological character, represented by a secondary valvular projection, has been detected for the first time among globivalvulinid foraminifers. The phylogeny of Dagmarita, and in particular its ancestor Sengoerina, is discussed and the new species, D. ghorbanii n. sp. and D. zalensis n. sp., are introduced. Analogies and differences among all the species belonging to Dagmarita are highlighted and morphological features of the new taxa are shown in 3D reconstructions, useful for understanding differently oriented sections of the specimens in thin section.UUID: http://zoobank.org/3d8eb14c-7757-4cbd-877c-4bacd2d156da

scholarly journals Tolerance of Annual Winter Species to Protoporfirinogen Oxidase Inhibiting Herbicides (Protox)

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. ALVES ◽  
L. GALON ◽  
R.R. KAIZER ◽  
F.L. WINTER ◽  
C.M. HOLZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
F Test ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Linear Regressions

ABSTRACT: The use of plant species for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with herbicides is an alternative that has been emphasized to minimize the effects of the persistence of agrochemicals in the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance potential of winter species in soils contaminated with sulfentrazone and fomesafen. The experiment was in a completely randomized design with four replications. Doses of fomesafen (0.0, 0.125, 0.250, and 0.5 kg ha-1) and sulfentrazone (0.0, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 kg ha-1) were applied during the pre-emergence of phytoremediate species (black oat, vetch, birdsfood trefoil, radish and lupin). Forty five days after the emergence of the species, the phytotoxicity (%), leaf area (cm2), stalk and/or stem diameter (mm), height (cm) and dry matter (g) variables of the plants were evaluated. Data were submitted to analysis of variance by F test; when significant, linear or non linear regressions were applied to evaluate the effect of herbicide doses on the studied species. Birdsfood trefoil was the less tolerant species to fomesafen and sulfentrazone. Black oat was less affected by the application of fomesafen doses, but it was highly susceptible to sulfentrazone. Radish presented tolerance only up to the fomesafen dose of 0.25 kg ha-1; as for sulfentrazone, the species showed tolerance. The most tolerant species to fomesafen and sulfentrazone, regardless of the dose, was the lupine, which is a possible alternative for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with these herbicides.

scholarly journals Leaf traits and gas exchange in saplings of native tree species in the Central Amazon

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 624-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keila Rego Mendes ◽  
Ricardo Antonio Marenco
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Leaf Thickness ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content

Global climate models predict changes on the length of the dry season in the Amazon which may affect tree physiology. The aims of this work were to determine the effect of the rainfall regime and fraction of sky visible (FSV) at the forest understory on leaf traits and gas exchange of ten rainforest tree species in the Central Amazon, Brazil. We also examined the relationship between specific leaf area (SLA), leaf thickness (LT), and leaf nitrogen content on photosynthetic parameters. Data were collected in January (rainy season) and August (dry season) of 2008. A diurnal pattern was observed for light saturated photosynthesis (Amax) and stomatal conductance (g s), and irrespective of species, Amax was lower in the dry season. However, no effect of the rainfall regime was observed on g s nor on the photosynthetic capacity (Apot, measured at saturating [CO2]). Apot and leaf thickness increased with FSV, the converse was true for the FSV-SLA relationship. Also, a positive relationship was observed between Apot per unit leaf area and leaf nitrogen content, and between Apot per unit mass and SLA. Although the rainfall regime only slightly affects soil moisture, photosynthetic traits seem to be responsive to rainfall-related environmental factors, which eventually lead to an effect on Amax. Finally, we report that little variation in FSV seems to affect leaf physiology (Apot) and leaf anatomy (leaf thickness).

scholarly journals A method to improve leaf succulence quantification

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
André Mantovani
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Ecological Implications ◽  
Leaf Succulence ◽  
Sun Leaves

Leaf succulence has important physiological and ecological implications. Currently it is quantified by Delf's index (fresh weight/leaf area) and fresh weight/ dry weight ratio. Both indeces are reconsidered and a new index is proposed. Shade and sun leaves from terrestrial, hemiepiphytic and epiphytic aroids were studied. Delf's formula, which does not consider dry weight, overestimated leaf succulence. As fresh weight / dry weight ratio (fw / dw) does not consider leaf area, plants with the same fw / dw ratio were more than five times different in area. The last case was only possible with a decrease in surface / volume ratio and a increase of mesophyll thickness, components not measured by fw / dw ratio. The new index proposed here, which takes into consideration dry weight and leaf area, showed a high correlation to mesophyll thickness.

scholarly journals Effects of microhabitat on leaf traits in Digitalis grandiflora L. (Veronicaceae) growing at forest edge and interior

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 615-627
Author(s):  
J. Kołodziejek
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Leaf Mass Per Area ◽  
Forest Interior ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Shade Leaves

The morphological, anatomical and biochemical traits of the leaves of yellow foxglove (Digitalis grandiflora Mill.) from two microhabitats, forest interior (full shade under oak canopy) and forest edge (half shade near shrubs), were studied. The microhabitats differed in the mean levels of available light, but did not differ in soil moisture. The mean level of light in the forest edge microhabitat was significantly higher than in the forest interior. Multivariate ANOVA was used to test the effects of microhabitat. Comparison of the available light with soil moisture revealed that both factors significantly influenced the morphological and anatomical variables of D. grandiflora. Leaf area, mass, leaf mass per area (LMA), surface area per unit dry mass (SLA), density and thickness varied greatly between leaves exposed to different light regimes. Leaves that developed in the shade were larger and thinner and had a greater SLA than those that developed in the half shade. In contrast, at higher light irradiances, at the forest edge, leaves tended to be thicker, with higher LMA and density. Stomatal density was higher in the half-shade leaves than in the full-shade ones. LMA was correlated with leaf area and mass and to a lesser extent with thickness and density in the forest edge microsite. The considerable variations in leaf density and thickness recorded here confirm the very high variation in cell size and amounts of structural tissue within species. The leaf plasticity index (PI) was the highest for the morphological leaf traits as compared to the anatomical and biochemical ones. The nitrogen content was higher in the ?half-shade leaves? than in the ?shade leaves?. Denser leaves corresponded to lower nitrogen (N) contents. The leaves of plants from the forest edge had more potassium (K) than leaves of plants from the forest interior on an area basis but not on a dry mass basis; the reverse was true for phosphorus.

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